Transcript Перспективные технологии на основе элек

Kola Science Centre Russian Academy of Sciences
STRATEGY OF ELECTRIC-PULSE INSTALLATION DEVELOPMENT FOR
ELECTRICAL DISINTEGRATION OF MATERIALS
Anatoly USOV, Alexander POTOKIN
The authors of the report
Anatoly F. Usov
Diplomas and Titles
1962 M.Sc. (Energy) - Tomsk Polytechnical University, Dept. of Energy
1966 Ph.D. (Electrophysics) - Tomsk Polytechnical University,
Dept. of High Voltage Technics
1972 The senior research assistant - The USSR High Qualification Commission
Present position:
1975 – Head of Dept. Science Planning & Information services
at the Kola Science Centre of RAS, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
Publications: Author of more then 200 papers, 11 patents
Awards:
Yablotchkov Prize from the Russian Academy of Sciences (2003)
Research Interests:
Scientific researches and development on electric pulse destruction of geomaterials in mining, engineering
construction, for processing mineral raw material and technical materials.
Aleksander S. Potokin
Diplomas and Titles
Engineer of Radiophysics and Electronics - Petrozavodsk State University 2010
P.G. of the Kola Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences 2010
Research Interests:
Engineering and electric technology high voltages: new methods of destruction of
rocks and ores, including aspects of energy and resources and ecologization
processes of extraction and mineral processing, its complex use, recycling,
construction industry and electrical industry.
KOLA SCIENCE CENTRE
OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
RESEARCH INSTITUTES and CENTRES - 11
•Geological Institute
•Mining Institute
•Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare
Elements and Mineral Raw Materials
•Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems
•Murmansk Marine Biological Institute
•Polar Alpine Botanical Garden - Institute
•Institute of Economic Problems
•Polar Geophysical Institute
•Institute of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling
of Technological Processes
•Center of Physical and Technical Problems of the
Northern Energetics
•Barents Centre for the Humanities
•Total staff – 1500, Researches – 600, Dr.Sci., Ph.D. - 400
ACADEMIC CAMPUS IS A CORE OF APATITY CITY
KSC as key actor in high education sector of Apatity
Kola branch Petrozavodsk
University
Institute of Economy and
Management
Apatity division
Murmansk University
APATITY –
“CITY OF SCIENCE”
Scientific development of physical basis method
Yablochkov Prize (RAS 2003)
Kurets V.I., Semkin B.V., Usov A.F.
•Transient processes in electric pulse technology plants
(Usov A.F., Semkin B. V., Zinovjev N. T.). – L.: Sciense, 1987, 2nd edition: 2000, 160p. In
Russian
•The principles of electric pulse demolition of materials
(Semkin B. V., Usov A.F., Kurets V. I.). – Apatity: KSC RAS, 1995, 276 p. In Russian
•Electric pulse disintegration of materials(Kurets V. I., Usov A.F., Tsukerman V. A.). - Apatity:
KSC RAS, 2002, 324 p.) In Russian
Decisions of the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences of the year 02/10/2004.
These monographic publication laid the foundation for a new research
direction in Electrophysics - the physics of electrical explosion in
condensed matter and its technological applications for the
destruction of materials (Electropulse technology).
HERALD OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES T74, № 7, 2004
Main awards of International shows of innovations and investments
Researches :
New processes and technologies on electric pulse
method of the destruction material
Compact electric pulse disintegrator
International shows :
Moscow, 2002-Gold medal
Moscow, 2007- Gold medal
Spb, 2003- Gold medal
Spb, 2006-Diploma
for best innovation project
KSC RAS - one of the leading organizations in Russia and the world in
research electric pulse method of destruction of materials.
Since ancient times, people know this awesome natural
phenomenon like thunderstorm and lightning. They are scared of
primitive people, were the source of fire, destroyed the stone
buildings, split trees, hit people and animals.
Russian scientists suggested using electrical shocks to the
destruction of rocks, ores, and various industrial materials,
creating a "lightning" by artificial means using high-voltage pulse
generators.
