Transcript EVOLUTION OF FARMING SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE …

The MDGs & Sustainable Rural Development in SubSaharan Africa: Challenges & Implications for
Education for Rural People (ERP)
M. Avila & L. Gasperini with P. van Lierop, J. Heney & A. Ufer
Ministerial Seminar
on
ERP in Africa: Policy Lessons, Options and Priorities
7-9 September 2005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
OBJECTIVES OF PRESENTATION
1. Characterizes human development situation
and trends of region
2. Explains critical roles of agriculture, food
security & nutrition to achieve MDGs.
3. Identifies strategic challenges of sustainable
agriculture & rural development
4. Highlights key contribution of ERP for
sustainable rural development & MDGs.
NB: Agriculture is broadly defined to include production, processing,
conservation and marketing of crop, livestock, forest and fish products
Human Development
Status and Trends
Total Population & Percentage of Rural Population
Regions of world
Total Population, millions
1975
2002
20501
2015
SSA
330.9
689.2
901.9
1,557.4
India
620.7
1,096.9
1,246.4
1,531.5
1,306.6
1,961.5
2,115.5
2,252.6
321.9
558.3
628.3
767.7
OECD
911
1,163.7
1,222.4
1,282.1
World
4,066
6,200
7,200
8,920.0
Asia Pacific
L Amer. & Car
Regions of world
Rural Population, percent
1975
2002
2015
2030
SSA
83.52
71.52
63.22
58.32
India
78,8
71,9
67,8
58,6
Asia Pacific
81,0
61,8
47,9
38.9
L Amer. & Car
38,6
23,8
20
20.2
OECD
26,3
20,7
20,9
na
World
na
51,7
Na
39,2
Total population growth
175
150
125
1975
2002
2015
2050
100
Million
75
50
25
0
BF ETH GU MDG MOZ NI
SE
SA UGD
Relative trend of rural population, 1975-2030
100
1975
2002
80
2015
% of total
population
60
2030
2030
40
2015
20
2002
1975
0
BF
ETH
GUI
MDG
MOZ
NIG
SEN
SA
UGD
SSA
Child malnutrition, percent
Relationship between illiteracy and malnutrition
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
Illiteracy, percent
80
100
BF
ETH
GUI
MDG
MOZ
NIG
SEN
SA
UGD
SL
Percent of pop. with < 1$
per day
Relationship between illiteracy and poverty
70
BF
60
ETH
50
GUI
40
MDG
30
MOZ
20
NIG
10
SEN
0
SA
0
20
40
60
Illiteracy, percent
80
100
UGD
SL
BF
Relationship between undernourishment & susceptibility to
infectious diseases
ETH
Tuberculosis cases,
per 100,000 pop.
GUI
600
MDG
500
MOZ
400
NIG
300
SEN
200
SA
UGD
100
SSA
0
0
10
20
30
40
Undernourishment, percent
50
60
AP
LAC
NE
LDC
Poverty incidences, rural and urban, various years
100
80
60
Percent
40
20
0
Urban
Rural
BF
ETH
GUI
MDG MOZ
NIG
SEN UGD
Millennium Development
Goals (est. 2000)
Targets for 2015
Interactions among MDGs
MDG 5
MDG 8
Secure global
partnership for
development
Improve maternal
health
Reduce
child mortality
MDG 2
Achieve universal
primary education
MDG 1
Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger
MDG 4
MDG 3
Promote gender
equality & empower
women
MDG 6
MDG 7
Ensure
environmental
sustainability
Combat HIV/AIDS,
malaria and other
diseases
Contribution of Agriculture to MDGs
1.
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
•
•
2.
Agriculture production, employment, income
Human nutrition affects labour productivity, livelihoods & education
Achieve universal primary education
•
•
3.
Effect of Illiteracy on poverty, food security & nutrition
Education is not accessible to poverty & hungry children
Promote gender equality & empower women
•
•
4.
