Transcript Possible intervention venues with IOM

THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN AND
REINTEGRATION (AVRR)- A BRIEF OVERVIEW
Mark Getchell
Regional Representative
IOM Canberra
Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration
(AVRR)
About Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration
• Orderly, human and cost-effective return and reintegration of
migrants who are unable or unwilling to remain in host countries
and wish to return voluntarily to their countries of origin
• Part of a comprehensive approach to migration management,
which includes timely asylum adjudication, effective removals of
irregular migrants, regular immigration options and accurate public
information on those options.
Voluntary Return
• Freedom of choice and informed decision
• Absence of coercion
IOM Policy on AVRR
• Safeguard migrants’ dignity and rights
• Ensure migrants have access to protection and refugee
determination mechanisms
• Preserve the integrity of regular migration structures and asylum
procedures;
• Enhance cooperation between origin, transit & host countries
• Promote comprehensive voluntary return approaches, inclusive of
post-return reintegration assistance
• Address the root causes underlying irregular
Principles of AVRR Assistance
• Return must be voluntary
– Fully informed decision without coercion
• Possibility for the migrant to change his/her mind
• Travel documents & immigration records devoid of any
reference to deportation procedures
• No deportation procedures have been initiated
– Applicants not in receipt of a deportation order
Beneficiaries of AVRR
• Asylum seekers who, having claimed asylum, subsequently choose not to
pursue their asylum claim;
• Persons whose asylum claim has been rejected;
• Migrants in an irregular situation;
• Persons with refugee status, or enjoying temporary protected status, who
choose to return home;
• Victims of trafficking;
• Any person with legal status in the host country, but without means to return
home (including e.g. stranded persons, and students);
• Labour migrants at the end of their contracts;
• Persons in emergency situations, requiring rapid return assistance.
Types of AVRR programmes
• AVRRs have been operating close to three decades now
beginning with the German REAG programme
• At present, IOM operates more than 30 AVRR regular
programmes and some 100 projects world-wide
• IOM operates three types of AVRR programmes
a) General return assistance for irregular migrants, unsuccessful
asylum seekers, refugees and others wishing to return to
their home country
b) Specific return and reintegration assistance tailored to the
needs of certain groups (vulnerable, skilled nationals etc)
c) Assistance to migrants stranded in transit countries
AVRR Activities Worldwide
IOM facilitates voluntary returns of migrants worldwide. From 20052009 alone, IOM provided assistance to over 126,000 returning
migrants
Assisted Voluntary Returns, 2005-2009
35,000
30,000
30,699
25,180
26,703
25,000
21,090
22,347
2007
2008
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2005
2006
2009
Three Components of AVR
Pre-Departure
• Outreach, Information & Counselling
• Information on the country of origin
• Health assessment & health care provision; family tracing for
unaccompanied minors
• Travel preparation (passports, visa/stamps assistance, escort, shelter,
medical assistance)
Return-Transportation
• Travel arrangements; assistance at embarkation
• Payment of installation grant/pocket money (if applicable)
• Transit assistance
Post-Return
• Reception, information & counselling
• Socio-economic reinsertion & reintegration support – referrals & monitoring
• Referral to medical care and service providers
Key Features of AVRR
Migrants:
• Takes into account migrant’s decision
• Ensures respect for human rights
• Avoids stigma of forced return & negative repercussions for reintegration
• Provides counselling, financial and/or logistical and reintegration support
Governments:
• Generally more cost effective
• Politically palatable
• Enhanced cooperation between countries
Countries of Origin:
• Ensures the rights and dignity of their nationals
• May include reintegration assistance for individuals and/or their communities
Statistical Overview (1)
Returns by Region
(Emigrating Region)
Returns by Region
(Immigrating Region)
3% 3%
9%
20%
29%
Europe
Africa/Middle East
Americas
Asia/Oceania
Europe
Africa/Middle East
Americas
Asia/Oceania
25%
85%
**Data reflects 2009 statistics
26%
Statistical Overview (2)
Top 5 Sending Countries
6000
5143
5000
4012
4000
3241
2661
3000
2582
2000
1000
0
UK
Germany
Austria
Belgium
Netherlands
Top 5 Destination Countries
3000
2619
2537
2504
2500
2000
1500
