Transcript RTD software for identification of spatially localised

RTD software for
identification of spatially
localised models
and data standardisation
R.Žitný, J.Thýn
Czech Technical University in Prague
.History of RTD software
development at CTU
• Radiotracers group UVVVR since 1965.
• First generation of RTD (mainframe), 1973-1980
• Second generation (HP Basic), 1978-1989
• Third generation (IBM PC), 1989-1999
• Fourth generation ?
First generation of RTD
RTD interpret
RTD1
Laguerre functions
RTD2
Time domain
RTD3
Identification
• Portability (Fortran 4, file oriented I/O)
• Transparency (easy modifications)
• Simple (user friendly) definition of batch
Example of batch (identification)
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INPUT(1)
INPUT(2)
NORM2(1,2)
ECOEF2(1,2,3)
TPOINT(3)
STOP
data (ti,ci) for time curve 1 –
inlet stream
– data (ti,ci) for time curve 2 –
outlet stream.
Third generation of RTD
RTD
RTD0
c(T) processing
non-equidistant functions
corrections
RTD1
Time/Fourier domain
convolution/deconvolution
splines, Laguerre, FFT
RTD2
Numerical sol. ODE
identification
interactive models MDF
 Interactive Fortran77, (Matrix Editor, PF)
 Regularisation in time, Fouriere, Laguerre domain
 Identification of mixed type parameters (integer/real)
 Definition of models using MDF
Black - Gray box analysis
RTD1
Flow unit characterised by
IMPULSE RESPONSES
(t,E or by Fourier series)
Convolution and deconvolution
Flow unit characterised by
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(first order, nonlinear)
Numerical integration
RTD2
Model definition file (MDF)
C______1 series & backmixing
[P1] Backmixing ratio
[email protected]
[P2] Mean residence time [email protected]
[P3] Number of units @3F6.0
\\INIT
real tm,f,aux integer i
f=p(1) neq=p(3) tm=p(2)/neq c(1)=1/tm
\\MODEL
dc(1)=(x+f*c(2)-(1+f)*c(1))/tm
i=1
while i<neq-1 do
begin i=i+1
aux=(1+f)*c(i-1)+f*c(i+1)-(1+2*f)*c(i)
dc(i)=aux/tm
end
dc(neq)=((1+f)*(c(neq-1)-c(neq)))/tm
y=c(neq)
\\PARAM
Models defined by users
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variable flow/volume,
axial dispersion
collimation characteristics,
heat transfer
multiple inlets/outlets,
heterogeneous system
batch systems
RTD0 application
Operations
Moments, peaks
Corrections
Decomposition
Z-transformation
variance, area, Peclet
background raise, tail, decay
regression (exponential, power)
variable flow
• Steam velocity. Venturimeter calibration;(NZ)
• Effective volume, holdup. Waste stabilization pond (Ph; Ml), Holding tanks (Alumina
industry) (Au), Rotary kiln (Cz)
• Parallel flows, bypass,channeling. Tank with settler - pilot plant (K), Ethylalcohol
reactor (Cz), Precipitation tanks (Au), Holding tanks (Au)
• Mixing characteristic, axial dispersion
• Recirculation flowrate ratio
• Separation effect,tracer balance. Cement industry -Cyclone (K)
RTD1 application
Operations
Crosscorrelation
(De)convolution - regularisation
Systems with recycles
time delay, PRBS, frequency char.
E(t) identification, response prediction
identification, response predictions
Splines (linear/cubic)
FFT (sin,cos)
Laguerre functions
• Flow rate measurement. Steam velocity measur.(NZ), flowrate measurement (K), incinerator
(NZ), temperature disturbances (extremely slow flowrate) (Cz)
• RTD functions: E(t), F(t), 8(t). Fluidized catalytic cracking (Au, Fi), Settling tank;
waste water treatment (Cz), Heat exchanger (In,K), Evaporator (In), Aniline reactor (In), Indirect rotary dryer (In),
Mercury removal unit (Th), Electron beam gas chamber (K), Direct ohmic heating (Cz)
• Smoothing, disturbance attenuation. Waste water treatment (Cz)
• Transfer functions, Frequency characteristics, Waste water treatment
(Cz), furnace for glass (Cz)
RTD2 application
Time domain models
Laplace domain models
Predictions, identification
Identification, response prediction
Multiple inlets
Impulse responses
responses, identification
identification
Laplace transformation
• Pilot plants. Mixed Tank (K); Extractor (Tl), Hygienization irradiator for waste water (batch system)
• Waste water treatment. Tank of activated sludge (TAS), air tubes (Ge), aeration turbines (Cz)
Gold system of activation (Cz), Sedimentation tanks (Cz), Equalization unit (Cz) Facultative oxidation Pond (Ph,Ml)
• Heat exchangers. Tubular heat exchanger (In),(K)
• Evaporation, dehydratation. Semi-Kestner (sugar industry) (In), Rotary dryer (In),
Dehydratation rotational furnace (pigment production) (Cz)
• Reactors. Production of aldehydes (Cz), Production of aniline (In), FCC crackinkg (1)Au, (2) Fi),
• Alumina production (Au). Precipitators; digestors; agglomeration, holding tanks
• Electron beams gas chamber (K). Chamber with baffles, chamber without baffles
• Disintegration effect Hammer mill (Cz), drum furnace (Cz)
Process modelling, LPM
and CFD
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tracer
LPM
CFD
CM
EXP
EXPeriments
Past
Present
Future
• Lumped Parameter (LPM)
(CFD)
Combined Models (CM)
• Computer fluid dynamics
•
Why spatially localised
models?