Prospective possibilities of energy and technological efficiency electric
pulse (EP) method of destruction:
• reduction of energy intensity failure of materials by the pulsed character power impact
by efforts break and shift,
• optimization and unification of technical and technological schemes based on the use of
a transformed type of energy (electric),
• increasing resistance of rock cutting device with the additional energy input into an
object of destruction ("spark" is not blunts and do not wear out)
• new technological possibilities and effects caused by high degree of localization and
energy concentration, high temperature and pressure of the discharge channel.
Physical principle and scheme realization of the method
Fracture of solids (dielectrics, rock) by an electric spark when
electrical breakdown
Fundamentally important condition for realization of the method is
the use of pulsed high-voltage parameters (amplitude and
steepness pulse front / exposure time), at which the inversion of
the traditional relations of dielectric strength of solid dielectrics,
and liquid media, allowing "introduce" a discharge in a solid
body in a parallel system environments : solid-liquid interface.
Parameters:
Voltage level - more than 250 kV ,
Steepness pulse front of voltage:
300-500kV/mks (in a dielectric medium)
2000-3000 kV / ms (in water)
Energy - from the hundreds of J (drilling, cutting, crushing)
to a few kJ (destruction of reinforced concrete).
a) drilling of boreholes
b) cutting rocks
c) disintegration of materials
d) destruction of concrete
products
Medium surrounding the Destroyed material with current-supplying
electrodes perform in the process the role of an agent that
promotes electric breakdown of solids and provides a
technological function remove products of disintegration from
the area of implementation
Energy characteristics of destruction
Spark channel in a solid in the microsecond range is a high performance converter of
electrical energy in the work of destruction
• Electric pulse method destruction provides:
direct transformation electrical energy in the work of destruction ;
high efficiency transfer of discharge energy into solid ;
efficient and low power destruction strong and super strong rock .
•Analysis of energy transformation in the system: the discharge circuit - the discharge channel
- solid body makes it possible to calculate the output indicators of destruction and justify the
best mode of implementation.
Energy intensity of well-boring. Joule/cm3 (kG·m/cm3)
Percussion boring
Rotary drilling:
Crusher boring
Diamond drilling
Percussive-rotary boring
Rotary –percussive boring
Explosive drilling
Hydraulic drilling
Electrohydraulic drilling
Electrothermal drilling
Electropulse drilling
Laser drilling
200-650 (20,4-66,3)
700-950 (71,4-96,8)
600-800 (61,2- 81,5)
400-600 (40,8-61,2)
600-800 (61,2-81,5)
200-400 (20,4-40,8)
1000-2000 (102-204)
400-500 (40,8-51)
5000 (510)
100-200 (10.2-20,4)
5000-12000 (510-224)
Drillability of rocks, mm3/joule (kG·m/cm3):
sandstone
limestone dolomitic
clay slate
marble
quartzite
granite coarse-grained
granite - porphyry
microdiorite
gabbro
late-tuff
galena-false ore
magnetite
1.05 (97.1)
0.97 (105.1)
0.87 (117)
0.86 (119)
0.76 (134)
0.68 (159)
0.58 (176)
0.48 (212)
0.34 (300)
0.1 (1020)
0.04 (2550)
non destruction
By energy efficiency EPD–method applied to the processes of mountain rocks with one free
surface (drilling, cutting, skinning) is more preferable than other method
The electric pulse discharge method of material destruction (EPD)
Well drilling
The EP-drilling
•is successfully tested on pilot scale, when drilling bore holes for ore extraction in open-pit and underground
mining, and for construction of trenches and underground developments, when drilling geological exploration
holes continuous and ring-shaped ones, when drilling holes of a large diameter (up to 1200 mm).
•is especially efficient for drilling of extra strong rocks and frozen ground and, first of all, when drilling holes of a
large diameter.
The electric pulse discharge method of material destruction (EPD)
Cutting and surface treatment of a massif and blocks
The technique of a surface treatment of oversized blocks of natural stone with the purpose of preparation for mechanic sawing.
At a discharge energy 1.5 kJoule and pulse frequency of 5 pulse
] per second the processing speed constituted 1,2 m2 / h for the
blocks of fine-grained granite, 1,6 m2 / h for coarse-grained granite
and 0,9 m2 / h for gabbro. Power inputs accordingly constituted
4,5, 3,3 and 6,0 kW/m2.
