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Chaire de recherche du Canada
Titulaire : Xavier Maldague
Report on project
Inter-American Materials Research
– Infrared Thermography for NDT
Xavier Maldague
Cali, March 16, 2012
Xavier Maldague
[email protected]
http://mivim.gel.ulaval.ca
Outline
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Université Laval
Electrical and Computing Engineering Dept.
Computing and Digital Systems Laboratory
MIVIM Research Chair
Infrared vision
Some Recent MIVIM Activities
Joint Inter-American project
Conclusions
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1. Université Laval
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Our location in Canada
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Université Laval
 Located in Québec City, recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage
(1663, 1852), French speaking
 over 45 000 students
 over 400 academic programs – undergraduate and graduate
 235 research centres, chairs and institutes (our: Infrared Vision)
 17 faculties (our: Science & Engineering)
 over 3,400 professors, part-time lecturers, teaching and research staff
 over 5,000,000 documents in its library collections
 Safe campus that covers 1.75 km2, 56% of which is wooded areas,
grasslands, botanical gardens and sports fields
 over 40 buildings and 10 km of underground tunnels linking all buildings
 2,277 individual rooms in on-campus residences
 one of the largest sport complexes in Canada
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Université Laval
Our Pavilion
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2. Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept.
 600 students (150 graduate students)
 23 Faculties
 25 Employees
 5 research laboratories:
8 Mar., 9:26, + 8.67°C
http://meteo-laval.gel.ulaval.ca/
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3. Computing, Vision & Digital Systems Laboratory
 7 faculties, 60 graduate students,
1 assistant
1 technican , 5 research staff,
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Stereo Vision
Sensor 3D
Sensor IR
Vidéo
Simulation Surgery
Tracking
Modeling 3D
NDE
Compression
Learning
Neural Network
Fuzzy Logic
Modeling 2D/3D
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Computer Vision and Systems Laboratory - CVSL
 The CVSL hosts the activities of 7
faculties and over 60 graduate
students and research professionals,
working on the central theme of
computer vision and its industrial and
biomedical applications:
• Evolutionary Computations,
• 3-D Sensing and Modeling,
• Virtual Reality and Simulation,
• Video Sequence Processing,
• Biological Vision,
• Cognitive Vision,
• Infrared Vision.
http://www.ulaval.ca
http://vision.gel.ulaval.ca
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4. Infrared thermography research at the CVSL
 Xavier Maldague has been professor at
the Electrical and Computing Engineering
Department of Laval University since
1989. Prof. Maldague started the
research work in infrared thermography,
NonDestructive Evaluation (NDE)
techniques and vision and digital systems
for industrial inspection in the CVSL.
• 3 books,
• More than 300 papers,
• Extensive work on infrared signal
processing and image analysis algorithms
• Chair holder of MIVIM since 2004,
renewed: 2011.
 Hakim Bendada joined the Computer
Vision and Systems Laboratory at Laval
University in Canada in 2005. His current
scientific interests are centered on
infrared vision and sensors, NDE, optical
design in thermometry, opto-thermal
inspection in industrial processes,
photothermal diagnostics, and noninvasive thermophysics.
• More than 70 papers,
• Extensive work on laser-beam
thermography, image processing and
inverse problems in heat transfer.
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Multipolar Infrared Vision Research Chair - MIVIM
 The central long-term objective of
this Canada Research Chair is to
solve the key problems limiting
the use of infrared vision in multipolar civilian applications such as
in NDE, numerical simulation,
biotech and health sector,
environment, security and other
fields as well.
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2 professors,
1 Researcher,
12 Ph. D. students,
9 M. Sc. Students.
Canada Research
Chairs
http://mivim.gel.ulaval.ca
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Team MIVIM 2012
 Professors (2):
• Xavier Maldague (Chair holder)
• Hakim Bendada
 Researcher (1) :
• Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo
 Ph. D. (12) :
• Hai Zhang, Moulay Akhloufi, Frank
Billy Djupkep Dizeu, Yuxia Duan,
Amira Ebeid, Marc Grenier, Matthieu
Klein, Louis St-Laurent, Reza Shoja
Ghiass, Hai Zhang, Henrique
Fernandes, Simon Fisette
 M. Sc. (9) :
• M.-A. Béland, N. Boutellis, Z. Fang, K.
Peycheva, L.-D. Théroux, É. Turenne,
V. Paquin, Ph. Tran-Gia, O. Lévesque
 Main research areas:
http://mivim.gel.ulaval.ca
• NDT, security, biomedical, etc.
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5. Infrared vision
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5. Infrared vision
 Infrared vision is a
subdivision of computer
vision (i.e. the use of
computers to emulate
human vision), which
