Transcript Die Lehre

Univ. Lekt. Mag. Markus Müllner
ibw Austria – Research & Development in VET
Rainergasse 38, 1050 Vienna, AUSTRIA
+43 1 5451671 0
www.ibw.at
Santiago de Chile, June 2014
[email protected]
Austria
source:austria tourism; stock foto
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AT THE INTERFACES BETWEEN EDUCATION, BUSINESS AND QUALIFICATIONS.
key facts – Austria
member of the EU: since January 1st, 1995
boarders: Germany and Czech Republic - north
Slovak Republic and Hungary - east
Slovenia and Italiy – south
Switzerland and Lichtenstein - west
population: 8.5 Mio.
total area:
83.8 km²
capital:
Vienna (1.7 Mio people)
federal states: 9
Unemployment rate: 4.3% (EU 10,8%)
Youth Unemployment: 8,7 % (EU 23,2%)
source: Statistik Austria, 2013 AUSTRIA, Data – FIGURES – FACTS, Eurostat
Apprenticeship training and VET
Apprenticeship
training and VET
source: ibw fotowettbewerb
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AT THE INTERFACES BETWEEN EDUCATION, BUSINESS AND QUALIFICATIONS.
The Austrian education system
1
7
8
2
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Special needs school
kindergarten
Lower secondary
school
(expiring)
Apprenticeship
training
(company and part-time
vocational school)
UNIVERSITY
ENTRANCE EXAM
Year
6
Primary school
New secondary
school
VET SCHOOL
VET COLLEGE
Academic
secondary school
(lower cycle)
Academic secondary
school (upper cycle)
UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE
UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF
TEACHER
EDUCATION
UPPER SECONDARY
SCHOOL-LEAVING EXAM
5
PRE-VOCATIONAL
SCHOOL
Age
PROFESSIONAL
TERTIARY
EDUCATION
such as post-sec.
VET course,
master
craftsperson
school, industrial
master school
Main initial VET programmes
Dual Apprenticeship training (16+ year-olds)
•
•
•
•
training enterprise (80% of time) and part-time vocational school (20% of time)
demand led system: apprenticeship contract between enterprise and apprentice
training is based on two regulations (ordinances): training company and school
200+ apprenticeships (“professions”) in practically all branches of the economy
with a 2-4 years training period depending on the profession
basis for “Higher VET”: “Meister” and other professional qualifications
•
school based VET (16+ year-olds)
•
•
•
combination of general and vocational education
different types and duration
Double qualification in VET-colleges: VET-diploma and university access
Training guarantee by AMS (Public Employment Service; supr. comp. training)
•
•
Support in finding an apprenticeship in a company
workshop based programmes in the framework of dual apprenticeship training
Career decision in year
VET school
VET
10or
college
VET school or
VET college
39.0 %
38.8 %
grammar school
AE: high school
22.2 %
part-time
vocational
school
(apprenticeship)
80 % of pupils in year 10 complete an apprenticeship or
attend a VET school or VET college.
source: ibw, Apprenticeship training overview 2013, p. 78
Characteristics of
apprenticeship training
„
Apprenticeship
schoolbased
training
20 %
Learning by Doing
Company
part-time
vocational
school
practical
training
80 %
The apprentice is in a training relationship with his/her company and, at
the same time, pupil of an occupation-specific part-time vocational
school.
Apprentices by sections
of the Economic Chamber
120,579 people are in an apprenticeship relationship.
43.4 % are trained as apprentices in the crafts and trades section.
7.6 % are in supra-company training
(training without an apprenticeship contract in a company).
source: ibw, Apprenticeship training overview 2013, p. 13
Training at the company
Training at the company
source: ibw fotowettbewerb
Why do companies train?
Business case
return on investment
Challenge:
to move from informal arrangements to formal training
with recognised qualifications
Catalyst:
institutions and governance structure, support to
companies
The Austrian approach:
• The profiles of the different apprenticeship trades are negotiated
between the social partners in the Federal Advisory Board
• Administration and competent authority: Economic Chambers act as
intermediate bodies between companies and the ministry of economics
• Accompanying support measures: financial incentives, practical training
guidelines, selection tools and services for recruitment, trainer
academies and networks, services to organise international mobility etc.
Training at the company
• Company-based training curriculum:
describes the competences which must be
taught in the company
• Activity description:
learning outcome-oriented description of the
competences acquired by apprentices by
the end of their training
uniform
Austria-wide
regulation by
decrees for each
apprenticeship
occupation
• Didactic approach:
- training in a day-to-day working environment
- under real-life working conditions
- involvement of apprentices in the productive work process
IVET trainer
• IVET trainers: the companies’ trainers for apprentices
- The majority of trainers train their apprentices on a part-time basis
alongside their regular work.
- Larger companies also employ full-time trainers as well as full-time
training supervisors.
