Transcript EU Legislation. How is it derived? How has it influenced

EU Legislation.
How is it derived?
How has it influenced Safety at Work
in the EU member states?
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by Vassilis Zafrakopoulos
Safety at Work Inspector
JRC Ispra Site
European Commission
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Contents of this info meeting
• 1. The EU Treaties
• 2. How EU Legislation is created
• 3. Some main directives of the EU towards Safety at
Work
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Treaty of Lisbon
• Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union
and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European
Union (2010).
• Consolidated versions of the Treaty establishing the
European Atomic Energy Community.
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The European Commission
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manages and runs the European Union. Its members are appointed for a five-year term by
agreement between the member states, subject to approval by the European Parliament. The
Commission is answerable to the Parliament, and the entire Commission has to resign if the
Parliament passes a motion of censure against it.
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Since 2004, the Commission has been made up of one Commissioner from each member state.
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The Commission enjoys a substantial degree of independence in exercising its powers. Its job is
to uphold the common interest, which means that it must not take instructions from any
national EU government. As ‘Guardian of the Treaties’, it has to ensure that the regulations and
directives adopted by the Council and Parliament are being implemented in the member states.
If they are not, the Commission can take the offending party to the Court of Justice to oblige it
to comply with EU law.
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As the EU’s executive arm, the Commission implements the decisions taken by the Council in
areas such as the common agricultural policy. It has wide powers to manage the EU’s common
policies, such as research and technology, overseas aid, regional development, etc.
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Innovation and safety policies, an example
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Nanobiotechnology, nano-safety and risk assessment
Nanofabrication process of a polymer prepared with colloidal lithography in order
to produce a sensor for the study of protein interaction© EC (2009)
An important objective of the JRC research is to reduce the knowledge gaps
related to nanotechnology impacts on human health and the environment. The
research targets improved risk assessment and management, but also the study
of innovative possibilities of nanotechnology. The JRC houses extensive expertise
and laboratory equipments for studies of, for example, the interaction of
nanomaterials with living organisms in order to obtain a better understanding of
potential risks to health and the environment.
The NANOhub is a comprehensive IT platform dedicated to the management of
safety/risk assessment information on nanomaterials.
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Nanofabrication process of a polymer prepared with colloidal
lithography in order to produce a sensor for the study of protein
interaction
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How does the EU spend its money?
2013 EU budget: €150.9 billion
= 1.13% of gross national income
Citizens, freedom,
security and justice
1%
The EU as a global player:
including development aid
6%
Natural resources:
agriculture,
environment
40%
Other, administration
6%
Sustainable growth:
jobs, competitiveness, regional development
47%
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2. How the EU
legislation is created
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Regulations, Directives and other acts
The aims set out in the EU treaties are achieved by several types of legal act. Some are binding,
others are not. Some apply to all EU countries, others to just a few.
Regulations
A "regulation" is a binding legislative act. It must be applied in its entirety across the EU. For example, when the
EU wanted to protect the names of agricultural products coming from certain areas such as Parma ham, the
Council adopted a regulation.
Directives
A "directive" is a legislative act that sets out a goal that all EU countries must achieve. However, it is up to the
individual countries to decide how. This was the case with the working time directive, which stipulates that too
much overtime work is illegal. The directive sets out minimum rest periods and a maximum number of working
hours, but it is up to each country to devise its own laws on how to implement this.
Decisions
A "decision" is binding on those to whom it is addressed (e.g. an EU country or an individual company) and is
directly applicable. For example, when the Commission issued a decision fining software giant Microsoft for
abusing its dominant market position , the decision applied to Microsoft only.
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Legal basis
Directive 89/391/EEC on measures to improve safety and health at work:
encourages improvements in occupational health and safety in all sectors
of activity, both public and private.
promotes workers' rights to make proposals relating to health and safety,
to appeal to the competent authority and to stop work in the event of
serious danger.
seeks to adequately protect workers and ensure that they return home in
good health at the end of the working day.
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3. EU legislation on
safety at work
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89/391/EEC
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In addition, activities of first aid, fire-fighting and the evacuation of workers in serious and
immediate danger must be adapted to the nature of the activities and to the size of the
company. The employer must inform and train those workers who could be exposed to serious
and immediate danger.
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The employer shall establish a protection and prevention service , including first aid and
emergency teams. The employer shall therefore appoint one or several trained workers to
ensure that the measures are followed or assure external assistance.
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Monitoring the health of workers is ensured by the measures fixed in accordance with
national legislation and practice. Each worker may request a health control at regular intervals.
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Groups of people at risk or particularly sensitive people should be protected against dangers
which could affect them specifically.
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Directive 2009/104/EC – use of work equipment
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Employers’ obligations
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The employer shall take every measure to ensure the safety of the work equipment made available to
workers. During the selection of the work equipment the employer shall pay attention to the specific
working conditions which exist at the workplace, especially in relation of safety and health of the
workers. If risks cannot be fully eliminated during the operation of the work equipment, the employer
shall take appropriate measures to minimise them. Furthermore, the work equipment should comply
with relevant Community directives and/or the minimum requirements laid down in Annex I.
Throughout its working life, the employer shall keep the work equipment compliant by means of
adequate maintenance. The employer shall ensure that the work equipment is installed correctly and is
operating properly by inspection/testing of the work equipment (initial, after assembly, periodic and
special) by competent persons. The results of inspections shall be recorded and kept.
If the use of work equipment is likely to involve a specific risk the employer shall ensure restricted
access to its use, and allows of any modification by expert personnel only. Ergonomics and occupational
health aspects shall be taken fully into account by the employer.
The employer shall provide workers with adequate, comprehensible information (e.g. written
instructions) on the work equipment, detailing: the conditions of use, foreseeable abnormal situations,
any additional conclusion drawn from experience. Workers shall be made aware of dangers relevant to
them. The employer shall ensure that workers receive adequate training, including risks and specific
training on specific-risk equipment
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Directive 89/654/EEC - workplace requirements
workplace (first individual directive within the meaning of Article 16 (1) of Directive
89/391/EEC)
Contents
The Directive shall not apply to means of transport used outside the undertaking and/or the
establishment, or workplaces inside means of transport, temporary or mobile work sites,
extractive industries, fishing boats and fields, woods and other land forming part of an
agricultural or forestry undertaking but situated away from the undertaking's buildings.
Workplaces must satisfy the minimum safety and health requirements laid down in Annex I.
General obligations for the employer:
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traffic routes to emergency exits and the exits themselves are kept clear at all times
technical maintenance of the workplace and of the equipment and devices is carried
out as quickly as possible
the workplace and the equipment and devices are regularly cleaned to an adequate
level of hygiene
safety equipment and devices intended to prevent or eliminate hazards are regularly
maintained and checked.
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Directive 2006/95/EC - electrical equipment
• Contents
• This Directive does not apply to electrical equipment intended for export to
third countries.
• Member States must take all appropriate measures to ensure that electrical
equipment may be placed on the market only if it does not endanger the
safety of people, domestic animals or property when properly installed and
maintained and used in applications for which it was made. Where
equipment meets the required standards, Member States may not impede
free movement within the Community for reasons of safety. Member States
must ensure that stricter requirements than specified in this Directive are
not imposed by electricity supply bodies for connection to the grid.
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