employs (low-, mid- and
high-level) computerized
processes to "make sense"
of images generated in the
infrared part of the
electromagnetic (EM)
spectrum.
0.01 mm
0.4
UV
VIS
Non-thermal
reflections
0.7
1
2
3
NIR
SWIR
Reflectography/
transmittography
MWIR
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Thermal
emissions
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Low
80%
atmospheric
transmittance atmospheric
transmission
window
Thermography
LWIR
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100
FIR
THz
Terahertz imaging
1000 mm
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Non-thermal IR vision
NIR/SWIR
reflections or
transmissions
Reflectography
Transmittography
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Thermal IR vision
Thermal
emissions
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IR vision: summary of characteristics
Non-thermal vision
Thermal vision
 NIR (0.7-1.1 mm) or
SWIR(1.1-2.5 mm
 MWIR (3-5 mm) or
LWIR (7-14 mm)
 Reflections/transmissions
 Thermal emissions
 Single images
 3D thermogram sequences
(time)
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6. Some Recent MIVIM: Activities
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IR vision application example: artworks inspection
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Infrared reflectography/transmittography
Visible
photograph
Infrared reflectrograms
NIR (780 nm)
SWIR (1650 nm)
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Non-thermal infrared vision
and applications
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Fat estimation in near infrared
Canadian beef grading
The key grading criteria for the
quality grades are carcass maturity,
muscling, meat quality, external fat
covering, and marbling.
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Fat estimation in near infrared (cont.)
NIR transmittogram mechanism
through the meat: top and bottom
faces of meat sample
Visible
NIR (940 nm)
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Fat estimation in near infrared (cont.)
700 – 1100 nm
Model of two matched
regions to evaluation the
volume of the marbling
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Fat estimation in near infrared (cont.)
Sample
Propos
ed
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MIN
2
3
4
13.44
11.59
15.7
30.36
26.91
30.79
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17.92
6
19.5
7
14.19
8
1906
21.42
MAX
method
(%)
Chemical
23.46
(%)
3D illustration the two sides of the meat sample.
(From top to bottom: VIS image top face; NIR image top face;
NIR image bottom face and VIS image bottom face.)
Sample
Propos
ed
23.6
24.97
21.69
26.07
23.76
method
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MIN
16.92
10
19.46
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19.30
12
10.9
12.98
17.08
16.99
28.44
31.86
40.26
40.73
13.13
17.60
20.00
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17.67
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14.4
20.12
15
13.3
20.27
16
12
11.2
MAX
Chemical Method
method
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(%)
30
Chemical
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Sample
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Proposed method (%)
(%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Chemical method (%)
27.05
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MIN
MAX
0
31.46
20.18
17.9
17.1
method
25.70
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19.25
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24.43
20
15.4
19.88
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24.4
13.51
22
8.3
12.9
8.79
6.7
18.47
22.81
29.16
35.55
22.72
19.43
9.55
15.65
18.77
30.60
13.51
12.80
Proposed Method
MIN(r=0.75)
MAX(r=0.65)
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Vein extraction for Biometry, etc.
700 – 1100 nm
extraction
Light skin
Dark intermediate
skin
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NIR reflectography/transmittography of GFRP
900 – 1700 nm
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Thermal vision: Passive thermography
and applications
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Security applications (1)
 People tracking : visible + IR
Infrared
Visible
Acquisition
Acquisition
Background subtraction
Background subtraction
Blob tracking
Blob tracking
Object tracking
Object tracking
Merging
Master/Slave channel merging: dotted line
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Security applications (2)
 Parking lot
People class: "Stop walking" and "Resume walking" actions
Vehicle class: "parking" and "starting" actions are shown
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Biological applications (1)
 Investigation of blood circulation in snow goose legs
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Biological applications (2)
 Farm Animal Production: Monitoring Applications
• Stress in chickens
• Cow calving
• Cow counting
1day, 16 day
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3D air temperature measurement:
local comfort assessment
calibration
target
(RANSAC algorithm)
Homography Hv between visible image n
and reference visible image
Hvn,ref  Hv1,ref




