Chapter 7 – The Roman World 1000 BC – 476 AD

Section 2 – Rome expands its Borders • • • Predict some possible causes of conflict between the growing Roman Republic and the surrounding Mediterranean peoples Answers: trade rivalry and economic competition, competition for land, mutual suspicion, cultural threats, Main Idea: Through warfare and alliances, the Roman Republic greatly expanded the lands under their control.

The Punic Wars • • Places: Rubicon, Carthage, Alps, Rome vs. Carthage – why?

• • • • First Punic War – 264 BC Rome has no navy, builds one – what was the model?

Land warfare at sea = “boarding bridges” War ends after 23 years – 241 BC

Punic Wars • • • • • • • • Second Punic War: 218 BC Hannibal Crossing the Alps into Italy Laid waste to the countryside Wanted to win away Rome’s allies – successful?

Scipio – Roman general Rome goes after Carthage – Hannibal has to go home Carthage has to give up their Navy and colonies in Spain

Hannibal v. Scipio

Battle of Zama

Punic Wars • • • • Third Punic War Roman Senate decides to crush Carthage Carthage was destroyed in 146 BC By 133 BC Rome had extended its control over the entire region – supreme power in the Mediterranean

Destruction of Carthage

"Furthermore, it is my opinion that Carthage must be destroyed", a position earlier cited by Cicero in his dialogue De Senectute.

Provinces • • • • Each province was administered by a governor Rome becomes dependent upon the provinces over time for grain Equites: class of business people connected to trade Within the Republic the gap between the rich and the poor, powerful and powerless, continued to grow

Spartacus • • • • Led revolt that began in 73 BC More than 70,000 slaves took part Spartacus dies in battle Some 6,000 rebels were crucified