Transcript SYNTHESIS OF POLYACRYLAMIDE FOR ENHANNCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)

PRETREATMENT OF BAGASSE TO IMPROVE FUEL
QUALITY VIA TORREFACTION
Noorfidza Yub Harun
Muhammad T Afzal
Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management
University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB
CSBE Annual Conference, Brudenell River Resort,
Prince Edward Island, July 12-15, 2009
Contents
1
Project Background
2
Objectives
3
Methodology
4
Results and Discussion
5
Conclusion
PROJECT BACKGROUND
“….. biomass has a great potential today and in the future,
since it is renewable, in contrast to the nature of the fossil
fuels”- E. NATARAJAN-
INCREASE IN
CRUDE OIL PRICE
GLOBAL WARMING
CURRENT
ISSUES
DEPLETION OF
FOSSIL RESOURCES
INCREASE IN ENERGY
DEMAND
BIOFUEL
What ?
Biofuel is defined as solid, liquid, or gas fuel derived from biomass,
theoretically produced from any (biological) carbon source
How?
1
2
3
PYROLYSIS
GASIFICATION
CARBONIZATION
• Heating in absence
• Convert biomass
• Value added
of Oxygen
into CO and Hydrogen
technology
• Types: mild and fast
• For energy-rich
• Upgrade fuels
gaseous product
PYROLYSIS
MILD (TORREFACTION)
• slow heating process
• maximum temperature of 300 °C
Pyrolysis
• solid as main product
retain 70% of
yield solid
initial weight
uniform product
ADVANTAGES
FAST
• rapid heating process
• temperature range of 450-600 °C
• liquid and gas as main product
lower moisture,
remove smoke
but higher energy
producing compounds
content
SUGARCANE PLANTATION IN
MALAYSIA
1.2 million tons of
Sugarcane
produced annually
Plantation area:
34,500A
Abundant bagasse
Biodegradable with
calorific value
COMPARISON OF BIOMASS
Calorific Value
Composition
OBJECTIVE
To study the improvement of fuel quality in energy content
through torrefaction process
METHODOLOGY
Preparation of Bagasse sample
Heating at 110oC (24 hours)
Grinding
METHODOLOGY
Controlled Parameters Setting
Control Factor
Sample
Bagasse
Particle size
425 micron
1.18 mm
Heating rate
35 ºC/min
50 ºC/min
Reaction time
25 minutes
18 minutes
METHODOLOGY
Experimental Run for Torrefaction
Particle size
Heating rate
Reaction time
Temperature
425 micron
35 ºC/min
25 minutes
200
220
240
260
280
425 micron
50 ºC/min
18 minutes
200
220
240
260
280
1.18 mm
35 ºC/min
25 minutes
200
220
240
260
280
1.18 mm
50 ºC/min
18 minutes
200
220
240
260
280
METHODOLOGY
(i) Moisture Content Analysis
(ii) Calorific Value Analysis
(iii) Composition Analysis
(iv) TGA Analysis
RESUTLS & DISCUSSION
Pre-treatment of Bagasse
Weight of sample vs heating time
Weight of sample (g)
Gradual
decrease
650
630
610
590
Remain
constant
570
Time (min)
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
1. Gradual decrease, then remain
constant after two hours
2. Weight loss is due to moisture content
loss
3. Water removed by convection and
diffusion
4. Remove bound and free water
RESUTLS & DISCUSSION
2
Proximate and Elemental Analysis for Bagasse
Sample
Bagasse
Moisture (%) db
2.77
Volatile Matters (%) db
48.13
Ash (%) db
4.6
Carbon, C (%) db
44.5
Hydrogen, H (%) db
5.32
Nitrogen, N (%) db
0.83
Sulfur, S (%) db
0.25
Heating Value,
db
(kJ/kg)
11756
RESUTLS & DISCUSSION
Heating Values (kJ/kg) Obtained for Each Operating Conditions
Torrefaction Temperature
Fresh
Bagasse,
LHV
Particle
Size
Heating Rate
Reaction
Time
425
m
425
m
425
m
425
m
425
m
425 m
35 ºC/min
25 min
19.7
19.7
19.8
19.9
19.9
425 m
50 ºC/min
18 min
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
1.18 mm
35 ºC/min
25 min
13.5
13.7
13.8
13.9
13.9
1.18 mm
50 ºC/min
18 min
14.5
15.7
15.8
15.9
15.9
11.563
RESUTLS & DISCUSSION
25000
19711
Calorific Values (kJ/kg))
20000
15000
13521
11563
10000
5000
0
Bagas s e
Torrified
(1.18mm)
Torrified
(0.425 mm)
Calorific Value of Raw Bagasse and Torrified Bagasse at 200oC with Different
Particle Sizes
RESUTLS & DISCUSSION
Calorific Values (MJ/kg))
25
20
0.425mm, 25 min
15
0.425mm, 18 min
1.18mm, 25 min
10
1.18, 18 min
5
0
200
220
240
260
280
Temperature (degree C)
Calorific Values of Torrified Bagasse at Different Temperature, Particle Size and
Reaction Time
Calorific Values (MJ/kg)
RESUTLS & DISCUSSION
25
20
15
10
5
0
21.3
19.7
13.5
14.5
0.425mm
1.18mm
35
50
Heating Rate (oC/min)
Heating rate effects on calorific values of torrified bagasse
RESUTLS & DISCUSSION
Effect of Temperature on TGA Analysis
Weight Loss (%)
Weight loss effects at temperature range 200-280o C
100
90
80
70
0.425mm, 25min
0.425mm, 18min
1
2
3
o
1.18mm, 25min
1.18mm 18min
Temperature (200 - 280 C)
Weight loss effects at temperature range from 200-280oC
80% weight content remains
CONCLUSIONS
 The heating values were increased with temperature and heating rate.
 The heating values were decreased with increasing particle size.
 Weight of most torrefied bagasse remained at 80%.
 Exhibit higher moisture loss while retaining higher energy and initial
weight.
 Bagasse has a great potential to be used as biofuel after torrefaction.
Questions and Answers