There is a possibility of an effective application of the EPD in engineering process where it is necessary to
eliminate the breaking of a massif continuity outside the bottomhole. This refers to the following processes:
•cutting and treating a natural stone, including an artistic stone dressing,
•bedrock base clean at construction of plants overland and underwater, in city when there are
limitations on holding explosions;
•cutoff chinks advancing with the purpose of limitation of effect on a massif of a blasting at a building
of developments of different assignment. In this case the cuts of blocks of soil from a massif without
application of a blasting is possible.
The electric pulse discharge method of material destruction (EPD)
Electric pulse disintegration of materials
The EI-disintegration
•Ensures, in comparison with traditional methods, a high degree of disclosure of useful mineral grains with
minimum damage. It provides in the following stage, enrichment of essential ores for an increase in extraction and
an improvement in the quality of concentrates;
•No problems with contamination of the refinement product by instrument metal or material of growing shallow
bodies;
•A wide range allows for regulating the granule-metric structure of the refinement product;
•Production of electrical impulse refinement is characterized by the large specific surface of grains and larger
correspondence of open particles of mineral inclusions, compared to their initial natural condition in rock
(morphology).
•A number of plants have been developed and tested, including plants for processing raw material with minerals
of jewels, plants for selection of mica from rocks, and plants for processing the merging of artificial (synthetic)
mica. The compacting plant has been created for geological research (for the study of mineral raw material and for
deriving mono-mineral factions.
Technological parameters of electric pulse disintegration
Technological tests of various of polymetallic ores shown that EP disintegration
how the process is provides the best efficiency of the disclosure of useful
minerals in all types of ores and creates the possibility of a significant increase
recovery and improve the quality of concentrate.
•
•
•
•
•
On the difficult ore-dressing rocks (such as cassiterite) increase recovery after of EP ore
preparation can reach several percent.
On ores with crystals emeralds, diamonds, rubies, spinels, garnets, extraction with of EPdisclosure is 1.5-2 times higher when compared with careful manual handling (performed in
Malyshevskoye EDM) with a substantially better their preservation from destruction
Extraction of diamonds increased by more than twice (8.48 and 4.01 carats / tonne); extracting
large crystals (2-4 mm) is twice as high (75 and 37% respectively).
Disclosure of mica intergrowths (Mamsko-Chu deposit, Eastern Siberia) to yield bottom-hole
raw corresponds to careful hand-disclosure that 1.2-1.3 times higher than in industrial
technology disclosure splices in mechanical crushers. Large crystals (with an area greater than
50 cm 2) retained 3-4 times more.
When handling the ingots artificial mica fluoro-phlogopite (diameter 600 - 900 mm) out of an
industrial product (rebounds mica) is higher by 1.3 times in comparison with the technology of
cutting ARRISM, Aleksandrov).
Technical means of the disintegration of materials
Designs
Schematic diagrams of disintegration
• А - Carse comminuting
• B – comminuting
• C - Stadial comminuting
• D - Destruction of blocks
Usov, A.F., Tsukerman, V.A. Electric pulse disintegration: russian experience and prospects / Proceedings of the
2008 Global Symposium on Recicling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology (REWAS-2008), - pp. 221-226.
Problems and prospects of establishing an effective electrical equipment
for electric pulse technology
•
Industrial development of EP technology requires radically improving the performance of
electrical equipment to ensure cost effectiveness and reliability of its operation.
•
Unsatisfactory (low) specific energy, mass and dimensional performance characteristics,
caused by use of obsolete schemes chargers, and commutation circuits generate a
pulsed voltage, the limited resource of work energy storage.
•
EP-installation require a qualified maintenance. Providing compact and automated
control modes of EP-installations will increase the operational reliability of their work,
remove a psychological rejection of the use of high voltages.
