Transcript Pew Sample 1

Less Crime at Lower Costs
Special Council on Criminal Justice Reform for Georgians
Public Safety Performance Project
October 2, 2012
Agenda
 Background
 State Examples: Less Crime at Lower Costs
 GA Juvenile Corrections: High Cost, Low Returns
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Public Safety Performance Project
 Protect public safety
 Hold offenders accountable
 Control corrections costs
Goal:
Help states get a better public safety return on
their corrections dollars
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Special Council : 2011 - 2012
 Special Council on Criminal Justice Reform for Georgians
created by General Assembly
 Council undertook:
» data-driven analysis of the adult system
» development of policy options and recommendations
 HB 1176 passed the General Assembly unanimously
 Gov. Nathan Deal signed legislation into law
Gov. Deal: “a model of how the legislative process
should work.”
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HB 1176
• Passed General Assembly unanimously.
• Averts projected 8 percent increase in prison population and
associated cumulative cost of $264 million over five years.
• Budget reinvests more than $17 million of the prison savings in
into measures designed to reduce reoffending.
Focus of HB 1176:
• Focus Prison Space on Serious Offenders
• Reduce Recidivism by Strengthening Probation and
Alternative Sentencing Options
• Relieve Local Jail Crowding
• Improve Performance Measurement
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Special Council: 2012-2013
 Governor extends the Special Council through Executive Order and
expands the membership.
 The state requests technical assistance from the Pew Center on the
States and the Annie E. Casey Foundation.
 State leaders charge the Special Council with identifying ways to:
» improve outcomes in the juvenile system
» develop fiscally sound, data-driven juvenile justice policies
» ensure Georgia’s tax dollars are used effectively and efficiently
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Phase I: Bipartisan, Inter-branch Process
Data Analysis / System Assessment
Policy Development
Stakeholder
Engagement
Consensus Building
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State Examples:
Less Crime at Lower Costs
Case Study: Ohio
Challenges:
 40% increase in the state’s juvenile custody population
spanning the 13 years leading up to 1992
 State’s juvenile institutions operated at 180% of capacity
 Many counties did not have the resources to supervise
juveniles locally
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Case Study: Ohio
Solution: RECLAIM Ohio
 Provides incentives to counties to develop and utilize communitybased alternatives
 Counties receive a formula based allotment, which is reduced for
each juvenile committed to an institution
 Counties receive the remaining funds to use in the community on
a monthly basis
 Targeted RECLAIM provides additional incentives for the six
counties that commit the most youth to the state
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Case Study: Ohio
1992
2011
Total average daily
facility population
Commitment rate for felony
adjudicated youth
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Case Study: Ohio
4 facility
closures save
As of 2009
in operational
expenses
in RECLAIM funds provided
to local counties
allocated to counties in FY2012 plus
$16.7M through Youth Services Grant
funded programs in 88 counties in
FY2011
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Case Study: Ohio
Cost Benefit Analysis
spent on a RECLAIM-funded local program
instead of placement saves the state
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Case Study: Ohio
Recidivism rates by risk and placement type in Ohio
Subsequent commitment rate
55
51 50
50
47 46
44
43
45
40
40
39
41
37
35
29
30
25
22
20
15
8
10
5
4
0
Low
Moderate
RECLAIM community supervision programs
Department of Youth Services (DYS) release
High
Very High
Risk level
Community Corrections Facility (CCF)
Department of Youth Services (DYS) discharge
Lowenkamp & Latessa (2005). Evaluation of Ohio’s RECLAIM Funded Programs
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Case Study: Texas
New funding to counties (2009-2012)
Total average daily facility
population (2007-2011)
Juvenile arrests (2007-2010)
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Georgia Juvenile Corrections:
High Cost, Low Returns
Georgia's Historical Juvenile
Disposed Population: Out-of-Home Youth
3,500
