Transcript Implementing IUOS (NEC Format)

Unidata Policy Committee
NOAA/NWS Status
April 17, 2006
LeRoy Spayd
Chief, Meteorological Services Division
Office of Climate, Water, and Weather Services
NOAA’s National Weather Service
1
Outline
• Integrated Upper-air Observing System (IUOS)
• Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
• Digital Services
• NWS Budget
2
Implementing an Integrated
Upper-air Observing System (IUOS)
Strategy and Roadmap
3
NOAA’s Observation System
Target Architecture
Target Architecture Principles:
• Utility
•Focus on societal benefits
•Requirements-based
•All data archived and
accessible
• Interoperability
•Full and open data sharing
•Standards-based
• Flexibility
•Leverages new technology
• Sustainability
•Build on existing systems
• Affordability
•Effectively use non-NOAA
systems
Partnerships
National
International
4
Background
Toward Integrated Observing Systems
• Need for improved and cost-effective observations of Earth system driving
plans for integrated observing systems in NOAA, nationally, and globally
through GEOSS
• In NOAA, plans underway for integrated ocean (IOOS) and surface (ISOS)
observation systems
IOOS
ISOS
5
Background
Why IUOS?
• NOAA currently spends $100M/yr on upper-air observations
(not including satellites)
• Platforms and DMAC fragmented across LOs,
Programs, and Goals resulting in duplication
and cost-inefficiency
• New systems coming
• NPN refurbishment and expansion
• MDCRS/Water Vapor Sensing System (WVSS)
• Radiosonde Replacement System (RRS)
• PDM direction to begin eliminating
radiosonde/aircraft observation duplication
NOAA Investment/yr ($M) by System
Upper-air System
Average Annual Investment
Amount, FY08-12 ($M)
Aircraft Obs
4.86
Communications
6.69
GPS IPW
0.45
Lightning
0.75
Profilers
11.21
Radar
46.99
Radiosondes
14.02
Adaptive Obs
14.30
Total
99.27
• Radars, UAS, Satellites, …
• Plan is needed for integrated upper-air observation system (IUOS)
supporting NOAA mission linked to IOOS and ISOS
6
What is IUOS?
Definition
• Complete network (including DMAC) of all upper-air observation
systems available to NOAA regardless of:
• parameter,
Aircraft Observations over U.S.
• data quality,
• ownership,
• timeliness, or
• redistribution rights
7
What is IUOS?
Mission and Requirements Space
• IUOS Mission: Cost-effectively meet existing NOAA upper-air
observation requirements; and future validated requirements for:
• Improved spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution
• New observations of environmental parameters
• Data Management and Communications (DMAC)
• Upper-air observation requirements space:
IUOS part of GEOSS
• Geographical Extent: Global
• Vertical Extent: 10 m above surface to Sun
• Temporal Range: Warnings to
Global Climate Change Prediction
• Parameters: Winds, temperature, pressure,
moisture, air chemistry, reflectivity, aerosols, biology, ….
8
What is IUOS?
Solution Characteristics
• IUOS solution characteristics – Future IUOS will be:
• Adaptable, extensible, stable, continuous, and quality assured
• Cost-effective – avoid unnecessary duplication
• Serving multi-purposes - including driving Earth-system models
• Consistent with/component of USGEO and GEOSS
• Final Operating Capability:
IUOS Platforms and Sensors
• “Optimal” mix of NOAA
