Transcript Document

WATER COOLING SYSTEM


The water cooling system for a slow speed diesel engine
consists of two separate circuits: one for cooling the
cylinder jackets, cylinder heads and turboblowers; the
other for piston cooling. A separate piston cooling
system is used to prevent any possibility of
contamination from piston cooling glands.
The jacket cooling system is a closed circuit. Water
passing from the engine returns through a cooler to the
circulating pump and then to the engine. A header or
expansion tank is placed at a sufficient height to allow
the venting and water make-up in the system. This has
connection from the engine discharge and to the pump
suction line. A heater is included with by-pass to warm
the engine prior to starting by circulating hot water.
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
The water cooling system for a slow speed diesel engine
consists of two separate circuits: one for cooling the
c_______ j________, cylinder _______ and t_____b______;
the other for p______ cooling. A separate piston cooling
system is used to prevent any possibility of contamination
from piston cooling g_____.
The jacket cooling system is a closed c______. Water
passing from the engine returns through a c______ to the
c_________ p_______ and then to the engine. A h_______ or
expansion tank is placed at a sufficient height to allow the
v________ and water make-up in the system. This has
connection from the engine d________ and to the pump
s________ line. A h_______ is included with by-pass to
warm the engine p______ to starting by circulating hot
water.
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The water cooling system for a slow speed diesel engine
consists of two separate circuits: one for cooling the
_________, __________ and ___________; the other for piston
cooling.
A separate piston cooling system is used to prevent any
possibility of contamination from __________.
The jacket cooling system is a __________.
Water passing from the engine returns through a cooler to
________________and then __________.
A header or ___________ is placed at a sufficient height to
allow the venting and water ______________.
This has connection from _____________ and to the pump
suction line.
A heater is included with by-pass to ___________prior to
starting _________________.
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
Water enters at the lower end of the jackets, passing up
to the cylinder covers and then to the exhaust valve
cages, if these are fitted. Some water is taken from the
discharge and passed through the turbo-charger
turbine cooling spaces, before returning to the main
discharge.
The piston cooling system pump draws from the supply
(or drain) tank passing water to the piston cooler and
then to the engine piston distribution manifold. The
return from these flows by gravity to the supply tank.
Arrangements may also be included for the return of
any leakage from the glands. This must first pass
through an oil separator and inspection tank. A steam
coil is fitted in the piston cooling water supply tank for
preparing the engine for sea.
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Water ________ at the lower end of the jackets, __________
up to the cylinder covers and then to the exhaust valve
cages, if these are fitted. Some water is taken from the
discharge and _________ through the turbo-charger turbine
cooling spaces, before _________ to the main discharge.
The piston cooling system pump ________from the supply
(or drain) tank _________ water to the piston cooler and
then to the engine piston distribution manifold. The return
from these _________ by gravity to the supply tank.
Arrangements may also be _________ for the return of any
leakage from the glands. This must first _________ through
an oil separator and inspection tank. A steam coil is
_________ in the piston cooling water supply tank for
_________ the engine for sea.
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Water enters at the lower end of the jackets, passing up to
the __________ and then to the exhaust valve ________, if
these are fitted. Some water is taken from the discharge
and passed through the turbo-charger turbine __________,
before returning to the __________ discharge.
The piston __________ pump draws from the supply (or
__________) tank passing water to the __________ and then
to the engine piston distribution __________.
The return from these flows by __________ to the supply
tank.
