Transcript THE CONCEPT OF MARINE CADASTRE

Marine Cadastre and
SDI in Marine Environment
M. Sigit Widodo
Master by Research Student
Department of Geomatics, University of Melbourne
Outline
- The concept of cadastre
- Discontinuity of land and
marine cadastre
- Case study area
- SDI in marine environment
(Williamson,1995)
Objectives
- To identify problems and needs from various users from
marine stakeholders
- To understand and identify rights, restrictions and
responsibilities in the marine environment, especially
in the coastal zone
- To examine SDI in marine environment to support
a marine cadastre
The concept of cadastre
A cadastre is normally the basis or core of land
administration system containing a record of interests
in land (e.g. rights, restrictions and responsibilities).
It usually includes a geometric description of land parcels
linked to other records describing the nature of the interest
and ownership or control of those interest, and often the
value of the parcel and its improvements (FIG, 1995).
The concept of cadastre
It could be said that we do not really own the land itself,
but rather own the right to use the land in conformity with
community laws, practices and expectations.
Various Land Rights
(Dale and McLaughlin, 2000)
Discontinuity of land and marine cadastre
- What about Marine ?
- Current cadastre only cover land and stop at High Water
Mark (HWM).
- The interaction of various rights and responsibilities in time
and space of marine environment imposes complexities
that do not occur with land based spatial data.
- Concept of Multipurpose Cadastre
Discontinuity of land and marine cadastre
- There should be a structured administration of land and
marine interface area
- An integrated administrative structure is required in order to
better administer the range of rights, restrictions and
responsibilities in both the land and marine environment,
especially in the coastal zone
- Marine cadastre as an infrastructure contains dynamic
information and accessible
Approaches
Marine cadastre is a system to enable the boundaries of
maritime rights and interests to be recorded,
spatially managed and physically defined in relationship
to the boundaries of other neighbouring or underlying
rights and interests. (Robertson, et al, 1999)
It is a marine information system, encompassing both
the nature and spatial extent of the interests and property
rights, with respect to ownership, various rights and
responsibilities in the marine jurisdiction. (Nichols, et al, 2000)
R&D in some countries
1. Canada
- Good Governance of Canada’s Oceans Project
- University of New Brunswick
2. USA
- Ocean Planning Information System (OPIS)
by The Coastal Services Centre, NOAA.
- 4 states; Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina
3. New Zealand
- Bogor Declaration, 1996
- Permanent Committee on Geographic Infrastructures of
Asia Pacific (PCGIAP)
Marine Related Activities
- Marine Parks; Fishing / Reservation Areas
- Mineral Exploration
- Transportation; Shipping Lanes and Safety Issues
- Cable and Communication
- Tourism and Recreation Areas
- Environmental and Ecological Issues
- Defence Issues
- Marine “ranching” or “mariculture” , ...
Legal Institutional Aspects
Diversity of the laws …
- UNCLOS (UN Conventions on the Law of the Sea)
- Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act
- Environment Act
- Seas and Submerged Lands Act
- Coral Sea Island Act
- Pipeline and Cable Act
- Fisheries Management Act
- Coastal Management Act
- Crown Land (Reserves) Act ...
Current Initiatives
- Australian SDI (ASDI), consists of land and marine SDI
- ICSM (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and
Mapping), Tidal Interface Working Group
- Australian National Marine Data Group (ANMDG),
Marine Cadastre Technical Working Group
- ARC Marine Cadastre Research 2002-2003
Case Study Area : Bass Strait
Case Study - Four Shire Councils
Bass Coast
South Gippsland
Wellington
East Gippsland
Summary of Marine and Coastal Activities
Bass Coast
Main Stakeholders
- Tourism
- Fishing and diving
- Agriculture
- Fishing industry
South Gippsland
Wellington
- Tourism
- National / Coastal Park
- Agriculture
- Fishing
- Oil and gas activities
- Oil and gas activities
- Agriculture
- Tourism
- Fishing activities (both
recreational and industry)
- Gippsland Water
Rights, restrictions - Rights is only related to
and responsibilities
legislative rights
- Some overlap rights of fishing
and tourism activities
- Fishing limitation
- Boats restricted rights
- No indigenous rights issue
- Fishing club licence
- Freehold land with some
overlap issues
- Agriculture vs Fishing
- Caravan park vs Vegetation
- Indigneous rights issues
- Oil and gas activities brings
money to the community
- Oil and gas activities have
good relationship with its
adjacent's activities;
warning signs and information
Problems
- Waste or dump activities' threat, - Safety and pollution aspects
especially from rigs
- Impacts of environmental
degradation
- Lack of tourism
- Environemntal and coral reef
- Indegenous vegetation
- Waste disposal
East Gippsland
- Tourism
- Agriculture
- Oil and gas activities
- Fishing (mostly locals)
- Gippsland Port
n.a.
- Agricultural waste disposal
- Erosion
- Environmental and park
issues
- Marine park issues in
communities
Maritime Zones in Australia
Case Study - Datasets
1. Australian Maritime Boundaries Information System
(AMBIS)
Positional accuracy generally +/- 150 m
Free download from web
Shown on charts in small scale
2. VicMap Digital Topography and Property - Land Victoria
3. Seafarer Geotiff - Australian Hydrographic Office
Case Study Area : Bass Strait
Data Sources: AMBIS,
VicMap, Seafarer
Case Study Area : Bass Strait
3 nm
Data Sources: AMBIS,
VicMap, Seafarer
Case Study Area : Bass Strait
Data Sources: AMBIS,
VicMap, Seafarer
SDI - Marine Cadastre
The core components of ASDI (Pre July):
- institutional frameworks
- technical standard
- fundamental datasets
- distribution network
Then (Post July):
- people
- policy
- technologies
Marine Cadastre Diagram
www.geom.unimelb.edu.au/maritime/diagram.htm
ARC Marine Cadastre, 2002
Discussions
Coastlines
- Different coastline definitions used as boundary descriptions
- Uncertainty of boundaries
Data and Access
- Use existing structure and framework (ASDI, ASDD)
- Use and expand existing data access policies and agreements
- Use existing tools
- Commonwealth Policy for Spatial Data Access and Pricing
Legal complexities
Conclusions
- There are needs for integrated administrative structure
in order to better administer the range of rights, restrictions
and responsibilities in both the land and marine environment,
especially in the coastal zone
- Data and information will be fundamental aspects of
marine cadastre
- Marine cadastre as an infrastructure contains dynamic
information and accessible
Marine Cadastre - VSIS
People
There should be a same perception of marine or coastal
related spatial information, e.g. reference system, coastline
Policy
Integrated policies and decisions across government
organisations
Technologies
- Fundamental datasets, technological standards and distribution
- Open access
Acknowledgements
Supervisors: Prof. Ian Williamson and Dr. Joe Leach
ARC Marine Cadastre Project
Centre for SDI and Land Administration
Contacts :
[email protected]
[email protected]