and non-NOAA observation
platforms including both in situ
and remote sensors based on
NOSA Architecture Principles
9
Where are We?
Known Components of Future IUOS
• Radiosondes with GPS (RRS) -- completed by FY 08
• Aircraft
Aircraft Obs
(MDCRS) Routes
• 1700 aircraft (MDCRS) today expanding to 2000 by FY 12
• 25 aircraft with WVSS today expanding to 1135 by FY 12
• NOAA directing elimination of redundancies between radiosondes
and aircraft observations starting in FY 08
• Refurbished/expanded NOAA Profiler Network (NPN)
Profilers
• Completed by FY 09
• IOOS expanding NPN to coastal areas in FY 07
• Satellite evolution will occur, but details unclear
• GPS IPW, UAS, Phased Array radar, and
other new technologies on/over horizon
Existing NOAA Profilers
Potential New IOOS Profilers
10
How will we get there?
Implementation Strategy -- Phased
In the context of existing observing systems…
• Phase 1: Integrate In Situ Regional Soundings (IOC – FY08)
•
Platforms: Radiosondes, aircraft (MDCRS, WVSS, TAMDAR)
•
DMAC: Ensure compliance with GEO-IDE Principles and Standards
W&W/NWS Lead
Other NOAA Lead
– ditto in subsequent phases
• Phase 2: Integrate Regional Soundings (IOC – FY10)
•
Platforms: Phase 1+ Profilers (NPN), Cooperative Agency Profilers (CAP),
GPS Integrated Precip. Water (IPW), Satellite Soundings and IPW
• Phase 3: Integrate Regional Radar Observations (IOC – FY12)
•
Platforms: Phase 2+NEXRAD, TDWR, Dual Pol, Phased Array, Other Radars (e.g.,
Commercial, CASA)
IUOS Components
Satellite
Radar
Adaptive
In Situ
• Phase 4: Integrate Adaptive Observations (IOC – FY 14)
•
Platforms: Phase 3+G-IV, P-3, UAS
• Phase 5: Integrate Use of Future Satellite Observations (IOC – FY 16)
•
Platforms: Phase 4+GOES-R, NPOESS, Other satellites
11
How will we get there?
System Roadmap for Phases 1-3
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
15
27
45
57
69
78
78
78
Phase 1 – In Situ Sndgs
Radiosonde
RRS
Aircraft (MDCRS)
2000 2000
1500 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950
25
Aircraft w/Water Vapor
35
160
1-for-1 RAOB/Aircraft Obs
5
Phase 2 – Int Region Sndgs
Profilers
Profilers - 449 MHz Sites
285
22
460
30
38
46
FY15 Actual # 1-for1 stns determined
52
By In Situ Sndg Strategy
43
FY15 Actual # profilers required
80
determined by Int. Reg. Sndg
43
ESA Galileo IOC FY08
35
35
35
35
37
40
4
4
14
30
37
40
43
4
2
50
50
50
4
10
?
?
Radar (Dual Pol)
50
50
50
?
?
?
?
38
98
148
158
R&D Sites
PAR
T-Bed
Operational
Sites
100% Complete
PAR
PAR
T-Bed T-Bed
Radar (Phased Array)
Radar (Other, NetRad/CASA)
4
4
8
FYXX Actual # GPS-Met IPW
200 Determined by Int. Reg. Sndg
50
Phase 3 – Int Radar
Radar (FAA TDWR)
Communications and
Optimization Unfunded
52
35
50
FY15
1600
FY06 Earmark funds all 102
stations for RRS upgrade
1135
43
50
102
885
635
Buoy Mounted Profilers
GPS IPW
92 NWS, 10 Caribbean
12
PAR
PAR
T-Bed T-Bed
OK
T-Bed
OK
T-Bed
OK
T-Bed
FYXX
# FAA TDWRs Determined by
45
Int Radar Strategy
12
Phase 1: Radiosonde/
WV Aircraft Obs
PDM Guidance
• In FY06:
• Evaluate model response to watervapor sensor derived data
• Evaluate implications of
– forecasters using different data
source and,
– reaction of broader US weather
enterprise.
• Use evaluation to develop plan for
implementation
• In FY08: Begin eliminating
