The Israeli Jews are taking over land held by Palestinian Arabs

Palestine?

While the US considered the Nationalist interests for against Communism, the Imperial US forces was really a war between what?

The Middle East is Easy and fast trading waterways, what advantage does this give the area?

Great Leap Forward

plans; What was Chairman Mao’s modernization program called?

Who owns the means of production The Government Socialism another name for this?

During the Long March the support of the care of the peasants

Bellringer

Revolution in Russia? In China?

Why was the Cultural Revolution a failure?

Both the Soviet Union and China began programs to China: Great Leap Forward what were they called?

Explain why Communist nations communist leaders to maintain control Religion

We disagreed that Why did the West since he was using Nobel Peace Prize the West considers a despite China’s Objections?

The Sons take care of Why are sons valued more highly than daughters in in-laws China?

problem with a government, so it is court system that is run and operated by the government?

China’s Communist Revolution Revolution= Change

Review: China’s Geography

China has a variety of geographic features including mountains, deserts, jungles and ocean coast line. The Himalayan mountains and ocean keep China isolated, and it creates a unique culture They used Terrace Farming to grow crops on the mountains

Last time we were in China…

China had forcibly been opened to world trade by the Europeans. First, the British began importing Opium, leading to war. The Chinese lost the war because they were not industrialized. The War forced China to accept many spheres of Influence, and eventually the Open Door Policy from The United states. Additionally, Hong Kong became a British Colony introducing Democracy only to that small island.

To push out the foreign devils a group of Chinese instigated the Boxer Rebellion. They killed foreigners, but were soon put down by American and British troops.

China

“In comparison with other nations, we have the greatest population and the oldest culture, of 4,000 years’ duration. We are the poorest and weakest state in the world. While other countries were the carving knife and the serving dish we are the fish and the meat.” -Sun Yixian

What countries might be the knife?

China

Sun Yixian had led a revolt ending the Qing Dynasty. He envisioned a democratic China, and asked for help from foreign powers. Only the Soviet Union would help. Sun led the Goumindang (nationalist) party

Why would the western powers not help?

They were exploiting the weak government for the right to trade

Jiang Jeishi

Jiang took over when Sun passed away in 1925. He was supported by the rich business leaders.

Began a campaign to unite China under his control.

Viewed communism as a threat- he ordered thousands of communists killed

Mao Zedong

A communist who escaped Jiang’s brutal attacks. He sought to spread communism through the proletariat AND large peasant masses.

Mao differed from Karl Marx because he believed it was the poor peasants who would bring communism, not the proletariat workers.

The Long March 1934-1935

Jiang was determined to oust the communists (red bandits) He began a campaign to exterminate them. Using troops he repeatedly attacked the communists To survive, the communists led by Mao retreated throughout China, over 6,000 miles! Of the 100,000 communists who start the march, only 20,000 survive.

Nearly 6,000 miles long

Gaining popularity

Though Mao and his men are fleeing for their lives, the Long March becomes an excellent opportunity to gain more support. Mao instructs his men to “not take a single needle or a piece of thread from the people” The communists had to pay for goods, avoid damaging crops, and be polite to local peasants. In contrast, Jiang’s troops created damage and often plundered.

If you were a peasant, who would you support? Why?

Mao or Jiang?

Japan Invades

While Jiang is pursuing the Communists, Japan takes advantage and invades Northeast China (through Manchuria).

China is pulled by three forces: -Communists -Jiang and the Goumindang -Japan Jiang has to work with the Communists to get rid of Japan

After WWII

Mao Zedong wins control of China and implements Communism: People’s Republic of China 1949

What do we know about communism?

