Scholarly Communication Issues
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Transcript Scholarly Communication Issues
Scholarly Communication and Collection
Development Librarians: Getting the
Conversation Started
Karen Fischer
The University of Iowa Libraries
November 6, 2008
Agenda
Foundations
Areas of Expertise
Methods of Education/Training
Challenges Ahead & Next Steps
Questions/Discussion
Defining Scholarly Communication
Scholarly Communication means the formal and informal
processes through which research results and other scholarly work
are evaluated, disseminated to other researchers and scholars,
students, policy makers and the public.
Publisher
Faculty
=
Libraries
Users
Stages : the Road to a Scholarly
Communication Program
Awareness
Understanding
Ownership
Activism
Transformation
Ogburn, Joyce. Defining and Achieving Success in the Movement to
Change Scholarly Communication. Library Resources & Technical
Services, April 2008.
Scholars must be the new face of the effort to
change the scholarly communication system
and focus on how the present system
restricts access to their research.
Stemper and Williams, Scholarly communication: Turning crisis into
opportunity, C&RL News, December 2006, Vol. 67, No. 11
What Matters To Scholars?
What matters to Researchers and Scholars?
Accessibility
Cost
Rights
Quality
JISC, Executive Summary, Key ConcernsWithin the Scholarly
Communication Process, Mar 2008
Why Scholars Publish
To make an impact / have an effect on their field
To build a reputation
To engage with other scholars
To fulfill institutional expectations (get tenure,
promotion, etc.)
Professional advancement (another position,
grants)
To make money, become famous
Areas of Expertise
Author rights/Copyright
Economics of publishing
Alternative publishing
Repositories
Author Rights/Copyright
What are Author Rights?
Automatic © for original work
Copyright - bundle of rights
(1) to reproduce the work; (2) to prepare derivative
works; (3) to distribute copies ; (4) to perform
publicly; (5) and to display publicly;
Faculty, graduate students and researchers own ©
to their journal articles and books, unless the sign
away their rights
Author Rights
Why retaining rights is important
What rights to retain
How to retain rights
How to Retain Rights
An author can negotiate rights transfer with the
publisher
Edit the publishing agreement
Apply an Author’s Addendum
Creative Commons
Check Publishers’ self-archiving policies
[SHERPA/RoMEO]
Economics of Publishing
Volume of information
Prices
Bundling/aggregating content
Mergers/acquisitions
Serial Expenditures in ARL libraries and the CPI, 1986-2006
325.0%
Serials Expenditures
275.0%
% Change Since 1986
225.0%
175.0%
Consumer Price Index
Serials Purchased
Serials Expenditures
125.0%
Consumer Price Index
75.0%
Serials Purchased
25.0%
-25.0%
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Sticker Shock
$21,582.26
-Journal of Comparative
Neurology
-Mitsubishi Galant
$1,300,000
-Elsevier Science Direct annual
cost
-5 bedroom, 5 bathroom mansion
in Dallas TX
E-Journal Expenditures by Publisher - 2008
Nature
2%
Univ Presses
3%
IEEE
Sage 3%
3%
Elsevier
30%
Taylor & Francis
7%
Other
10%
Springer
12%
Wiley/Blackwell
16%
Society Pubs
14%
Alternative Publishing
Open Access
Hybrid models
Libraries as Publishers
Digital Repositories
Digital Repositories
Purpose of repositories:
To create a place for author self-archiving
To archive non-standard scholarly products
To collect, disseminate, and provide
persistent and reliable access to scholarship
To support new uses of digital media for
scholarship
Digital Repositories
Challenges – Institutional Repositories
Engaging faculty and students in IR content
submission
Complicated publisher policies on what can be
deposited
Copyright issues
Faculty reservations about trends in open access
Faculty from different disciplines perceive and value
IR services differently.
Digital Repositories
“Perhaps most important to the viability of IRs,
however, were the faculty who found that the IR
could solve a particular information problem they
faced in the everyday practice of scholarship.“
Palmer, Carole L., et al. Identifying Factors of Success in CIC Institutional
Repository Development - Final Report - AUG 2008
Methods of Training
Attend the ARL/ACRL Institute on
Scholarly Communication
Create a public website on scholarly
communication
Methods of Training
Develop a Departmental Assessment Instrument
An information seeking exercise
Helps selectors get to know their department
in depth
Opens the door to discussions with faculty
Can help identify materials for institutional
repository
Methods of Training
Develop “talking points” and “slide banks”
Present forums or workshops to library staff
such as:
Author rights/Copyright
NIH Public Access Policy
Institutional repositories
Bring in an outside expert to talk to staff
Methods of Training
Develop brochures on:
Copyright
NIH Public Access Policy Overview
Showcasing your website or services related
to scholarly communication
Methods of Training
Publish a newsletter or blog on scholarly
communication topics
Transitions & Hardin Scholarly Communication
News
Sources of news:
LJ Academic Newswire
Peter Suber’s Open Access News
Scholarly Communications @ Duke
Other blogs: UIUC Libraries, MIT, Scholarly Kitchen (SSP)
Chronicle of Higher Education
Challenges Ahead and Next Steps
Area of OA and Alternative Publishing is evolving
Scholars remain uninformed about many of the
issues regarding scholarly communication.
Getting a broad group to become engaged
dialogue
One-on-one discussions with faculty are the most
effective
Questions/Discussion
Karen Fischer
University of Iowa Libraries
[email protected]
319-335-8781