redundant capability for weather
observations
PDM Guidance ($M)
FY 08
-2
FY 09
-2
FY 10
-3
FY 11
-3
FY 12
-3
13
Phase 1: One-for-One
(Radiosonde vs. WVSS)
Sounding Exchange
• Leverage aircraft water vapor sensor profile
• Utilizes vertical data sets from ascent & descent of aircraft
– Obtains higher resolution observations
• Reduce total number of launches of Radiosondes
• Target sites outside of Climatological Requirements
• Targeted sites will launch 1 per day
– Allows limited specials for severe weather and other discrete events
• Saves $’s by reducing expendables
14
Phase 1: One-for-One
(Radiosonde vs. WVSS)
Sounding Exchange
Estimated Cost Savings
One Radiosonde Launch Eliminated per Day
Items
Consumable
Radiosonde
Supplies 1/
Number of Sites
Subtotal
Number of Days
Total Savings
FY 08
FY 09
FY 10
FY 11
FY 12
$180
22
3,960
365
1,445,400
$180
30
5,400
365
1,971,000
$180
38
6,840
365
2,496,600
$180
48
8,640
365
3,153,600
$180
52
9,360
365
3,416,400
1/ Limited to costs for expendable supplies such as helium, balloon, parachute, etc
Labor costs not included
15
NOAA IUOS
Current Data Management Capacity
• Observing system architecture and data management are
fragmented across LOs, Mission Goals, and Programs
Sensors
GOES/POES
NPN
NLDN
WSR-88D
ASOS Ceilometer
GPS IPW
Radiosonde
System Monitoring
SOC
NPN Hub
Vaisala
ROC
AOMC
NPN Hub
WFO, Gateway,
GCOS-GUAN
MDCRS
Air Carriers, ARINC
P-3, G-IV
AOML, OMAO
PIREPS/AIREPS RTVS, ARMS
QC/QA
SOC
NPN Hub
Vaisala
WFO, RFC, ROC
WFO, AOMC
NPN Hub
WFO, NCEP, Gateway
NCDC
NCEP, MADIS
NCEP, AOML
NCEP, NCDC
Distribution
GOES/POES, NOAAPORT
MADIS, NOAAPORT
Vaisala, NOAAPORT
AWIPS WAN, NOAAPORT
NOAAPORT
NPN Hub
NOAAPORT, GTS
NCDC
ARINC, NOAAPORT
FTP, NOAAPORT
NCEP, NCDC
Archive
NCDC
NCDC/FSL
Vaisala
NCDC
NCDC
FSL
NCDC
FSL
NCDC
NCDC
16
NOAA IUOS
End State: Data Management
Functionally Streamlined
System Component
1. Satellites
Research Satellites
NPOESS/GOES-R
2. Radar/VHF/Lidar
NPN
WSR-88D, TDWR
GPS IPW
Radiometer
ASOS Ceilometer
Lightning Data (NLDN)
NetRad/Commercial Radar
3. In Situ Sensors
Radiosonde
AMDAR/MDCRS/TAMDAR
ASAP * Data Continuity/Calibration
PIREPS/AIREPS
4. Targeting/Adaptive Sensors
P-3. G-IV, UAS
SFMR
Driftsondes
Dropsondes
System Monitoring
Satellite Ops Center
* Integrated QC/QA
* Metadata
* Data Continuity/Calibration
* Performance Monitoring
Terrestrial Remote
Sensing Monitoring Center
* Integrated QA/QC
* Metadata
* Data Continuity/Calibration
* Performance Monitoring
Distribution
NOAAPORT
NOAA Central Portal
NNDC E-commerce
NNDCs/SAA
Archive
NNDCs
In Situ Monitoring Center
* Integrated QA/QC
* Metadata
* Performance Monitoring
Adaptive Obs Monitoring Center
* Integrated QA/QC
* Metadata
* Data Continuity/Calibration
* Performance Monitoring
* Targeting/Uncertainty
17
Integrated Ocean Observing System
(IOOS) Update
18
IOOS: According to Ocean.US
The IOOS is a coordinated national and international network of
observations and data transmission, data management and
communications (DMAC), and data analyses and modeling that
systematically and efficiently acquires and disseminates data and
information on past, present and future states of the oceans and
U.S. coastal waters to the head of tide.
- From the IOOS Development Plan
[Adopted by ICOSRMI]
19
Background – IOOS the Big
Picture

