Transcript Everything’s An Argument

Everything’s An Argument
LESSONS WEEK II
Do Now
TAKE THE PRACTICE TEST
IN 15 MINUTES!
FOLDER CHECK
How well did you do?
 Notice what you got wrong
 Make a list of the topics you need to study
 Find a lesson on one of those topics tonight, do it,
and put it in your folder. We will check Friday.
 Keep your test in your folder.
Cornell Note Time: Pathos
 Pathos= Emotional Appeal
 (think pathological—you are emotionally driven to do
something)
Ways Emotional Appeal Works
 To Create Sympathy or Stir Passion
“We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall
fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight
with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall
defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the
beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the
fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never
surrender!”
--Winston Churchill
Ways Emotional Appeal Works
 To build bridges:
“My second story is about love and loss… at thirty, I was
out, and very publicly out.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from
Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness
of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed
me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.”
---Steve Jobs
Ways Emotional Appeal Works
 To sustain an argument
Ways Emotional Appeal Works
 To make arguments easier
to take
pp. 699-713
What
emotional
appeals
are in
these
clips?
A Friend of a Friend Knows You’re
on Vacation (p. 669-671)
EXIT SLIP:
Please List
1 thing you learned
1 thing you still have questions about
1 comment about the lesson
Do Now
 Consider the character of the following public
figures. Then describe one public argument or
product that would benefit from their endorsement,
and one that would not:
Oprah Winfrey
Dave Chappelle
Jon Stewart
Zack Efron
Alicia Keys
Chris Brown
Amanda Bynes
Taylor Swift
Lil Wayne
Cristiano Reynaldo
Cornell Note Time: Pathos
 Ethos= Appeal to Character
(think ethics—moral principles that govern a person's or group's
behavior)
One has/ doesn’t have
authority

One is/isn’t
trustworthy

One has/doesn’t
have good motives

How Character Arguments Work
 Claiming Authority

What does he know about the subject?

What experiences does she have that make her particularly
knowledgeable?

Why should I pay attention to this writer?
Claiming Authority
“The Asian culture, as it happens, is something I know
a bit about, having spent five years at Harvard striving
for a Ph.D. in a joint program called History and East
Asian Languages and, after that, living either as a
student (for one year) or a journalist (six years) in
China and Southeast Asia. At least I know enough to
know there is no such thing as the ‘Asian culture.’”
-- Richard Bernstein, Dictatorship of Virtue
What gives Bernstein, a New Yorker, the right to speak about
Asians?
How Character Arguments Work
 Establishing Credibility

Does the writer seem honest?

Does he respect his audience?

Is the author likeable?
Establishing Credibility
“ I started this school in Africa… where I’m trying to give
South African girls a shot at a future like yours. And I spent
five years making sure that school would be as beautiful as
the students… And yet, last fall, I was faced with a crisis I
have never anticipated. I was told that one of the dorm
matrons was suspected of sexual abuse. That was, as you can
imagine, devastating news. First, I cried… and the whole time
I kept asking that question: What is this here to teach me?
And as difficult as that experience has been, I got a lot of
lessons. I understand now the mistakes I made because I had
been paying attention to all of the wrong things.”
-- Oprah Winfrey,2008 Stanford University Commencement Address
How Character Arguments Work
 Coming Clean about Motives

Why is this author writing about this topic?

Whose interests are they serving?

How will they profit from their proposal?
Declaring Motives
“First, the matter of semantics. I am a cripple. I choose
this word to name me. I choose from among several
possibilities, the most common of which are “handicapped”
and “disabled.” I made the choice a number of years ago,
without thinking, unaware of my motives for doing so. Even
now, I am not sure what those motives are, but I recognize
that they are complex and not entirely flattering. People –
crippled or not – wince a the word “cripple,” as they do not at
“handicapped” or “disabled.” Perhaps I want them to wince. I
want them to see me as a tough customer, one to whom the
fates/gods/viruses have not been kind, but who can face the
brutal truth of her existence squarely. As a cripple, I swagger.”
-- Nancy Mairs, “On Being a Cripple”
What happens when we question ethos?
“Martha Stewart has been blipping up on Serious Eats
radar lately. …then official word comes that
marthastewart.com has re-launched with a fresh new
look and new features. The site, which went live in its
new form a few weeks before this announcement, is
quite an improvement. It seems to load faster,
information is easier to find, and the recipes are easier
to read… ”
-- Adam Kuban, ex-employee at Martha Stewart
Living magazine, “Martha, Martha, Martha”
Evaluate Ethos
Authority
p. 770
p. 771
Credibility
Clear Motives
Ways to Develop Positive Ethos
 Tone—Use of diction
 Voice—Use of appropriate syntax
 Demonstrating knowledge—jargon, providing
references
 Building connections—exemplification of personal
experience
Evaluate Ethos (pp. 743-768)
Authority
Tool used to achieve:
Example:
Credibility
Clear Motives
Homework
RHETORICAL ANALYSIS ESSAY #2
DUE THURSDAY
EXIT SLIP:
Please List
1 thing you learned
1 thing you still have questions about
1 comment about the lesson
Do Now: Copy the following
Epistrophe : The repetition of a
word at the end of successive
clauses or sentences
Epanalepsis : The repetition of
the initial word (or words) of a
clause or sentence at the end of
that same clause or sentence.
Examples
Epistrophe:

“The big sycamore by the creek was gone. The willow
tangle was gone. The little enclave of untrodden
bluegrass was gone. The clump of dogwood on the little rise
across the creek–now that, too, was gone….”
Epanalepsis:

"Next time there won't be a next time."
 Teens should be restricted
from free use of Social
Media
 Use evidence from pp. to support
your argument.
20 min prep time
 You will have 20 minutes to
Use
pp. 719-776 to prepare claims.
prepare
Be sure to cite specific lines for
backing/support.
Developing Debate Arguments
 Establish that an issue is a Fact—it happened
 Establish a Definition of an issue
 Establish the Cause of an issue
 Establish to what Degree an issue hurts
 Establish what Action we should take.
Teens
should be
restricted
from free
use of
Social
Media
AFF: 5 min opening
NEG: 3 min CrossX
Time to check your notes to hit all of
their claims
NEG: 5 min opening
AFF: 3 min CrossX
Time to check your notes to hit all of
their claims
AFF: 4 min closing
NEG: 4 min closing
Do Now
PRACTICE TEST 2
How well did you do?
 Notice what you got wrong
 Make a list of the topics you need to study
 Find a lesson on one of those topics tonight, do it,
and put it in your folder. We will check Friday.
 Keep your test in your folder.
After Lunch
 Peer Edit your Rhetorical Analysis Essays
Do Now
SIT IN YOUR CRUCIBLE GROUPS
STRESS and INFLECTION
I DON’T KNOW WHO STARTED
THE SPELL
Marking for Stress and Inflection
 Underline a word to just increase the volume
 Highlight and emoji to mark the tone
 Add in a / to illustrate a dramatic pause
 Put notes in (for gestures)
An Example
Proctor: Mr. Parris,/ you are the first minister ever did
demand the deed to this house (point to
the floor)
Parris: Man! Don’t a minister deserve a house to live
in?
Remember, by next Friday
 One list of important characters, including what they
will be wearing
 One short summary of your scene
 Six typed, edited scripts (one for each person)
 Marked for staging for each
 Marked for stress and inflection for your individual characters