__________ may also be included for the return of any
leakage from the __________.
This must first pass through an oil __________ and
inspection tank.
A steam __________ is fitted in the _____ _____ _______
_________ for preparing the engine for sea.
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Water enters at the lower end of the jackets, passing up to
the cylinder covers and then __________ , if these are fitted.
Some water is taken from the discharge and passed
through ______________, before returning to the main
discharge.
The piston cooling system pump draws from the supply
(or drain) tank passing __________ and then to the engine
piston __________.
The return from these flows by gravity ______________.
Arrangements may also be included for __________ of any
leakage from __________.
This must first pass __________ and __________.
A steam coil is fitted in the piston cooling water supply
tank for _________________.
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All fresh water coolers are circulated with the salt (or raw)
water and have by-pass valve fitted. Thermostatic valves
are provided to regulate the flow of either the fresh water
or sea water and so control the temperature of water
passing through the engine. Fresh water pressure should
always be greater than that of the salt water to prevent any
possibility of salt water entering the engine system. To
reduce the corrosive action and inhibit the formation of
scale deposit in the system it is usual to provide some
form of water treatment.
Both jacket and piston cooling systems must have alarms
fitted to give warning of loss in pressure, high or low tank
level or, in some cases, excess of temperature.
On most engines the fresh water and sea water pumps are
both of the centrifugal type. They may be engine driven or
they may be separately driven by electricmotors.
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All fresh water c_______are circulated with the salt (or raw) water and
have b______ fitted. Thermostatic valves are provided to regulate the
flow of either the fresh water or _________ and so control the
temperature of water passing through the engine. Fresh water
p_________ should always be greater than that of the salt water to
p_________ any possibility of salt water entering the engine system.
To reduce the corrosive action and i_________ the formation of
s_______ d_______ in the system it is usual to provide some form of
water t__________.
Both jacket and piston cooling systems must have alarms fitted to
give w_________ of loss in pressure, high or low tank l_________ or, in
some cases, e__________ of temperature.
On most engines the fresh water and sea water pumps are both of
the c__________ t__________.
They may be engine d__________ or they may be separately driven by
e____________.
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All fresh water coolers are circulated with the salt (or raw) water
and have __________.
Thermostatic valves are provided to _________ either __________
or __________ and so _______________ of water passing through
the engine.
Fresh water pressure should always be greater _______________
water to prevent any possibility of salt water _______________.
To _______________ and inhibit the formation of scale deposit in
the system it is usual to provide _______________.
Both jacket and _______________ must have alarms fitted to give
warning of _______________, high or low tank level or, in some
cases, _______________ temperature.
__________________ the fresh water and sea water pumps are both
of the _____________ type.
They may be engine driven or they may be _______________.
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Which parts of the diesel engine require cooling ?
Why is cooling necessary ?
How is cooling for a slow speed diesel engine carried out ?
When is a cooling system said to be of a closed type ?
Why is the water cooling system fitted with a header tank ?
What is the purpose of the heater ?
Is the water for piston cooling also drawn from the header
tank ?
Is the sea water the primary cooling medium in the
system ?
What are the thermostatic valves provided for ?
Why must cooling water be adequately treated ?
What alarms should the cooling system be supplied with ?
What are the fresh and sea water pumps driven by ?
I.
Complete the sentences by choosing the
correct ending:
4.
A centrifugal or axial flow type pump that
supplies cooling water to mwchinery is
known as the:
1.
In a closed cooling system the water leaving
the engine jacket is:

extract pump.

circulating pump.

not returned to the engine at all .

feed pump.

recirculated without exposure to air.

Exposed to air before being recirculated.
5.
2.
In the cooler salt water pressure should
always be
The hard deposit that forms on inside of
boilers, water-pipes or on exposed ferrous
metals is named:

rust.
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lower than fresh water pressure.

scale.
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equal to fresh water pressure.
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soot.
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greater than fresh water pressure.
6.
The contririvance that diverts the circulation
of a fluid (water, oil, or gas) as in the water
cooling system where part of the hot water
off the engine is returned to the inlet piping
to supply the engine with water at a
controlled temperature is the:

regulating valve.

by-pass system.

feed piping.
3.
The secondary cooling medium used to
extract heat from the primary coolant by
passing through the heat exchanger is

air.

fresh water.

raw water.
II.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Match the statements in column A with the right terms listed at random in
column B:
A
Acessory that adjust the engine
cooling water to a constant
operating temperature.
Sleeve of soft material used
to secure a tight packing
on a piston.
A unit that transfers heat from
one fluid to another, as from
water or oil to water or air.
A container connected to an
engine cooling system, generally
at the highest point, partly filled
with water for venting and make up.
A device used to remove water and
other impurities from lubricating and
fuel oils.
A turbine driven air compressor
powered by the exhaust gas.
B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
DRAIN TANK
HEADER
HEATER
HEAT EXCHANGER
GLAND
THERMOMETER
THERMOSTAT
TURBO-BLOWER
DISTRIBUTION MANIFOLD
OIL SEPARATOR
III.
a.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
b.
c.
Study the Fig.14.2. showing a main engine cooling
system:
Make a list of the main components:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Describe the function of each of the components.
Explain the method of cooling shown in the diagram.
PROVIDE - Glagol “provide” jedan je od najčešćih glagola u tehničkim
tekstovima:
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Thermostatic valves are provided to
regulate the flow of either the fresh
water or the sea water.
To reduce the corrosive action and
inhibit the formation of scale
deposits in the system it is usual to
provide some form of water
treatment.
In order to compensate for air
which may become dissolved in the
water and released when heated, an
open tank is provided at the height
above the highest point of the
system.
U sistemu hlađenja su postavljeni
(ugrađeni, instalirani, nalaze se)
termostatski ventili radi reguliranja
protoka slatke ili morske vode.
Da bi se smanjilo djelovanje
korozije i spriječilo stvaranje
kamenca u sistemu, obično postoji
(se vrši) neka vrsta obrade vode.
Da bi se nadomjestio zrak koji
može biti otopljen u vodi i ispušten
kada se zagrije, na visini iznad
najviše točke sistema (hlađenja)
nalazi se (ugrađen je, montiran je,
instaliran je) otvoreni tank.
Glagol “provide” može se zamijeniti sa there is …, to fit, to
mount, to build in, to install, to supply, npr:
1.
2.
3.
a) There are thermostatic valves to regulate the flow of either the sea or the fresh
water.
b) Thermostatic valves are fitted (supplied, mounted, placed, installed, built in) to
regulate the flow of either the fresh or the sea water.
a) … in the systems, there is some form of water treatment.
b) … it is usual to install (fit) some form of water treatment.
a) … and released when heated, there is an open tank at the height above …
b) … and released when heated, an open tank is fitted (mounted, installed, built in,
placed) at the height above...

Te zamjene (there is, fit, mount, install, build in, supply) odgovaraju našim glagolima
“nalazi(e) se”, “postoji(e)”, “ugraditi”, “montirati”, “instalirati”, “postaviti”.

Glagol “provide” najčešće je u pasivnom obliku i označava postojanje ili položaj nečeg.
Osim toga glagol “provide” često znači i “dati”, “pružiti”, “osigurati”, (give, offer,
ensure):
1.
2.
Automatic sprinkler system provides the highest level of safety on board.
Automatski sprinkler-sistem pruža (daje) najveću sigurnost na brodu.
Slično je i sa imenicom “provision”:
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
The provision of a
water treatment
system was urgent.
Bilo je hitno ugraditi
(montirati, postaviti)
sistem obrade vode.
Provision must be
made for a new
water treatment
system. (kolokacija
“make provision
for”).
Mora se postaviti
(osigurati) novi sistem
obrade vode.
I.
Rearrange these sentences using the verb “provide”. Make also necessary changes.