n 1

i 1

Hvi 1,i 


Homography Hir between IR image n
and reference IR image
A/ Visible camera
B/ IR camera
C/ Pan-tilt Unit
Hirn, ref  Hvir Hvn, ref  Hvir1
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3D air temperature measurement (cont.)
outside
visible
temperature
HxLxD=3m x 3m x3m
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Thermal vision: Active thermography
and applications
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Active thermography for
NDT (NonDestructive Testing)
 Active thermography is based on the detection and recording by an
infrared camera of thermal radiations emitted by object surface.
 Presence of an internal defect reveals itself on surface by the
temperature perturbation above this defect.
 To detect defects, it is sometimes necessary to destabilize the
object thermal state through heating or cooling (→ active
thermography ).
Talk of Dr. Ibarra-Castanedo
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7. Joint Inter-American project
Canada / Colombia
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Joint Inter-American project: Canada / Colombia
 Topic: Infrared Thermography for NonDestructive Testing (NDT)
 Funded in Canada by: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada (NSERC) and in Colombia by Colciencias
 Period 1 – 2004 to 2009
 Period 2 – 2009 to 2012, including an «End-of-Project Seminar»
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Joint Inter-American project: Involved students
 Graduate Student: Ph. D. completed
1. Mirela SUSA on Numerical modeling of pulse thermography
experiments for defect characterization purposes (2009)
 Graduate Student: Ph. D. in progress
1. Hai ZHANG on Infrared Thermography for Polymer NDT
(2012)
2. Henrique FERNANDES on Infrared Thermography for
Polymer Properties Assessment (2012)
3. Yuxia DUAN on Probability of detection for Infrared NDT
(2009)
4. Marc GRENIER on Inductive Infrared Thermography (2007)
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Joint Inter-American project: Involved students
 Graduate Student: M. Sc. completed
1. Wael Ben LARBI on Comparaison of Modulated and Pulsed
Thermography (2007)
2. Jean-Marc PIAU on Developpement of procedures for Sonic
Thermography (2007)
3. Stéphane GUIBERT on Numerical Interface for
Thermography (2006)
4. Chen LIU on Thermography of Complex Geometry
Specimens (2006)
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Joint Inter-American project: Involved students
 Graduate Student: M. Sc. in progress
1. Phuong TranGia on Eddy Current Thermography for Cracks
Detection (2011)
2. Kira Peycheva on Experimental Vibro-thermography (2010)
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Joint Inter-American project: Papers (Cali+Quebec)
1. H. Benitez, H. Loaiza; E. F. Caicedo Bravo, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, A. Bendada; X. Maldague, “Defect characterization in
infrared non destructive testing with learning machines,” NDT&E Int’l, 42: 630–643, 2009.
2. H. D. Benitez, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, A. Bendada, X. Maldague, H. Loaiza, E. Caicedo, “Definition of a new thermal contrast
and pulse correction for defect quantification in pulsed thermography, Infrared Physics and Technology, 51[3]: 160-167,
January 2008.
3. M. Susa, H. Benitez, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, H. Loaiza, A. Bendada, X. Maldague, “Phase contrast using Differentiated
Absolute Contrast Method”, J. QIRT, 3[2]: 219-230, 2006.
4. H. Benitez , A. Bendada, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, X. Maldague, H. Loaiza, "Analytical forward and inversion modeling of
infrared phase images using thermal quadrupole theory in pulsed phase thermography”, 9th AITA, Mexico, October 2007.
5. Ibarra-Castanedo C., González D., Benitez Restrepo H. D., Bendada H. and Maldague X. “Estado del arte en el procesado de
señales infrarojas para la evaluación no destructiva de materiales,” XI Simposio de Tratamiento de Señales, Imágenes y
Visión Artificial, Bogota, Colombia, Paper No. STS532, Septembre 13-15, 2006.
6. Benitez H., Ibarra-Castanedo C., Loaiza H., Caicedo E., Bendada A., and Maldague X. “Defect quantification with