-Totalitarian control -Government owns “means of production” -In China- led by peasants not proletariat

Modernizing China

-Builds factories, roads and schools -Peasants given land and landlords punished

Review: Confucianism

-Confucianism is replaced with communist doctrine Chinese society was dominated by Confucian ideals of filial piety and the five the idea of Civil Service Exams for government jobs because education was valued -Women are equal and work alongside men nurseries are opened for children

Propaganda

“Great Leap Forward”

Mao began his “Great Leap Forward” program to increase farm and factory output (Similar to Stalin’s 5 year plans) by organizing China into Communes Communes were thousands of acres and included several villages, factories, schools and 20,000+ people

Disaster

The Great Leap Forward failed miserably -30 Million die from 1959-1961 due to Famine BIG IDEA: year plans both tried to increase factory and agricultural output. Both FAILED to produce enough food for the people and Famines occurred.

Cultural Revolution

In 1966 Mao began the “Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution” Goal was to get rid of bourgeoisie influences in the Government and Factories Mao urged youths to experience and participate in the Revolution- He called them his Red Guard

Red Guards

Mao used youth to lead the Cultural Revolution. Each was issued a Red book outlining his ideas.

The Red Guard attacked anyone they thought to be counter revolutionary (or against the revolution) Many were publically beaten and robbed. Some were killed or banished to rural areas.

Chaos followed and the Government, Schools and Factories stopped working.

Red Guard Power

Kids in power accusing parents, teachers, bosses of being anti revolutionary. Youths are easier to indoctrinate.

8:08- 10:42

China and the Cold War

The United States distrusted China, especially after they sided with North Korea during the Korean War.

The US didn’t recognize the Communist Government until 1979 (30 years after Mao came to power) The Soviets at first helped Mao set up communism in China, but soon disagreements caused the Soviets to withdraw support

After Mao

Mao died a national hero in 1976 because he ended foreign domination of China and restored order after WWII Deng Xiaoping takes over China and continues the Communist Revolution. However, Deng Allows for economic reforms and some capitalist ventures

Four Modernizations

Deng Xiaoping realized China needed to grow in four key areas: Agriculture- produce enough food for population Industry- improve factories Technology- Electricity to rural areas National Defense- build army Additionally, to increase China’s world strength and economy, Xiaoping allowed businesses from the US and Europe to set up factories in certain areas of China= Capitalism.

Tiananmen Square

political reforms  he maintained total control

remind you of? What does it stand for?

freedom May 1989- protesters filled Tiananmen Square asking for political say, when they refused to leave the government sent in the military and tanks and fired on the crowd. Hundreds were killed 2:09+

China’s Government remains communist with capitalist leanings. They do not address human rights in their nation…

Capitalist China

China opened up several cities to foreign investors in order to bring investment. These areas are modern, industrial and urban cities. Outside the cities, however, much of China remains rural and struggling.

Review

The goal of Mao Zedong’s “Great Leap Forward “policy was to a. Develop foreign export industries in China’s Coastal centers b. Eliminate state owned industries in China c. Modernize China’s economic system by dividing china into communes d. Introduce capitalism to the Chinese Economy

Review

A Major goal of the cultural Revolution in China during the 1960s was to a. Restore China to the glory of the Han Dynasty b. Reemphasize Confucian traditional values c. Weaken communist ideas d. Eliminate opposition to Mao Zedong

China’s human Rights …Or lack of Human Rights Human rights are the rights and freedoms all people are entitled to

Government Economy Population Labor Force Internet users

China vs. United States

China

Communist Capitalist Socialism 1.3 Billion 780 million 389 million

United States

Democratic Free Market Capitalism 313 million 155 million 245 million Many economic forecasters predict China will surpass the United States in economic strength by 2030.

Government

China is ruled by a strict Communist system. The Government is run by a committee of communist officials who make all decisions. The current president is Xi Jinping. He is determined to create reforms to strengthen communist rule for the decades to come in China.

What does this symbol mean?

Hammer- Factory workers Scythe- Agricultural workers What other nation used this symbol?