Ex. There are doors on the cylinder casing, through which the water spaces may be
cleaned and inspected when overhauling the engine.
Doors are provided on the cylinder casing, through which the water spaces may be
cleaned and inspected when overhauling the engine.
1.
These manufacturers supply the piston rings which can be run in quickly.
Modern medium-speed engines are turbocharged.
There is a control bore in the cylinder cover to enable possible gas leakage to be
detected between the two parts of the cover.
The new maintenance system ensures higher reliability and lower costs.
On most engines sea water and fresh water pumps are fitted.
This design is termed the “coctailshaker”, the motion of the oil offering extremely good
heat transfer.
In the cylinder head there is an indicator for measuring the cylinder pressure.
The cylinder cover-insert is fitted with the necessary bore holes to accommodate the
valves.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
II.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Translate into English using the verb “provide”:
Na ulasku u cirkulacionu pumpu nalazi se filter
goriva.
Ovaj brod pruža najbolje uvjete života posadi.
Na jednom kraju klackalice nalazi se vijak za
podešavanje zračnosti ventila.
Ugradnjom manometra pritisak se može stalno
kontrolirati.
Većina srednjehodnih dizel motora izvedena je s
direktnim prekretanjem.
Na glavi cilindra montiran je i ventil uputnog
zraka.
Da bi se ležaj zaštitio od korozije oni imaju tanki
sloj indija ili olova.
1. HEAT SOURCES
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
 Heat developed by compression of air
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
 Heat developed by compression of air
 Frictional heat
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
 Heat developed by compression of air
 Frictional heat
2. HEAT DISTRIBUTION
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
 Heat developed by compression of air
 Frictional heat
2. HEAT DISTRIBUTION
 1/3 = converted into useful work ( transferred into mechanical energy /
BHP.
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
 Heat developed by compression of air
 Frictional heat
2. HEAT DISTRIBUTION
 1/3 = converted into useful work ( transferred into mechanical energy /
BHP.
 1/3 = lost as exhaust gases
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
 Heat developed by compression of air
 Frictional heat
2. HEAT DISTRIBUTION
 1/3 = converted into useful work ( transferred into mechanical energy /
BHP.
 1/3 = lost as exhaust gases
 1/3 = lost for cooling / absorbed by metallic walls of the combustion
chamber.
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
 Heat developed by compression of air
 Frictional heat
2. HEAT DISTRIBUTION
 1/3 = converted into useful work ( transferred into mechanical energy /
BHP.
 1/3 = lost as exhaust gases
 1/3 = lost for cooling / absorbed by metallic walls of the combustion
chamber.
3. OVERHEATING
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
 Heat developed by compression of air
 Frictional heat
2. HEAT DISTRIBUTION
 1/3 = converted into useful work ( transferred into mechanical energy /
BHP.
 1/3 = lost as exhaust gases
 1/3 = lost for cooling / absorbed by metallic walls of the combustion
chamber.
3. OVERHEATING
 Breakdown of L.O. film
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
 Heat developed by compression of air
 Frictional heat
2. HEAT DISTRIBUTION
 1/3 = converted into useful work ( transferred into mechanical energy /
BHP.
 1/3 = lost as exhaust gases
 1/3 = lost for cooling / absorbed by metallic walls of the combustion
chamber.
3. OVERHEATING
 Breakdown of L.O. film
 Loss in material strenght
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
 Heat developed by compression of air
 Frictional heat
2. HEAT DISTRIBUTION
 1/3 = converted into useful work ( transferred into mechanical energy /
BHP.
 1/3 = lost as exhaust gases
 1/3 = lost for cooling / absorbed by metallic walls of the combustion
chamber.
3. OVERHEATING
 Breakdown of L.O. film
 Loss in material strenght
 Excessive stresses due to unequal temperatures
1. HEAT SOURCES
 Burning of fuel
 Heat developed by compression of air
 Frictional heat
2. HEAT DISTRIBUTION
 1/3 = converted into useful work ( transferred into mechanical energy /
BHP.
 1/3 = lost as exhaust gases
 1/3 = lost for cooling / absorbed by metallic walls of the combustion
chamber.
3. OVERHEATING
 Breakdown of L.O. film
 Loss in material strenght
 Excessive stresses due to unequal temperatures
 Faliure to maintain proper clearances between running parts.
4. COOLANTS
4. COOLANTS
 Fresh water
4. COOLANTS
 Fresh water
 Luboil
4. COOLANTS
 Fresh water
 Luboil
5. COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE
4. COOLANTS
 Fresh water
 Luboil
5. COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE
5.1 The temperature should be kept as high as possible.
4. COOLANTS
 Fresh water
 Luboil
5. COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE
5.1 The temperature should be kept as high as possible.
5.2 If to high, it will cause boiling of water and formation of scale
deposits ( incrustration )
4. COOLANTS
 Fresh water
 Luboil
5. COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE
5.1 The temperature should be kept as high as possible.
5.2 If to high, it will cause boiling of water and formation of scale
deposits ( incrustration )
5.3 If to low, it will lead to condensation of combustion gases on the
liner surfaces.
4. COOLANTS
 Fresh water
 Luboil
5. COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE
5.1 The temperature should be kept as high as possible.