Modern achievements electronic and high-voltage pulse technology allow
rapidly reduce the size of elements of electrical equipment and significantly
improve the reliability work installations
Block scheme of electric pulse installation
Charging unit (1, 2, 3)
• rectified voltage
50-100 kV
• repetition pulse rate
до 25-30 1/s
• power
1 – 250 kW
High-voltage pulse generator (4)
• pulse high voltage above
1- control unit, 2- regulative throttle,
3- unbend-rising device, 4 – high voltage pulser,
5 – technological device with system of the issue of the pulse
200-250 kV
• correcting the pulse front microseconds
• to nanoseconds
10 -9 - 10-7 s
• energy-storage unit
1 – 25 kJ
Element base of HV-installations (traditional scheme)
The scheme of three-phase rectifier voltage to AC voltage
1 – ДрН – regulator of charging current to a low-voltage side
2 – Тр – high-voltage transformer
3 – В – rectifier
4 – ДрВ - regulator of charging current from high voltage side
Saturable reactor
HV transformer
Rectification unit
Specific power of chargers on various elemental base
Installation
Power,
dimensions,
Weight,
kW
mm
kg
20
CMS
throttle РНТМ
1140x1095x1285
Rectifier ВТМ
1264x1300x1750
IHV-1,2,3
(РТГ2 ВЭИ)
0,45-0,6
KSC RAS
(Experimenta)
2
1025 kg
1410 kg
522 х 310 х 240
Charger 480х480х210 mm
Control block 480х480х190mm
The specific
power,
kW/m3
The specific
power,
kW / kg
4,5
0.008
11,5-...15,4
30 + 20
20
0.04
Dimensions and weight of battery chargers can be reduced on 1-2 orders
Charger based on traditional circuit of
rectification
Appearance charger
Russian Technology Group, Russia.
Chargers with high-frequency voltage-converter schemes
Chargers of Russian Technology Group
Chargers of Spellman
Chargers of KSC RAS
Output voltage - 50 kV power - 2 kW
Generating high-voltage pulses
Multistage Marx generator open type cannot provide
the compact design and suitable for practical use of the
specific energy characteristics.
Technical solutions for improving the mass-dimensional characteristics
of the generating equipment
1. Configuration provides an introduction high-voltage of elements inside the
installation;
2. Hermetic placement in an electrically strong environment;
Closed performance generating blocks in an electrically strong medium (Oil-filled,
with electric SF6 gas under high pressure) - the real way to improve the energy
characteristics (provided to ensure high reliability and service life of the element
base), but not enough for create a compact mobile systems
Configuration of HVIGM-300
Generating blocks of the "Angara"
high-pressure electric gas SF6
Generating pulses by pulse transformers
a) Cascade PT submersible type (400 mm)
with a steel magnetic core
в) single-stage pulse transformer
Pulse transformers can significantly reduce the size of pulse generators.
However, the use of magnetic cores of iron limits the possibility of reduce weight,
requires special measures for the magnetization reversal.
Combined two-level-voltage schemes with two energy sources
Allow the pulse voltage parameters and the energy release regime in the discharge
channel to be independently controlled.
Providing simultaneously the maximum efficiency of both break-down and destruction
Usov A.F., Semkin B. V., Zinovjev N. T. Transient processes in electric pulse technology plants
– L.: Sciense, 1987, 2nd edition: 2000, 160p. In Russian
Development of pulse transformer
with trapezoidal secondary winding (transformer
cylindrical the diameter of the transformer 81 mm,
height 80 mm). The primary winding has 10 turns of
wire PVС-(d = 3.2 mm), the secondary winding
contains 52 turns of wire PVС-(d = 1.5 mm) (magnetic
core consists of 10 ferrite rings mark 2500 НМС1
(45x28x8).
with a conical inner secondary winding (transformer
cylindrical the diameter of the transformer 130 mm
100 mm). The primary winding has 12 turns of wire
PH-(d = 4 mm) the secondary winding contains 72
turns of PEL-(d = 1 mm). The magnetic circuit
consists of 10 ferrite rings mark 2500 НМС1
(45x28x8).
