Human Resource Management
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Transcript Human Resource Management
Leadership
“Crowd will follow a leader who marches
twenty steps in advance; but if he is a
thousand steps in front of them, they do not
see & do not follow him”
Leadership
Ability to influence people toward the
attainment of organizational goals
The creative and directive force of morale
The process of influencing an organized group toward
accomplishing its goals
The Process by which an agent induces a subordinate to
behave in a desired manner
An interpersonal relationship in which others comply
because they want to, not because they have to
Leadership is a complex phenomenon involving the leader,
the followers, and the situation.
This chapter explores……….
Define Leadership
Differences between Leader & Manager
Sources of Leader power
Leadership traits
Autocratic Vs Democratic
New Leadership styles
Transformational, charismatic, interactive
Definition:
The ability to influence people toward the attainment of
goals.
Aspects of Leadership:
People
Influence
Goals
“Remember the difference between a boss & a
leader a boss says GO!- a leader says “Lets Go”
One of the four primary function tasks of
managers is LEADING
Leadership is a key ingredient in effective
management / Managerial level at all levels
When Leaders are effective
Subordinates or followers are highly motivated, committed & high
performing
Difference Between Leaders & Managers
Manager
Leader
Administrates
Maintains
Short-range view
Asks How & When
Does things Right
Focuses on System &
Structure
Planning, controlling, efficiency, procedure
regulation, control & consistency
Innovates
Develops
Long-range view
Asks What & Why
Does the Right Thing
Focuses on People
Risk taking, dynamic, creativity,
change, vision
Leadership Vs Management
Leader VS Manager
Create Vision
Mission for Org
Implement vision
Involves having a vision of
what the Org can become
Management relies on
universal skills such as
planning, budgeting and
controlling
Management powers
comes from organizational
structure
Leadership power comes
from personal sources
(Contd)…..
The main difference between them is of POWER
Power: The potential ability to influence the behavior of
others.
Within Organization, there are typically five sources of power;
One can have power without even using ?
“Power does not need to be exercised in order to have its effects”
“You Don’t Lead By Hitting People Over The Head- That’s
Assault, Not Leadership”
Position Power
Power that comes from the Organization
Managers position gives him/her power to
REWARD or PUNISH subordinates in order
to influence their behavior
These powers are used by managers to
change employee behavior
Legitimate
Reward
Coercive
Personal Power
Personal power comes from internal sources,
such as specialized knowledge or personality
characteristics
Personal power is the tool of the leader
Subordinates follow a leaders because of the
RESPECT, ADMIRATION or CARING they
feel for the individual & his/her ideas
Expert
Referent
Types of Power
Position Power
Legitimate
Reward
•Compliance
•Resistance
Personal Power
Expert
Commitment
Referent
Coercive
Strong leadership under weak management is no better
Legitimate Power
Leader has authority because he has been
assigned a particular role in an Org
Boss assign projects
Coach decides who plays
Teacher assigns homework & awards
“ Legitimate authority & Leadership are not the same thing”
Example ?
Reward Power
The power to give or withhold rewards ( pay raises,
bonuses, promotion recommendations, interesting
job assignments)
Greater the number or rewards a manager controls
and the more important the rewards are to
subordinates, greater is the managers reward power
Managers can use rewards to influence subordinates
behavior
Coercive Power
Authority to punish or recommend punishment
Ability to control others through fear of
punishment
Managers having a right to demote, fire or criticize
employees
Examples: Army court-martialing Soldiers
Employers firing lazy workers
Example : 24/7 Get rid of him
Expert Power
Power of knowledge & potential to influence
others through their relative expertise in
particular field
Surgeon influence in hospital
Mechanic influence of peers
Bill Gates has expertise in software design
Referent Power
Potential influence due to strength of the relationship btw
the leader & the follower
Leaders who are likeable & whom subordinates wish to use
as role model are especially likely to posses REFERENT
POWER
Examples: Students response to likely teacher would be diff
than less popular teacher:
Buddy ryan fired as head couch of Philadelphia football
team…… Players expressed fierce loyalty to him “ We’d do
things for Buddy that we wouldn’t do for another coach, I
‘d sell my body 4 Buddy”
That’s Referent Power
Leadership
Autocratic VS Democratic Leadership
Leadership Traits
Traits are distinguishing qualities or
characteristics of a person, such as
intelligence, values & appearance
Relationship between personal traits &
leaders success ?