The US Ocean Action Plan calls for IOOS

GEOSS is a comprehensive, coordinated,
and sustained international network of
observations

IOOS is the US contribution to GOOS
which is the ocean component of GEOSS
•
The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System Development Plan is an Interagency
Committee on Ocean Science and Resource Management Integration (ICOSRMI) plan
•
AGM for FY 08-12: NOAA must “manage Earth observations on a global scale, ranging
from atmospheric, weather, and climate observations to oceanic, coastal, and marine
life observations”
•
IOOS is designated as a NOAA Major Project:
• NOC and NOSC oversight
• Manager: Dave Zilkoski; Deputy: Mike Johnson; DMAC Focal Point: Kurt
Schnebele
20
IOOS Components
•
U.S. IOOS has three interdependent subsystems:
•
Observing (Global and Coastal components)
Partners:
•
Data Management & Communication (DMAC)
•
Modeling and Analysis
Federal
Agencies
 NOAA
 NSF
 Navy
 NASA
 EPA
 USGS
 MMS
 USACE
Coastal Ocean
Component
Global Ocean
Component
National
Backbone
Regional
Observing
Systems
GoA
GLs NE
NW
MA
C&No
Cal
SE
Pac
So
Isl
Go
Cal
Mex
DMAC*
Regional
Associations
State Agencies
WMO/IOC
* Ocean Component of NOAA GEO IDE
21
NOAA’s IOOS Observing Systems
By NOAA Mission Goal (As defined in the
NOAA Observing System Architecture)
Global
Climate








Total Systems: 8
IOOS Arctic Observing System
IOOS Argo Profiling Floats*
IOOS Drifting Buoys
IOOS Ocean Carbon Networks*
IOOS Ocean Reference Station*
IOOS Ships of Opportunity
IOOS Tide Gauge Stations
IOOS Tropical Moored Buoys
Commerce & Transportation
•
Hydrographic Surveys (includes bathymetry)
•
National Current Observations
•
National Water Level Obs. Network (NWLON)
•
Phy. Oceanographic Real Time Sys. (PORTS)
•
Shoreline Surveys
Weather & Water





Coastal Marine Automated Network (C-MAN)
DART
Voluntary Observing Ships
Weather Buoys
SEAWIFS*
Coastal
Ecosystems













Total Systems: 23
Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP)*
Coral Reef Ecosystem Integrated Observing
System (CREIOS)
Commercial Fisheries-Dependent Data
Economic/ Sociocultural Observing System*
Ecosystem Surveys
Fish Surveys
National Observer Program
Protected Resource Surveys
Recreational Fisheries-Dependent Data
System-Wide Monitoring Program (SwiM) for
Marine Sanctuaries*
System-Wide Monitoring Program (SWMP) for
National Estuarine Research Reserves
Passive Acoustics Observing System*
National Status and Trends Program*
Mission Support



NOAA Ships
NOAA Aircraft*
NOAA Satellite (managed outside of IOOS)
* - NOAA is working to update Interagency IOOS
documentation
22
IOOS Observing Subsystem:
Global Component

Designed to meet climate
requirements but also supports:











Weather prediction
Global and coastal ocean prediction
Marine hazards warning
Transportation
Marine environment and ecosystem
monitoring
Naval applications
Homeland security
Objectives are well defined with
GPRA performance measures.
Well coordinated nationally and
internationally.
System 55% complete.
NOAA capacities:





$43.5 million
19 centers of expertise
151 people
Office of Climate Observation - a
demonstration project directly applicable
to the IOOS Project.
NOAA contributes 53% of the present
international effort.