Soviet Union

China’s Human Rights Issues

-Political Oppression -The Great Firewall -One Child Policy -Laogai Camps -Organ Trade -Tibet

Political Oppression

Tiananmen Square: Students demand democratic reforms- Tanks kill thousands to crush protest Today, many protestors are jailed when they speak out against the government, or in favor of democracy.

Tiananmen Square

Tank Man became an international symbol for standing up to totalitarian regimes. No one knows who he is for sure.

Liu Xiaobo

Political reformer who led during Tiananmen Square 1989 In 2008 he wrote Charter ‘08, a call for democracy, a constitution and independent court system He was sentenced to 11 years in jail, and is still serving his time

Ai WeiWei

Artist who speaks against the government through art and an online blog Ai WeiWei became increasingly political after seeing the damage from the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan, China He has had repeated run-ins with the law and was just released from prison in 2012 “

She lived happily for seven years in this world

”

The Great

Fire

wall of China

The Chinese government monitors all internet activity.

Even Google has restrictions and is heavily censored Netizens- Chinese bloggers who have found ways around the firewall

Created in 2005, and by 2009 China had blocked access to most of Google's features and censored searches In 2010 the Chinese Government hacked the email accounts of suspected dissidents. Outraged, Google, is threatening to withdraw service from China

One Child Policy

To combat a ballooning population, China enforced the one child policy Exceptions: -rural families with one daughter can try for a son if they apply -Families can pay a “simple” fee for additional children Can’t pay? The government will force abortion OR force adoption What message do these send to the Chinese people?

Each Chinese baby is adopted for $15,000+

One Child Policy

In November 2013 the Chinese Government announced a relaxing of the one child policy. Now, couples can have a second baby if one of the parents was an only child. The rules were changed so that there will be a larger workforce to care for the aging population of China

Laogai Labor Camps

Political prisoners and criminals are routinely sent to Laogai- forced labor prisons and re-education centers Prisoners are forced to create products, including many of the goods that end up on US Shelves

“Reform through Labor”

At least 909 Camps in China 3-5 million currently in the camps

Laogai Information:

909: Number of known Laogai camps… number is likely higher 3-5 miillion: current number of imprisoned 99% Percentage of those charged with “endangering state security” found guilty 314 Businesses linked directly to Laogai camps 40% Of Laogai prsoners are sentenced to more than 5 years imprisonment, life internment or death

Organs can cost over $50,000 and every part is used: Heart, liver, skin, kidneys, lungs… Often, prisoners are kept alive through the harvesting process to ensure healthier organ transplants

Tibet

After Mao came to power in 1949, the Chinese took over Tibet. Technically, Tibet no longer exists They have destroyed much of Tibetan culture and outlawed Buddhism. Many were sent to the Laogai camps The Dalai Lama fled to India and has remained there since 1950

Who is the Dalai Lama?

Leader of Buddhism. He has been Reincarnated 14 times. The current Dalai Lama was found when he was a toddler

Review

The Tiananmen Square massacre in China was a reaction to 1. Deng Xiaoping’s plan to revive the Cultural Revolution 2. Students demands for greater individual rights and freedom of expression 3. China’s decision to seek Western investors 4. Great Britain’s decision to return Hong Kong to China

Review

Today, human rights violations most often occur in nations in which 1. Freedom of the press exists 2. Government is limited by law 3. Leaders have absolute control 4. Government has a multiparty system

Review

Which Statement best describes a result of the student demonstrations in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square in 1989?

1. Prodemocracy protestors were successful in achieving their goals 2. A state-controlled education program was begun 3. The government further restricted freedom of expression in China 4. Collectivization programs were started in China

Review

An Analysis of the Chinese student demonstrations in Tiananmen Square in 1989 would show that 1. Communist governments continue to have little control over the actions of their citizens 2. Totalitarian governments frequently survive by the use of force 3. Peaceful demonstrations often succeed in achieving democratic reforms 4. Negative global reaction sometimes leads to economic decline

Who’s Afraid of Ai WeiWei?

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