How Did the Ideas of the Italian Renaissance Spread Throughout Europe?

 Renaissance ideas eventually spread west and north to all areas of Western Europe  Scholars and artist travelled to the Italian city-states for knowledge and brought it to their homelands  Ideas changed and adapted to fit each society  P.49

 Canada’s Renaissance type ideas

 Effects of the Renaissance across Western Europe came later but were just as significant  Feudalism   Harder to break in lands beyond Italy Owners of fiefdoms (feudal land) were strongly opposed to the Renaissance  War  Many Northern European states at war which prevented the spread of new ideas (Germany, Netherlands, England)  Religion  The Catholic Church had a stronger hold and kept the status quo (the present way of doing things)

 When the Hundred Years War ended, travel became safer  Urbanisation  France and Germany waged war on the Italian city states     Exposed European monarchs and nobility to Renaissance Ideas Ideas were borrowed from Italy Italians were hired Peace = increase in trade

 Increase in trade = increase in business and banking  Wealth used to support artists  Growth of humanism  A system of thought that centers on humans and their values; potential, and worth; concerned with the welfare of humans.

-The Printing Press -Invented by Johann Gutenberg in the mid-1400’S -First European book printed was the Gutenberg bible - Faster than copying a book by hand -More books = more readers and writers -By 1500, more than 200 printing presses -Church opposed printing of bibles for the common people = afraid they would no longer be needed

   Classical writings suggested that life on Earth has value  Before most people focused on the afterlife These writings lead people to believe that humans potential to do great things, no matter who they were Even though they believed in faith and the afterlife, humanists thought life on Earth should be rich and full.

 Scholars travelled from one university to another to study and teach new ideas  Humanism supported civic duty and the value of learning  Humanism in Europe as opposed to Italy was more focused on religious issues and learning Christian texts to become better citizens and Christians

 Francanesco Petrarch (1304-2374)  Discovered and translated ancient classical Greek and Roman texts as well as promoting their study   Believed that truly educated people read books, travelled and surrounded themselves with art Believed in God and the value of life on Earth

 Erasmus (1466-1536)  Believed people should be taught to   argue and apply their knowledge Said bible should be translated for all to read Believed the role of the Church was to teach and support the faith

 Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)  Created the essay writing form   Believed in tolerance and common sense Believed that friendship, love, and courage should form the basis of human actions

 Art began to reflect the new thinking of humanism  Began portraying the world as it really looked  After the 15th century, art focused less on religious themes  Recording the likeness of people became important  Artist travelled more and developed better techniques  Became respected and got paid  Became important contributors to society

 Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)  Painter, poet, architect, sculptor   Painted the Sistine Chapel Created realistic representations

 Leonardo da Vinci (1503-1506)    May be the best-known painter and figure of the Renaissance, genius, inventor Mona Lisa considered the most famous painting Introduced the sfumato technique (blurring of lines)

 Donatello (1386-1466)  Developed a technique for casting bronze statues - Donatello’s David (created about 1440)

   Movement of science slow during the Middle Ages     Religion Europe still very superstitious All money went to arts Universities paid little attention to science Renaissance = scientists looking at the world using reasoning and observation Accumulation of knowledge during the Renaissance lead to the age of scientific discovery

 Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)  Mathematician and astronomer    Came up with the theory that the Earth revolved around the sun rather than everything revolving around the earth Proved that the Earth rotated on its axis once a day Believed to be a heretic (having an opinion against the beliefs of a religion)

  Leonardo da Vinci  Dissected cadavers to makes drawings on anatomy  Made plans for parachutes, tanks and submarines François Viète (1540-1603)   Wrote books on trigonometry and geometry Provided solution to doubling a cube and trisecting an angle

 During the Renaissance, the mechanical clock was invented   Before the early 1500’s time was measured by  Sundials  Hourglasses Time could now be accurately measured

 Writers began to compose their works in their own languages   Vocabularies, spellings, grammar became more standardized This increased a common sense of identity among their speakers, readers and writers.

   Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)  Canterbury Tales (explained social and political circumstances of the time) Sir Thomas Moore (1478-1535)   Wrote Utopia (describes a world that has no problems) Executed for his refusal to denounce the catholic church François Rabelais (1494-1553)   Wrote Pantagruel, a series of books which made fun of aspects of society that he felt needed to be changed Great example of humanism – questioning all aspects of society

   Pléiade (mid-1500’s)  Began writing in French rather than Latin William Shakespeare (1564-1616)   Poet, playwright His works studied worldwide for their inventive use of language and their insights into human nature P.75 #1, 3 read section on Leonardo da Vinci

 Urbanization and the fall of the feudal system created a new middle class  As a result, more people had to learn to read, write and do arithmetic   Quality of Life improved  The sense of safety, comfort, security, health and happiness that a person has Urbanization lead to the growth of a capitalist society  An economic system that depends on private investment and making profit

 Trade was previously for the acquiring of basic necessities and done by bartering, but increased trade goods led to increased use of money  People became wealthier and money could therefore be used for pleasurable things such as art, music etc.

 Society started becoming more secular and people began to focus more on this life on earth  Having to do with physical things; the opposite of spiritual

 Was an extended family with father, mother, children, grandparents all living in one household.

 Father ruled the household, made all important decisions  Mothers maintained the household  Good relations very important  Children viewed as mini-adults  Married young, worked young

 Although humanist believed all should be educated, it was mostly reserved for elite men.

 Women had very little independence  A few women were writers and artists but they were considered exceptional

   Before the Renaissance, education was generally provided by the Roman Catholic Church  Focused on grammar, rhetoric (art of persuasive thinking) and logic (science of reasoning and proving arguments) The Renaissance brought education based on the value of human life and students were taught to be good citizens Began asking questions and seeking answers rather than accepting what they were told by authorities.

 Conclusion p.86

 P.87 #5, 6, 7  These are the following terms and concepts you should know from the first two chapters… HINT HINT!!!!!

- What is Worldview?

- Value

-Belief -Elements affected by Worldview -Factors affecting Worldview -The Silk Road -The Middle Ages -How the Renaissance began

(crusades, 100 years war, magna carta etc)

-Feudal system -City-state/ urbanization -Trade -Florence/Genoa/Venice - How the Renaissance spread - Why was it slow to spread -Status quo -Humanism -Printing press -Scholars -Scientists/mathematicians -Writers -Quality of life -Capitalist society -Secular -Family and women -education