5.2 If to high, it will cause boiling of water and formation of scale
deposits ( incrustration )
5.3 If to low, it will lead to condensation of combustion gases on the
liner surfaces.
5.3.1 Product of condensation may:
4. COOLANTS
 Fresh water
 Luboil
5. COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE
5.1 The temperature should be kept as high as possible.
5.2 If to high, it will cause boiling of water and formation of scale
deposits ( incrustration )
5.3 If to low, it will lead to condensation of combustion gases on the
liner surfaces.
5.3.1 Product of condensation may:
 contain acids causing corrosion
4. COOLANTS
 Fresh water
 Luboil
5. COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE
5.1 The temperature should be kept as high as possible.
5.2 If to high, it will cause boiling of water and formation of scale
deposits ( incrustration )
5.3 If to low, it will lead to condensation of combustion gases on the
liner surfaces.
5.3.1 Product of condensation may:
 contain acids causing corrosion
 cause so called cold sludge in the L.O. increasing wear in all
moving parts
6. COOLING WATER TREATMENT & CONSEQUENCES
6. COOLING WATER TREATMENT & CONSEQUENCES
 If the cooling water is not properly treated, the closed cooling
systems may undergo fouling, formation of deposits ( preventing or
disturbing the heat transfer ). The deposit consists of loose sludge and
solid particles.
6. COOLING WATER TREATMENT & CONSEQUENCES
 If the cooling water is not properly treated, the closed cooling
systems may undergo fouling, formation of deposits ( preventing or
disturbing the heat transfer ). The deposit consists of loose sludge and
solid particles.
 Removal: mechanically ( first brushed or rinsed off with water ) or
chemically.
6. COOLING WATER TREATMENT & CONSEQUENCES
 If the cooling water is not properly treated, the closed cooling
systems may undergo fouling, formation of deposits ( preventing or
disturbing the heat transfer ). The deposit consists of loose sludge and
solid particles.
 Removal: mechanically ( first brushed or rinsed off with water ) or
chemically.
 Narrow spaces are chemically cleaned.
6. COOLING WATER TREATMENT & CONSEQUENCES
 If the cooling water is not properly treated, the closed cooling
systems may undergo fouling, formation of deposits ( preventing or
disturbing the heat transfer ). The deposit consists of loose sludge and
solid particles.
 Removal: mechanically ( first brushed or rinsed off with water ) or
chemically.
 Narrow spaces are chemically cleaned.
 Limestone deposits can be cleaned with acid solution.
6. COOLING WATER TREATMENT & CONSEQUENCES
 If the cooling water is not properly treated, the closed cooling
systems may undergo fouling, formation of deposits ( preventing or
disturbing the heat transfer ). The deposit consists of loose sludge and
solid particles.
 Removal: mechanically ( first brushed or rinsed off with water ) or
chemically.
 Narrow spaces are chemically cleaned.
 Limestone deposits can be cleaned with acid solution.
7. WATER COOLING SYSTEMS
6. COOLING WATER TREATMENT & CONSEQUENCES
 If the cooling water is not properly treated, the closed cooling
systems may undergo fouling, formation of deposits ( preventing or
disturbing the heat transfer ). The deposit consists of loose sludge and
solid particles.
 Removal: mechanically ( first brushed or rinsed off with water ) or
chemically.
 Narrow spaces are chemically cleaned.
 Limestone deposits can be cleaned with acid solution.
7. WATER COOLING SYSTEMS
 Large slow speed, two stroke engines have 2 separate closed
cooling circuits.
6. COOLING WATER TREATMENT & CONSEQUENCES
 If the cooling water is not properly treated, the closed cooling
systems may undergo fouling, formation of deposits ( preventing or
disturbing the heat transfer ). The deposit consists of loose sludge and
solid particles.
 Removal: mechanically ( first brushed or rinsed off with water ) or
chemically.
 Narrow spaces are chemically cleaned.
 Limestone deposits can be cleaned with acid solution.
7. WATER COOLING SYSTEMS
 Large slow speed, two stroke engines have 2 separate closed
cooling circuits.
 A header or expansion tank allows venting of the system. The
header has connections from engine discharge & pump suction line.
6. COOLING WATER TREATMENT & CONSEQUENCES
 If the cooling water is not properly treated, the closed cooling
systems may undergo fouling, formation of deposits ( preventing or
disturbing the heat transfer ). The deposit consists of loose sludge and
solid particles.
 Removal: mechanically ( first brushed or rinsed off with water ) or
chemically.
 Narrow spaces are chemically cleaned.
 Limestone deposits can be cleaned with acid solution.
7. WATER COOLING SYSTEMS
 Large slow speed, two stroke engines have 2 separate closed
cooling circuits.
 A header or expansion tank allows venting of the system. The
header has connections from engine discharge & pump suction line.
 A heater is fitted with by pass to warm the engine when necessary.
 Cylinder jacket system
 Cylinder jacket system
Water → lower end of the jacket → cylinder cover → exhaust valve cages
→ turbocharger → turbine cooling spaces → air separator → main
discharge.
 Cylinder jacket system
Water → lower end of the jacket → cylinder cover → exhaust valve cages
→ turbocharger → turbine cooling spaces → air separator → main
discharge.
 The piston cooling system
 Cylinder jacket system
Water → lower end of the jacket → cylinder cover → exhaust valve cages
→ turbocharger → turbine cooling spaces → air separator → main
discharge.
 The piston cooling system
Water → piston cooling tank → piston water cooler → piston cooling
connections → return by gravity to supply tank