3 Football coaches have diff personality
traits, but all are successful leaders of their
football programs
Traits of a Good Leader
Honesty - Display sincerity, integrity in all your actions. Deceptive
behavior will not inspire trust.
Competent - Your actions should be based on reason and moral principles.
Forward-looking Set goals and have a vision of the future.
Inspiring –
Display confidence in all that you do. Take charge when necessary.
Intelligent - Read, study, and seek challenging assignments
Autocratic VS Democratic Leaders
A leader who tends to
centralize authority and
rely on legitimate,
reward & coercive
power to manage
subordinates
Retain most of the
authority to themselves
Task oriented
A leader who delegates
authority to others,
encourages
participation & relies
on expert and referent
power to manage
subordinates
Autocratic VS Democratic Leaders
Groups with Autocratic
style of leadership
performs well as the leader
was present to supervise
them
However group members
displeased– close
supervision & feelings of
hostility frequently arose
Group performance almost
as good, even performed
well the leader was absent
and left the group on its
own
Empowerment of lower
employees is popular trend
in companies today
Boss centered or Subordinate centered
depends on Organizational circumstances
Time pressure---takes too long for
subordinates to learn how to make decisionsAutocratic style –
Skill difference —Greater the skill diff more
autocratic the leader approach
New Leadership Approaches
Transactional Leader
Charismatic Leader
Transformational Leader
Interactive Leaders
Servant Leaders
Transactional Leadership
A leader who clarifies subordinates role and
task requirements, initiates structure, provide
rewards and display consideration for
subordinates
Leadership that motivates subordinates high
performance & punish them for low
performance ----- not making any kind of
dramatic changes
Transactional Leadership
Where leaders & followers are in some
type of exchange relationship in order to
get needs met
“Example: superior give rewards to sales
person for increasing monthly sales”
Charismatic Leaders
A leaders ability to motivate subordinates to do
more than normally expected
An enthusiastic, self confident leader able to clearly
communicate his or her vision of how good things
could be
Have an emotional impact on subordinates
Have a vision, masterful communication skills,
inspire trust, make group members feel capable &
have high energy
Tend to emerge during crises
Bill Gate:-Despite his wide appeal, many consider
Gates to be brash, out spoken too ail controlling &
obsessed with demolishing the competition
( Still his name surfaces frequently in discussions of charisma )
Richard Branson:- Imaginative entrepreneur
To him risking life is part of doing business
Dresses like Maverick
“ Keeping up with Richard is almost impossible,
Ideas constantly pop out of his brain”
The dark side of charismatic
leadership
Some believe that charismatic leadership can
be exercised for evil purposes
Observed that some are unethical and lead
their Org toward illegal & immoral ends
Transformational Leadership
A leader distinguish by a special ability to
bring about innovation and change
businesses today “overmanaged & underled”- “Org
complexity” , “productive change”
TL balance the demands of both
Have their eyes on the bigger picture of how
much better things could be in their Org
Transformational leadership is precisely what
developing countries need in order to change
their current situation & advance to the next
level
Interactive Leaders
Women move into higher positions in organizations, they
often possess a diff leadership style
A leader who is concerned with consensus building, is open
and inclusive and encourages participation
Leadership that believes that the best performance results
when people are excited about their work and feel good
about themselves
This style is not limited to women, male managers are
learning to adopt this style by developing their skills in
attention to non verbal behavior, empathy, cooperation,
collaboration & listening
Servant Leaders
A leader who works to fulfill subordinates needs and
goals as well as to achieve the organizations larger
mission
Sam Walton of Wal-Mart’s corporate culture was to
lead from the top but run from the bottom ( provide
workers with whatever they need to serve the
customers- info, inspiration & then get out of the
way)
Great leaders are those who serve others
Leadership is about serving the community not
about exercising power and enjoying privilege
Do women managers lead in
different ways than men?
Are male or female managers
more effective as leaders ?
Summary