IOOS Tide gauge stations
IOOS Drifting Buoys
IOOS Tropical Moored Buoys
IOOS Argo Profiling Floats
IOOS Ships of Opportunity
IOOS Ocean Reference
Stations
IOOS Ocean Carbon Networks





IOOS Arctic Observing System
Dedicated Ship Support
Data & Assimilation
Subsystems
Management and Product
Delivery
Satellites (managed outside of
IOOS)
23
IOOS Observing Subsystem
Components: Coastal ComponentNational Backbone

Designed to meet IOOS
societal goals and all 5
NOAA Mission Goals





Also supports other agency
and partner efforts to manage
our Nation’s oceans, coasts,
and Great Lakes
Coordinated nationally and
regionally focusing on
partnerships.
System 25 – 35% complete.
Better defining objectives
and working on developing
strong GPRA measures.
NOAA capacities:





~$600M - $700M support
IOOS
~$55M/year is for
integration efforts
24 programs contribute,
8-9 major contributors
Project Office in NOS AA’s
office coordinates NOAAwide activities
NOAA contributes 55 65% of the present
national effort.
24
IOOS Data Management and
Communications Subsystem:
DMAC Definition
The IOOS is a coordinated national and international network of observations and data
transmission, data management and communications (DMAC), and data analyses
and modeling that systematically and efficiently acquires and disseminates data and
information on past, present and future states of the oceans and U.S. coastal waters
to the head of tide.
- From the IOOS Development Plan
[Adopted by ICOSRMI]
The DMAC is: Information technology infrastructure such as
national backbone data systems, regional data centers, and
archive centers connected by the Internet, and using shared
standards and protocols.
- From the DMAC Plan (March 2005)
25
IOOS DMAC Subsystem
Observation/Measurement Collection
Data Transmission
DMAC
IOOS
Primary data assembly, real-time quality control
Interoperable real-time distribution
Delayed mode (ecosystems, climate) data
assembly, quality control
Archive & access
Creating information products
Users: requirements & feedback
26
NWS Digital Services Update
27
Current Capability
Production
Operational elements:
• Maximum Temperature
• Minimum Temperature
• Temperature
• Dew Point
• Probability of Precipitation
• Weather
• Wind Direction
• Wind Speed
• Apparent Temperature *
• Relative Humidity *
*
Experimental elements:
• QPF
• Snow Amount
• Sky Cover
• Significant Wave Height
Operational & experimental
elements available for
CONUS, Puerto Rico/
Virgin Islands, Hawaii, Guam
as of 3/15/06
28
Planned Enhancements
Add as experimental elements during the next 12 months:
• Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Speed Probabilities from the Tropical
Prediction Center
• National Convective Outlooks for Days 1 and 2 from the Storm
Prediction Center
• Fire Weather Forecast Parameters
• Elements for Alaska
29
Planned Enhancements
Improve over the next 12 months:
• Accuracy
– Expand Guidance
e.g., Gridded MOS, Downscaled GFS
– Produce Gridded Verification
– Generate Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis fields
• Resolution
– Provide NDFD forecast elements in 1-hour resolution for Days 1-3
– Separate files for Days 1-3 and Days 4-7
30
Planned Enhancements
Improve over the next 12 months:
• Availability (reliability)
– Transition to operational status XML web service
– Support operational status of NWS websites (99.9% uptime)
• Consistency
– Improve and standardize forecasters’ grid-editing tools
– Modify collaboration thresholds and better procedures
31
NWS Budget
• FY06 – NWS has a $51M deficit in a base operations budget of $610M
(labor is $480M or 79%)
Mitigation measures include:
10-15% labor reduction at NWS HQ
3% labor reduction in field
Defer new technology improvements and IT refresh
(e.g.,TDWR access)
Reductions in contracts/grants/travel/supplies/outreach
• FY07 - PB Base operations $655M (labor is $491M or 75%)
Increases directed for buoys, tsunamis, facilities
Deficit projected at $30M in President’s budget
Expected deficit is at $40-$50M range due to unfunded pay
raises, earmarks, rescissions
32