thermographic signal reconstruction and artificial neural networks,” QIRT 8 – Quantitative Infrared Thermography,
Padova, Italy, June 28-30, 2006.
7. Susa M., Benitez H., Ibarra-Castanedo C., Loaiza H. and Maldague X. “Phase contrast using differentiated absolute contrast
method,” QIRT 8 – Quantitative Infrared Thermography, Padova, Italy, June 28-30, 2006.
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Joint Inter-American project: Papers (Period 2 only)
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14.
Y. Duan, P. Servais, M. Genest, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, and X. P. V. Maldague, “ThermoPoD: A Reliability Study on Active Infrared Thermography for the
Inspection of Composite Materials,” submitted 14 Dec 2011 to Journal of Mechanical and Science Technology.
C. Ibarra-Castanedo, A. Bendada, N. Avdelidis, X. P. V. Maldague, Nondestructive Assessment of Glass Fibre Composites by Mid-Wave and Near
Infrared Vision, Special Issue of Materials Transactions for APCNDT 2009, accepted Nov. 28th, 2011.
C. Ibarra-Castanedo, N. P. Avdelidis, E. G. Grinzato, P. G. Bison, S. Marinetti, C. Cochior Plescanu, A. Bendada and X. P. Maldague, “Delamination
detection and impact damage assessment of GLARE by active thermography,” Int. J. Materials and Product Technology, 41[1/2/3/4]: 5-16, 2011.
Fr. J. Madruga, C. Ibarra-Castanedo, O. M. Conde, J. M. López-Higuera, X. Maldague, Infrared thermography processing based on higher-order
statistics, NDT & E International, 43[8]: 661-666, November 2010.
M. Susa, X. Maldague, I. Boras, "Improved method for absolute thermal contrast evaluation using Source Distribution Image (SDI), Infrared Physics &
Technology, 53: 197-203, March 2010.
C. Ibarra-Castanedo, A. Bendada, X. P. V. Maldague, N. Avdelidis, "Nondestructive assessment of glass fibre composites by near and mid-wave
infrared vision," accepted to Materials Transactions of Japan Soc. for NonDestructive Inspection (JSNDI), 2.2012.
C. Ibarra-Castanedo, J.-M. Piau, S. Guilbert, N. P. Avdelidis, M. Genest, A. Bendada and X. P. V. Maldague, “Comparative study of active thermography
techniques for the nondestructive evaluation of honeycomb structures,” Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 20: 1-31, 2009.
J.-M. Piau, A. Bendada and X. Maldague, “Ultrasound Vibrothermography Applications for Nondestructive Discontinuity Detection, ” Materials
Evaluation, 66[10]: 1047-1052, 2008.
P. Servais, N. Gerlach, J. Habermehl, C. Ibarra-Castanedo and X. Maldague, “Characterization of manufacturing and maintenance aerospace
composite defects using infrared thermography, ” Materials Evaluation, 66[9]: 955-962, 2008. ASNT Outstanding Paper Award 2009.
C. Ibarra-Castanedo, M. Genest, M.Grenier, J.-M. Piau, A. Bendada, X. Maldague, "Active infrared thermography with applications,"IEEE Canadian
Review / La Revue canadienne de l'IEEE”, 57:8-12, Spring / Printemps 2008.
J.-M. Piau, A. Bendada, X. Maldague, J.-G. Legoux, Nondestructive inspection of open micro-cracks in thermallysprayed-coatings using ultrasound
excited vibrothermography, Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, 23[2]: 109-120, 2008.
M. Genest, D. S. Forsyth, X. Maldague, “Comparison of Solid Highlighter Materials for Thermography,” CINDE Journal, 28[4]: 7-12, JulyAugust 2007.
C. Ibarra-Castanedo, M. Genest, P. Servais, X. P. V. Maldague and A. Bendada, “Qualitative and quantitative assessment of aerospace structures by
pulsed thermography,” Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, special issue on infrared thermography, 22[2]: 199 - 215, 2007.
+ more than 30 conference papers
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7. Conclusions
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Conclusions

The Inter-American Materials Research Project
Cali/Québec on Infrared Thermography for NDT has
been quite successful in terms of: involved students and
prepared papers (journals, conferences)

Many exchanges took place between Pontificia
Universidad Javeriana and Université Laval

Plan is to continue our cooperation, for example by
involving graduate students and working on common
projects

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
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