Transcript Document
MN201
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR CHAPTER 9
P OWER A ND T HE W I NFLUENCE ORKPLACE I N
GROUP
Lecturer: Mr. LONG BUNTENG Prepared By: Mr. Hou Heng
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Define the meaning of power and counter power.
Describe the five bases of power in organizations.
Explain how information relates to power in organization.
Discuss the four contingencies of power.
Summarize the eight types of influence tactics.
Discuss three contingencies to consider when deciding which influence tactic to use.
Distinguish influence from organizational politics.
Describe the organization conditions and personal characteristics that support organization politics.
Identify ways to minimize organizational politics.
T
HE M
EANING
OF
P
OWER
Power is the capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others.
Counter power is the capacity of a person, team, or organization to keep a more powerful person or group in the exchange relationship.
Person A Counter Power Power Person B Person B`s goal
S OURCES OF P OWER IN O RGANIZATIONS
Legitimate Power
Agreement among organizational members.
Reward Power
The person`s ability to control allocation of rewards valued by others.
Coercive Power
The ability to apply punishment.
S OURCES OF P OWER IN O RGANIZATIONS
Expert Power
Individual`s or work unit`s capacity to influence others by possessing knowledge.
Referent Power
When others identify with them, like them, or otherwise respect them.
Information and Power
Employees gain power by controlling the flow of information that others need.
C
ONTINGENCIES OF
P
OWER
Substitutability
Refers to the availability of alternatives.
Power is strongest when someone has a monopoly over a valued resource.
Centrality
The degree and nature of interdependence between powrholder and others.
Discretion
The freedom to exercise judgment.
To make decisions without referring to a specific rule or receiving permission from someone else.
C
ONTINGENCIES OF
P
OWER
Visibility
Refers to the idea that power increases to the extent that a person`s or work unit`s competencies are known to others.
I
NFLUENCING
O
THERS
• • • Influence is any behavior that attempts to alter another person`s attitudes or behavior.
Types of Influence Tactics
Silent Authority: someone complies with a request.
Assertiveness: legitimate and coercive power to influence others.
Information Control: both.
involves explicitly manipulating others` access to information for the purpose of changing their attitudes or behavior, or
I
NFLUENCING
O
THERS
• • • • Coalition Formation: power of its members.
a group that attempts to influence people outside the group by pooling the resources and Upward Appeal: a type of coalition in which one of the members is someone with higher authority or expertise.
Ingratiation: any attempt to increase the extent to which a target person likes us or perceives that he or she is similar to us.
Persuasion: using logical arguments, facts, and emotional appeals to encourage people to accept a request or message.
I
NFLUENCING
O
THERS
• Exchange: the promise of benefits or resources in exchange for the target person`s compliance with your request.
The three ways that people react when others to influence them:
• • • Resistance Compliance Commitment
I NFLUENCE AND O RGANIZATIONAL P OLITICS
Organizational Politics is the behavior that others perceive as self-serving tactics for personal gain at the expense of other people and possibly the organization.
Organizational politics flourishes under the right conditions.
Employees apply political strategies to protect their valued resources, position, and self- image.
Machiavellian values is the belief that deceit is a natural and acceptable way to influence others and to achieve goal.
I NFLUENCE AND O RGANIZATIONAL P OLITICS
• • • •
Organizational politics can be minimized by
Providing clear rules for resource allocation.
Engaging in effective organizational change.
Supporting team norms and a corporate culture that discourage dysfunctional politics.
Having leaders who role model organizational citizenship rather than political savvy.
T HANK Y OU !!!