• Prerequisite:
- IVET trainer examination or
- Completion of a 40-hour IVET trainer course or
- Recognition of another qualification
• Requirements:
- subject-specific qualification
- know-how of vocational education and
- legal knowledge
Training at part-time
vocational school
Training at
part-time
vocational school
source: fotolia.com, ibw stock foto
Organisation
all-year-round
at least on one full school day a
week
by block
for at least eight weeks
continuously
or
seasonally in block form
=> apprentices are obliged to attend
=> established for groups of apprenticeship occupations (such as
construction, wholesale/retail occupations)
=> classes are organized on the basis of individual occupations
(sometimes also related occupations)
Training contents
general
education
35 %
special
instruction
65 %
• occupation-related theory supplementing
company-based training
• complementary occupation-related practice
• deepening and complementing general
education
• subject related foreign language classes
The framework curriculum for each apprenticeship occupation is valid in
the whole of Austria.
Funding of apprenticeship training
Apprenticeship training
Funding of apprenticeship training
source: fotolia.com, ibw stock foto
Funding
Training company
The public
Company-based training
School-based training
Apprenticeship remuneration
Subsidies for the training
company and apprentices
Costs per person/year
Costs per person/year
about EUR 15,000* (11,200,000 CLP)
Appr. tr.:
EUR
Supra-c.: EUR
VET s./c.: EUR
*depending on the sector, due to different
collective bargaining agreements, and depending
on the year of training
5,447
16,405
9,126
(4,000,000 CLP)
(12,200,000 CLP)
(6,800,000 CLP)
This means that the greatest part of costs of vocational training in
the apprenticeship training system is borne by companies.
Source: ibw, Apprenticeship training overview 2013, p. 83
Funding of company-based
training
Training company
=> The direct costs of training are borne by the
respective training company.
– Apprenticeship remuneration
 Monthly payment for apprentices
(The costs depend on the sector and apprenticeship year and range from
about 400 EUR (300,000 CLP) to 1,500 Euro (1,100,000 CLP) per month
 In the final year, the apprenticeship remuneration is about
80 % of the corresponding skilled worker’s wage.
 Non-wage labour costs
(sickness insurance, unemployment insurance)
– Costs of training at the training company
 Provision of qualified IVET trainers
 Funding of additional training offers
(such as courses, specialist training programmes, etc.)
Source: ibw, Apprenticeship 2012, p. 18
Funding of school-based training
School
=> The Federal Government and the provinces
share the costs.
• Costs for equipping part-time vocational schools with
machinery, equipment and teaching material: the
respective province
• Costs for the teaching staff: Federal Government and
the respective province (50 % each)
Source: ibw, Apprenticeship 2012, p. 18
Figures, data and facts
Figures, data and facts
source: fotolia.com, ibw stock foto
EU indicators - Unemployment rate
of below-25-year-olds
Germany
Austria
Netherlands
Austria‘s youth unemployment rate is
8.7 %.
8,6%
8,1%
2011
2012
8,3%
8,7%
7,6%
9,5%
Denmark
14,2%
14,1%
Malta
13,8%
14,2%
Luxembourg
16,4%
18,0%
20,1%
19,0%
Finnland
Czech Republic
18,1%
19,5%
Belgium
18,7%
19,8%
Slovenia
Estonia
United Kingdom
Romania
EU 27* (Together)
Measures of youth employment:
Sweden
France
15,7%
20,6%
22,3%
20,9%
21,1%
21,0%
23,7%
22,7%
21,4%
22,8%
22,8%
23,7%
22,8%
24,6%
Lithuania
=> Support for dual training
Bulgaria
=> Training guarantee
25,8%
26,5%
Poland
Cyprus
Hungary
32,2%
26,4%
22,4%
27,8%
25,0%
28,1%
26,1%
28,1%
Latvia
31,0%
28,5%
Ireland
29,1%
30,4%
33,7%
34,0%
Slovakia
Italy
Portugal
Croatia
Spain
Greece
29,1%
30,1%
35,3%
37,7%
36,1%
43,0%
46,4%
44,4%
Source: EUROSTAT
53,2%
55,3%
source: Eurostat
Unemployment rate by
educational attainment
(unemployment rate acc. to international definition)
Example for interpretation: Of 100 % of those who have completed compulsory
school as their highest educational attainment, 9.2 % are unemployed.
source: Statistics Austria (microcensus labour force survey) + ibw-calculations, elicitation 2012
ibw, Apprenticeship overview 2013, p.102
Useful information
Links
ibw Institute for Research on Qualifications and Training of the Austrian
Economy
www.ibw.at
Career guidance system of the economic chambers
www.bic.at
For trainers: info and material
www.ausbilder.at
Info on aids for the selection process
www.auswahlhilfe.at
Quality in apprenticeship: tools and projects
www.qualitaet-lehre.at
Newsletters:
Interesting themes and current important dates in the area of career guidance
(appears 6 x per year)
Info and downloads connected with apprenticeship
(appears 4 x per year)