3,000
2,973
2,500
2,000
1,917
1,500
1,000
500
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
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High Cost
Annual State Cost of
Juvenile Placement vs. Education
1
$100,000
$90,000
$80,000
$70,000
$60,000
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
$20,000
$10,000
$0
$91,126 $88,155
$28,955
$4,326
$5,408
Non-Secure Community
K-12
Residential Supervision (per child)
(per child) (per child)
UGS
(per child)
$3,139
YDC
(per bed)
RYDC
(per bed)
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Low Return on Investment
Recidivism Rate:
All Committed Youth =
Youth Development Campuses =
GA Department of Juvenile Justice
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Key Findings
• Trends in Out-of-Home Youth
– Greater concentration of felons
– Increase in number of juveniles awaiting a long-term bed
– High percentage of low risk juveniles
– Non-Secure Residential: majority non-felony and non-violent, nearly
half are low risk
• Recidivism remains high, half are re-adjudicated within three years
– Regardless of setting, public safety outcomes for out-of-home not
improving
• Community-based options vary across the state
– DJJ spends more than 60% of its budget on out‐of-home
– Community‐based options are dependent upon location and funding
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Youth Out-of-Home: Offense Class
2002
Status
15%
Status
3%
2011
Misd
21%
Misd
28%
Felony
76%
Felony
57%
n = 2,652
n = 1,870
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Who is in the YDC?
Status
10%
2002
Misd
1%
2011
Misd
22%
Felony
68%
Felony
99%
n = 1,236
n = 619
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Youth Out-of-Home: Legal Status
1,400
1,200
1,000
76% Increase in DF
Out-of-Home
1,182
1,154
950
800
DF
Regular Commit
600
540
541
STP
400
311
200
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
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Youth in YDC: Offense Types
2002
2011
Violent (30.8%)
Violent (49.3%)
Property (29.8%)
Property (26.2%)
Public Order (10.0%)
Violent Sex (11.5%)
Violent Sex (8.4%)
Public Order (6.9%)
VOP/VOAC/VOAP (8.2%)
Weapons (3.1%)
Drug Use (4.7%)
VOP/VOAC/VOAP (1.9%)
Weapons (3.4%)
Drug Use (0.5%)
Drug Selling (2.0%)
Drug Selling (0.5%)
Status (1.6%)
Traffic (0.2%)
Sex Non-Violent (0.6%)
Traffic (0.5%)
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Georgia's Juvenile Population:
Youth Out-of-Home on June 30
1,600
1,450
1,400
1,200
YDC
Non-Secure Resid
1,000
RYDC
863
800
660
600
698
619
600
400
200
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
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Youth Out-of-Home: Risk Level
2004
2011
High
16%
High
19%
Low
40%
Low
42%
Medium
42%
n = 2,367
Medium
41%
n = 1,777
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Youth in YDC: Risk Levels
500
In 2011:
High = 25%
Medium = 37%
Low = 39%
450
400
350
300
High
250
Medium
Low
200
150
100
50
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
27
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Designated Felons in the YDC: Risk Levels
350
In 2011:
High = 24%
Medium = 37%
Low = 39%
300
250
200
High
Medium
150
Low
100
50
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
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Who is in the Non-Secure
Residential Placements?
2002
Status
8%
2011
Status
20%
Felony
45%
Felony
47%
Misd
45%
Misd
35%
n = 863
n = 584
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Non-Secure Residential: Risk Levels
600
In 2011:
High = 11%
Medium = 40%
Low = 49%
500
400
High
300
Medium
Low
200
100
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
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Recidivism for all Released Youth
All Youth
Percent
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
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Recidivism: Youth at the YDCs
6 percentage point
increase since 2003
YDC
Percent
90
80
70
60
50
YDC
40
30
20
10
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
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System Assessment: Key Finding on CommunityBased Options
• Community-based options vary across the state
– DJJ spends more than 60% of its budget on out‐of-home.
– Community‐based options are dependent upon location and funding
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Less Crime at Lower Costs
Special Council on Criminal Justice Reform for Georgians
Public Safety Performance Project
October 2, 2012
www.pewcenteronthestates.com