1016
941
1000
500
0
Brazil
**Data reflects 2009 statistics
Iran
Russia
China
Afghanistan
REINTEGRATION ASSISTANCE
Reintegration Overview
• Reintegration assistance tailored to
individual needs- a one size fits all
approach is not most effective
• Key tools for facilitating reintegration
assistance include
- information on conditions in country
- socio economic profiling of
returnees
- post return monitoring
• Reintegration assistance should not
only be directed at the migrants but
also assist in wider context the
community affected by the return
•
Rehabilitation of the Thi Al Norain Primary
School for Girls / Kirkuk Governorate
Types of Assistance
Description
Reintegration
allowances
• consists of cash grants
(pre departure/post
arrival)
Temporary Reception
Arrangements
• Can range from a few
weeks to a few months
accommodation
Micro/Small Business
Development
• Provision of
credit/grants to start
small business
Community Assistance
• Building of schools,
hospitals, training
facilities, etc
Institutional Approach
• Promotion of self
employment/on the job
training
Socio Economic
Assistance
• Consist of assistance
in kind (education,
business set up,
training)
The Impact of Reintegration
Assistance
• Contributes to a sustainable return
• Contributes to broader economic development
• Critical in post-conflict situations
• Provides support in reconstruction and rehabilitation
• Allows for effective evaluation and monitoring of returnees
• Contributes to capacity building of partner NGOs and institutions
in countries of return
• Allows for cooperation amongst all actors
Tailoring return and reintegration
assistance policies
• Tailoring return and reintegration programmes to country
specific circumstances
• Adapting return and reintegration procedures to vulnerable
groups
• Roles of possible contributions of countries of origin, transit
and destination key in return migration management
• The need to develop partnerships to make effective return
policies and practices
• Dealing with capacity issues in countries of origin and transit
(i.e large numbers, post conflict situations, vulnerable
migrants etc)
AVRR support for vulnerable groups
• Tailored assistance to vulnerable groups
– UAMs
– Returnees with health needs
– Victims of trafficking
– Single headed family with minors
– Elderly
– Minorities
Afghan support packages 2009-2010
Type of business
# business
Grocery shop
171
Taxi car
127
Animal husbandry
82
Fabrics selling shop
50
Cloth business
30
Tractor
31
Auto spare parts
36
Mobile Phone selling shop
18
Construction material store
14
Cement selling
14
IOM has assisted
over 7,600 Afghans
with their returns,
approximately 2,500
of whom received
individually tailored
reintegration
assistance packages.
Over 70 different
individualized
packages developed.
These represent the
10 most popular
businesses
IOM Afghanistan
The recently completed
temporary accommodation
center in Kabul increases
the government’s capacity
to manage return
migration through offering
shelter and immediate
protection to the returnees
in need of assistance.
The facility can
accommodate 38-76
individuals at one time.
AVR Iraq
AVR to Iraq 2003-2010 (Sept.). Total 18.843
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
3771
2736
3116
2013
2527
1817
1537
926
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
(Sept.)
IOM Iraq AVRR
Top 10 Business Set-up Categories
Livestock
21%
Grocery
30%
Clothes and Textiles
Electrical Appliances
Car Spare Parts
13%
Car Mechanic
2%
3%
4%
4%
Telephones
Household Goods
10%
4%
4%
5%
Construction
Aluminum Works
Others
IOM Iraq AVRR
Top 10 Job Placement Categories
Worker
20%
Sales Assistant
Driver
36%
Assistant
Seller
15%
Waiter
Guard
Accountant
Monitor
2%
2%
2%
2%3% 5%
8%
5%
Employee
Others
IOM Iraq
AVR to Iraq by Age Distribution
53.6%
19.2%
17.8%
7.5%
0.3%
0 - 14
15 - 17
18 - 24
25 - 34
35 - 54
0.6%
0.5%
0.4%
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 +
IOM Iraq
AVR to Iraq by Gender Distribution (Male 95%, Female 5%)
53%
50%
70%
Male
85%
89%
97%
97%
Female
94%
47%
50%
60 - 64
65 +
30%
15%
11%
0 - 14
15 - 17
3%
3%
6%
18 - 24
25 - 34
35 - 54
55 - 59
IOM INDONESIA
ASSISTED VOLUNTARY RETURN BY CITIZENSHIIP
TOTAL
2010
TOTAL
2009
AFGHANISTAN
366
ANGOLA
0
4
BANGLADESH
5
7
CAMBODIA
2
4
EGYPT
0
1
INDIA
0
4
IRAN
24
IRAQ
1
92
JORDAN
0
20
MAROCCO
0
1
NEPAL
0
15
PAKISTAN
4
SAUDI ARABIA
0
2
SIERRA LEONE
2
4
SOMALIA
0
1
SRI LANKA
24
SYRIA
0
4
THAILAND
0
1
TURKEY
0
17
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
0
2
VIETNAM
15
YEMEN
0
Totals
352
GRAND
TOTAL (2004-2010)
1163
13
138
18
126
25
145
5
135
3
497
413
1941
Thank You
International Organization for Migration
17 Route des Morillons
CH-1211 Geneva 19 - Switzerland
www.iom.int