Transcript Solanum chacoense rooting response in vitro

Solanum chacoense rooting
response in vitro
Christian T. Christensen1,
Lincoln Zotarelli1, and Kathleen Haynes2
1Department
of Horticultural Sciences,
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611,
2USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705
Outline
Introduction
Current Challenges
Goals of this study
Materials
Method
Preliminary Results
Conclusions
Introduction
Solanum chacoense (chc) is a wild
species relative of the common potato
Native to Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay
Source of genetic material for breeding for
superior root biomass and higher N uptake
efficiency (NUpE)
Current Challenges
Potato varieties concentrate roots in upper
30-cm of soil (Opena and Porter, 1999)
Irrigated potato crop has the potential to
recover 33 to 56% N applied (Errehbi et
al., 1998)
Sandy soils have low CEC contributing to
loss of nitrogen
High Thru-Put System
2013 & 2014
Tissue Culture
2014 & 2015
Greenhouse
Efficient breeding
of
Improved varieties
2014 & 2015
Field
Current Goal
Investigate root architecture in short day
adapted S. chacoense (chc) (2x)
Compare S. chacoense to S. phureja x S.
stenotomum (phu x stn) (2x) and S.
tuberosum (tub) (4x) long day adapted
species
Select S. chacoense genotypes as
sources of increased NUpE for future
potato breeding efforts
NUpE
Defined as Plant N/ Available Soil N
Correlated to rooting parameters
S. chacoense has shown superior NUpE
when compared to 22 other wild species of
potato
– (Errebhi et al., 1999)
Materials
19 S. chacoense clones
37 S. phureja x stenotomum clones
5 commercial varieties
– ‘Elkton’, ‘Harley Blackwell’, ‘Irish Cobbler’,
‘Kanona’, and ‘NorValley’
S. chacoense
S. phu x stn
S. tuberosum
Method
3 plantlets per a clone or variety/N
treatment
Grown in tissue culture for four weeks
Ms Media
2 nitrogen treatments (50% and 100%N)
Nutrients
NH4NO3
KNO3
CaCL2-2H2O
KHPO4
H3BO3
MnSO4-H2O
ZnSO4-H2O
Kl
Na2MoO4-2H2O
CuSO4-5H2O
CoCl-6H2O
50% N Media (g/L)
7.5
8.636364
1.545455
1.545455
0.056364
0.153636
0.078182
0.007545
0.022727
0.022727
0.011364
100% N Media (g/L)
15
17.27273
1.545455
1.545455
0.056364
0.153636
0.078182
0.007545
0.022727
0.022727
0.011364
Method
Entire plantlets were scanned
Analyzed using WinRHIZO root software
(Regent Instruments Inc.)
Rooting
Parameters
Root length (cm)
Root average
diameter (cm)
Root surface
area (cm2)
Root volume
(cm3)
USDA-ARS
Beltsville, MD 20705
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL, 32611
Tips (n)
Forks (n)
Preliminary Results: Rooting Overall
S. chacoense
S. phureja x
S. stenotomum
S. tuberosum
Length (cm)
Diameter (cm)
Surface area
(cm2)
Volume (cm3)
Tips (n)
Forks (n)
S. chacoense
7.6
0.79
2.34
0.06
18
14
S. tuberosum
4.1
0.55
1.21
0.03
10
4
S. phureja x S.
stenotomum
1.7
0.25
0.21
<0.01
8
3
Nitrogen Rate
Length (cm)
Diameter (cm)
Surface area
(cm2)
Volume (cm3)
Tips (n)
Forks (n)
50%
7.14
0.70
2.21
0.78
0.06
16.51
100%
6.01
0.58
1.83
0.72
0.05
16.47
Specie
6.00
0.00
ChcA-3
ChcA-5
ChcA-6
ChcA-8
ChcB-10
ChcB-3
ChcB-5
ChcB-6
ChcC-6
ChcC-8
ChcC-9
ChcD-2
ChcD-6
ChcD-7
ChcD-8
Bchc0043-1
Bchc0043-2
Bchc0043-3
Bchc0043-4
BD1141-1
BD1141-3
BD1141-6
BD1141-7
BD1142-10
BD1142-2
BD1142-4
BD1142-6
BD1144-1
BD1144-10
BD1144-2
BD1144-3
BD1144-4
BD1146-1
BD1146-2
BD1146-9
BD1147-2
BD1147-5
BD1147-6
BD1147-7
BD1147-8
BD1148-1
BD1148-4
BD1148-6
BD1150-1
BD1150-2
BD1150-6
BD1150-9
BD1153-1
BD1153-3
BD1153-6
BD1153-7
BD1153-9
BD1154-1
BD1154-2
BD1154-5
BD1154-6
Elkton
Harley Blackwell
Irish Cobbler
Konona
Lopetulum-4
Nor Valley
Surface area (cm3)
Results
Genotypic Variation of Surface Area
In Tissue Culture
8.00
7.00
Solanum chacoense
Solanum phureja x Solanum stenotomum
Genotype
Solanum
tuberosum
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
Conclusion
Information could allow for the breeding of
new potato varieties with improved NUpE
through the utilization of S. chacoense
rooting traits
Improved NUpE potatoes may reduce
nitrogen inputs and thus alleviating some
environmental and economical concerns
Acknowledgments
USDA-ARS Beltsville, MD
– Dr. Kathleen Haynes: Committee Member
– Karen Frazier: T.C. Technician
University of Florida
– Dr. Lincoln Zotarelli: Advisor
– Dr.Rebecca Darnell: Committee Member
– Charles ‘Ethan’ Kelly: Lab and Field
Technician
Literature Cited
Errebhi, M., C.J. Rosen, S.C. Gupta, and D.E. Birong. 1998b. Potato yield
response and nitrate leaching as infl uenced by nitrogen management.
Agron. J. 90:10–15.
Errebhi M, C.J. Rosen, F.I. Lauer, M.W. Martin, and J.B. Bamberg. 1999.
Evaluation of tuberbearing Solanum species for nitrogen use efficiency and
biomass partitioning. Amer JPotato Res 76:143-151.
Opena, G.B., Porter, G.A., 1999. Soil management and supplemental
irrigation effects on potato: II. Root growth. Agronomy Journal 91, 426–431.
Questions