Transcript Energy Flow - Londonderry NH School District

U11: Energy Flow
ECDCICA
What’s for Lunch?
• Black Bear
• Raccoon
What’s for Lunch?
• Ruffed Grouse
• Hawk
Trophic Level
• Ecosystems are structured by who eats whom.
A trophic level is the position that an
organism occupies in a food chain- what it
eats and what eats it. Every organism belongs
to at least one feeding level or tropic level.
Energy Pyramid
• A graphical representation to show the
relationship between energy and the trophic
levels of a given system is an Energy Pyramid.
Law of Thermodynamics
• As chemical energy
flows through an
ecosystem heat energy
is lost at each trophic
level. Only 10% of the
chemical energy
transfers and 90% is lost
as heat energy.
• This heat energy loss is
displayed in the Energy
Pyramid.
Law of Thermodynamics
Law of Thermodynamics
Trophic Level
• Producers make their
own food through
photosynthesis or
chemosynthesis
• Examples: grass, fern,
cactus, flowering plant,
tree, algae, some
bacteria
Trophic Level
• Consumers get their energy by eating
producers or other consumers.
• Examples: mouse, starfish, turtle,
paramecium, sponge, ant, human
Trophic Level
• Decomposers break
down dead organisms
in an ecosystem and
return the nutrients to
soil, water and air.
Converts bond energy
from dead and decaying
organisms into heat.
Examples: fungus,
bacteria
What can make their own food?
Producers!
Autotroph auto means self
troph means nourish
• An organism that produces, or makes
their own food. Autotrophs are also
called producers.
Cannot make their own food
• Heterotroph hetero means other
troph means nourish
• An organism that obtains its energy by the
consumption of or decaying of other organisms.
• Heterotrophs are also called consumers
(consumption) or decomposers (decaying).
Types of organisms
A. Consumers in an ecosystem
• Primary Consumer
– The first consumer
in a food chain/
food web and
consumes a
producer.
• Herbivores or plant
eater
• Secondary Consumer – The second consumer
in a food chain/food web.
• Tertiary Consumer – The third consumer in a
food chain/food web.
What it eats – niche in the food web
• Herbivore – An organism that eats plants, nuts,
berries ie. rabbit, deer
• Omnivore – An organism that eats plants and
animals ie. black bear, human
• Carnivore – An organism that eats animals ie. wolf,
hawk, whale
• Scavenger – An organism that feeds off of dead
animals that they did not hunt or kill themselves.
ie. vulture
Where are the Omnivores?
Predator vs Prey
• Predator – An organism that feeds on what it
hunts and kills ie. coyote
• Prey – An organism that is hunted and killed for
food ie: mouse
• Is a producer prey? ______
• Can an organism be both prey and predator? ___
Food Chain – A pathway in which
energy flows through an ecosystem.
Food Web – All possible pathways in which
energy flows through an ecosystem.
Energy flow… how it begins
• Photosynthesis – Conversion of sun’s energy to
chemical energy (food). Performed by producers.
6CO2 + 12H2O + Sunlight energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H20
(C6H12O6 = glucose, food energy, chemical energy,
potential energy - in bonds)
• Cellular Respiration – Process by which
chemical energy (food) is converted to usable
energy. Performed by producers, consumers
and decomposers!
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 2ATP  6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP
(usable energy for cells)
________________________
_________________________
_________________
Water is released
___________________________
2 ATP
Energy Flow
Energy in a Pond
Circle the Autotrophs and draw a rectangle around the Heterotrophs
Draw an arrow to all organisms that would be an energy source for decomposers
Label PH – for all organisms that perform Photosynthesis
Label CR – for all organisms that perform Cellular Respiration
Label 1E – for the primary energy source in this ecosystem
Label 1C - primary consumers, Label 2C – secondary consumers & Label 3C- tertiary consumers
List abiotic factors in pond __________________________________________________
Energy Flow - Label in the diagram:
chemical energy transfer (10%) or heat
energy loss (90%)