Transcript Chem 160 - Solano Community College

Chem 160
Chapter 8
Chemical Nomenclature
Classification of Compounds
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Chemical nomenclature
IUPAC rules
Generalizations for ionic vs. molecular
compounds
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Metal with nonmetals
Nonmetal with other nonmetals
NH4+ exception
Metalloids
Types of Binary Ionic Compounds
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Fixed-charge
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Variable-charge
Nomenclature for Binary Ionic
Compounds
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Metal ions
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Fixed-charge
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Variable-charge
Nonmetal ions
Nomenclature for Binary Ionic
Compounds (cont’d)
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Fixed-charge binary ionic compounds
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KCl
MgO
Li2S
ZnBr2
Variable-charge binary ionic compounds
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CuO
Cu2O
FeO
Nomenclature for Binary Ionic
Compounds (cont’d)
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Variable-charge binary ionic compounds –
(-ic, -ous) system
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Metal has two common charges
Iron (III) chloride
Copper (I) fluoride
Stannic bromide
Fe203
Tin (II) fluoride
Nomenclature for Ionic Compounds
Containing Polyatomic Ions
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Common polyatomic ions
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charge
4 exceptions with –ide suffix
-ate vs. –ite suffix
ions with and without H
replacement of O with S (thio- prefix)
Names of ionic compounds
Naming Polyatomic-Ion-Containing
Compounds
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Na3PO4
Fe(NO3)3
Cu2SO4
NH4CN
FeCO3
Sn(OH)2
Nomenclature for Binary Molecular
Compounds
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Two nonmetallic elements
Nomenclature
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Less electronegative element first
2nd element take suffix –ide
Numerical prefix indicates the number of atoms
of each nonmetal
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
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N2O3
PF3
S4N4
SiCl4
Na2CO3 – disodium carbon trioxide
MgClx
Problem 8.129
S20
P4S6
Nomenclature for Acids
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Hydrogen-containing molecular compound
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Acids: HCl, H2S, HNO3, H2SO4
Non-acids: NH3, CH4, SiH4
H2O, not considered an acid
-ide rule
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the prefix hydrothe stem of the name of the negative ion
the suffix –ic
the word acid
Nomenclature for Acids (cont’d)
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-ate rule
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negative ion less the –ate ending
the suffix –ic
the word acid
-ite rule
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negative ion less the –ite ending
the suffix –ous
The word acid
Naming Acids
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H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
HCl (g)
Hydrogen chloride gas
HNO3
Nitric acid
HI
Hydroiodic acid
Naming Acids - cont’d
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HCN
Hydrocyanic acid
H3PO4
Phosphoric acid
H3PO3
Phosphorous acid
Naming Acids – cont’d
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Chloric acid
HClO3
Chlorous acid
HClO2
Nitrous acid
HNO2
Naming Acids – cont’d
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Hydrosulfuric acid
H2S
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Carbonic acid
H2CO3
Summary of Nomenclature Rules
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Ionic or molecular
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If ionic, binary or polyatomic
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If molecular, acid or nonacid