with a conical inner secondary winding
(transformer cylindrical the diameter of the
transformer 300 mm height 350 mm). The primary
winding has 15 turns of wire PH-(d = 4 mm) the
secondary winding consists of 105 turns of PEL(d = 1 mm). The magnetic circuit consists of 15
ferrite rings mark 2500 НМС1 (100x60x15)
Testing of transformers in operating mode of generating pulses confirmed the possibility of obtaining calculation
parameters of impulse voltage
Analysis of the transition process in the three-loop circuit with a pulse
transformer and the aggravating wavefront
-16
U( p ) 1 inv lap lacep
  3 .61 20 99 2 92 84 33 55 0exp
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 t) 24
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0 0 exp( 5 55 55 5.5 5 55 55 55 55 5 55 29
 t) 66
 9002 9.9 11 0 09 50 42 30 6exp
62(92 70 20 5.2 9 42 09 67 81 5t)27
 co2 s( 4 69 62 55 .1 23 23 05 59 5t)7345 33 .95 06 2 48 33 33 27 1exp
92(52 70 20
-16
u ( t)  U( p ) 1 inv lap lacep
  3 .61 20 99 2 92 84 33 55 0exp
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 t) 24
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 t) 66
 9002 9.9 11 0 09 50 42 30 6exp
62(92 70 20 5.2 9 42 09 67 81 5t)27
 co2 s( 4 69 62 55 .1 23 23 05 59 5t)7345 33 .95 06 2 48 33 33 27 1exp(
92 5
6 10
4
4 10
4
2 10
4
n  u( t)
0
2 10
4
4 10
4
0
2 10
6
4 10
6
6 10
6
8 10
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1.4 10
1.6 10
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t
The generation of pulses with the use pulse
transformer circuit with aggravating capacity on
the secondary side provides maximum energy
transfer from the primary circuit of pulse
transformer in the discharge channel rock
destruction device with the desired mode of
energy release.
Strategy for the establishment and development of electropulse installations
Given the broad range of technological applications of the method and range of energy regimes,
proposed a phased review and tackling the ascent from simple to complex. At the first stage of the
study of new technical solutions are invited to check and work out at facilities of the limited capacity,
the relevant requirements and meet the requirements of certain industries, and then proceed to
implement customized solutions to more powerful machines and a wider range of promising directions
for use.
CMS (Russia)
SELFRAG AG (Switzerland).
CLEPD (Project of
KSCRAS Russia)
Electropulsing disintegrator KLEPD
CLEPD - class of compact laboratory electropulse
disintegration installations limited (kgs per hour), but
sufficient for many purposes of wide practical
application of productivity. At the expense of a set
disintegration chambers of different type the wide
range of a grinding of materials - from 250-300 mm
up to a micron is ensured.
Installation is created on the element baseline using the
latest reachings in electronic and high-voltage
pulsed technique, implementing new solutions of
sources of an impulse voltage with an opportunity of
sharp reduction of their sizes. Instrument registration
CLEPD will allow to use them in conditions
customary, electrotechnology unspecialized
laboratories.
Developed installation will have some modifications:
Base version CLEPD-B intended for the scientific and
research-and-production organizations of the
mineral-raw and chemical-engineering profile closely
related to study of mineral raw materials.
Installation CLEPD-EE is offered for use in the
educational and exploratory purposes on
electrophysical applications of electrical discharges .
Installation CLEPD-T can be used in the technological
purposes of the limited productivity.
Electropulsing disintegrator KLEPD
Modes of an electric impact:
Electropulse destruction of material
Electrohydroimpulse crushing material
Electric-softening and the activation of the material
Parameters of an electric impact :
amplitude of pulse pressure - varies, max. - Up to 300 kV,
front of pulsed voltage– 10-8 – 10-6 s
energy pulses - varies, max. - up to 600-800, J
power of installation - 2,5 kW .
technological conditions :
The initial particle size of material - varies, max - up to 250-300 mm
The ultimate particle size of the product-varies, min. - up to microns.
Technological environment - water-distillate
(Prototype image)
AN OFFER FOR A SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION:
Joint development of a technology and engineering for
mining and construction.
•
Compact of electropulse disintegrator
•
Disintegrating Systems for disclosure in the rocks of precious metals and stones
•
Extraction and processing of natural decorative stone
•
Dredging in ponds for install piping
•
Automated systems for studying the Earth's interior, on rocky bottom of rivers seas and
the oceans and on the space objects
•
Tunneling in rock, construction of underground workings, the laying of communication
channels
The Russian side shall provide the know-how by the new method of breaking materials, side provides of
research and design work the personnel and the scientific equipment.
The Partner side shall undertake the financial support of the development of specific production units.
The resulting scientific-technical product shall be a common property and shall be protected by a patent.
Contact:
E-mail: [email protected]
http://www.kolasc.net.ru/spark/