• Improved description and design of processes
Reaction is where?
• Improved diagnostics
• Residence time and temperature time T(t)
• Thermal or irradiation treatment
H1
I(z)
H2
u(r)
D
z
Spatially localised LPM
Distance=
?
• Series
Constant concentration in the view field
• Parallel
Distance=?
Non-uniform concentration in the view field
LPM & collimation algorithm
FCC -Fluidised Cracking
Core - Anulus model (ccore, cwall =?)
ccore  C11 x1  C12 x2
cwall  C21 x1  C22 x2
dccore
 C112  C122
dx
dcwall
 C212  C222
dx
EXP & collimation algorithm
Direct
Ohmic
Heating
Collimated
Detector
CFD & collimation algorithm
FEM-COSMOS/M
Collimated
Detector
CV-FLUENT (600000 nodes, 600 MB results)
Direct
Ohmic
Heating
CFD/EXP collimation algorithm
d
d (h  z )
R1  ; R2 
2
2z
1
b
4 R12 R22  (e 2  R12  R22 ) 2
2
b
b
2
S  R arcsin
 R2 arcsin
b
eR1
eR2
hr
e
z
2
1
Sz
dJ 
2
2 3/ 2 c( t , r cos  , r sin  , z ) dz  dr  rd
4 (r  z )
Focused collimation algorithm
Focused
collimated
detector
4th generation RTD software
• Project file
• Script
• Programs
Conceptual
scheme
CORE
OPTIM
Data manager
(filters)
Optimised
parameters
Working files
SCRIPT
sequence of
called
programs and
specification
of data, i.e.
PROG [names
of sections $..]
Model solver
(MDF)
numerical
integration
Model solver
(fixed models)
numerical
integration
FFT
Deconvolution
(regularisation)
Convolution
Rxx Rxy
• Project file
• Script
• Programs
Normalisation
Comparion
(optim. criteria)
Collimator
/detector
Fluent
conversion
Cosmos
conversion
$MDF
name
\\icon {bitmap file reference)
<! comment
$MDF-FTP
name
<! model definition >
URL
keywords
INTEGER, REAL,
IF THEN
WHILE DO
BEGIN END
operators
+ - * / ** = <= >= <> | & ()
functions
sin,cos,exp,log,abs,min,max,erf,
gama,rnd,atn,bj,by (Bessel funct.,
Laguerre, Legendre, Cheb. polyn.)
COLC(), COLS() - collimators
system variables
T,X,Y,C(),DC(),P(),NEQ,NP,..
$COLLIM
name
<! comment>
geometry,window,...
$CONNECT
name
name XYZ
<!connectivity matrix for
CFD results>
el1 M1 i1 ...iM1
>
\\INITIAL
....initial conditions
\\MODEL
... diff. equations defining model
...
$XYZ
name
<! nodal points coordinates
(CFD results)>
coordinate system
1 x1 y1 z1
...
$PAR
name
name MDF
<! model parameters>
p1,...
$CT
name
<!time course (dt=time step)>
\\dt
c1
....
cN
$CTN
name
name XYZ
<! Predicted nodal values
at a specified time>
time
1 c1
2 c2
...
$CF
name
name CT
<! Fourier transform>
\\df
Re1 Im1
$TUPLEXIN
name
<! example of "foreign"
CFD program>
...
Conventions adopted:
ReN, ImN
-
$JOURNAL
name
<! >
-
section begins with $ in the
first column
name-arbitrary name of a
specific instance
<! ...> any comments
FRONT
END
• Windows
• Visual studio?
• Linux
GTK library
for Windows and Unix
UNIX or
Windows ?
B.G.makes
stars from
secretaries
and idiots
from experts