Women’s role in agriculture, access to resources & skills
Education of girls on family’s health, productivity & well being
Reduce child mortality
•
Effect of hunger, malnutrition & micronutrients on child health &
mortality
Contribution of Agriculture to MDGs
5. Improve maternal health
–
Education, labour-saving technology & better nutrition for women
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria & other diseases
–
–
Education, nutrition can reduce incidence & resistance
Forests for medicinal plants
7. Promote environmental sustainability
–
–
Ecologically sustainable management of agriculture & natural
resources
Hunger & poverty compel over-exploitation
8. Develop a global partnership for development
–
–
Poor rural areas offer no market for consumer products
Mobilization of resources for MDGs, e.g. agriculture, rural
development & education
Major Agricultural Systems
and Challenges
Potentials of the Agricultural Systems
Benefits of agricultural growth
•
•
For rural economy: food, jobs, incomes and also for those involved
services to the rural people
For national economy: food for urban people, public revenue, skilled
labour for other sectors, foreign exchange, jobs & income & investment
Major farming systems deserve special & greater
attention, e.g.
•
Maize Mixed (9), Cereal-Root Crop (8), Root Crop (7), Forest-based (3) and
Pastoral (12) farming systems.
Major challenge of smallholders who represent vast
majority in SSA
•
•
Inherent strengths: make effective decisions, manage family labour
efficiently, optimize land productivity, & ready to adopt technology
Ability to compete in globalized markets with stringent standards & unfair
trade, and constraints of inadequate services, investment, technology, etc.
African Share of World Agricultural Trade:
1961-1997
12
Percent
African exports/world exports
10
8
African imports/world imports
6
4
2
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
Source: Mukherjee and Harris, IFPRI 1999
2000
World Bank data
NEPAD’s Homegrown Strategy
Sustainable Land
& Water
Management
Comprehensive
Agriculture
Development
Improvement of
Rural
Infrastructure
Food Security
& Contribution
To Self-Reliant
Nat. Economy
Improved
Agric Research,
Global Knowledge
& Dissemination
Incentives for
Investment in
Agriculture
Sustainable Agriculture
and Rural Development
Sust Agric & Rural Dev
Genesis in Earth Summit (Rio) & WSSD (Joburg)
– Centred on people’s livelihoods: what they have, they
know, they want, and they can do
Attributes/ advantages
– Pillars: cultural, social, economic & environmental
– Focus on agric & rural enterprises and linkages
– Policy/ institutional/ technological/ investment
Key Challenges for Sust Agric. & Rural Dev.
Leadership of
Empowering local
institutions &
rural communities
Government
Establishment
& Management
of Partnerships
Boosting the
Rural Economy
Public Policy
Priorities
Delivering timely
and cost-effective
financial services
M&E Systems
(MDGs)
Leadership of Government
Success stories of rural development at national level
show:
• Pay-off for having a long term vision, clear strategy and priority
on development of agriculture and rural sector
• Investment in human capital and key institutions for rural
development
• Investment in rural infrastructure (roads, health, education,
communication, etc)
• Effective strategy for coordinating & working with international
community
Monitoring and Evaluation Systems
M&E as a powerful management tool
Global
• To learn what works, draw lessons &
share innovations.
National
Regional
Local
• To engender real participation of local
communities & households
• To show impact on rural livelihoods of
specific groups of concern
M&E as essential tool for using resources efficiently, leveraging collaboration,
and mobilizing resources from all stakeholders
Benefits of M&E requires strengthening institutional &community capacities,
Focusing on defining indicators that are meaningful to local people, and using the
Information to assess policies, institutions and programs
Some programs/projects use M&E, mainly to satisfy donor not local needs.
Do we want to be monitored or held accountable, especially by local stakeholders?
Implications for
Education for Rural People
Concentration of poverty
in rural areas
Illiteracy
Education for
rural livelihoods
Human &
Institutional
Development
Life-time
resource
MDGs and more…
economic well being,
cultural freedom, peace in
rural communities
Resource access
& security
Labour
productivity
Conclusion
Blair
Commission
NEPAD
Sub-Saharan
Africa
“If you want 1 year of prosperity,
grow crops.
If you want 10 years of prosperity,
grow trees.
If you want 100 years of prosperity,
grow people.”
Chinese Proverb
MDG meeting
9/ 2005
THANK YOU !!