Transcript Kingdom Animalia - Clayton High School
Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics, Development, & Diversity
Characteristics Multicellular, Eukaryotic, Heterotrophic Ability to move at some point in life cycle Cell Membrane only (no cell wall!) Cells have centrioles for division; most animals reproduce sexually=DIVERSITY Animal Cells are specialized – they have specific functions (digestion, respiration, excretion, etc.).
(p. 187-188) Symmetry – DRAW PIC FIGURE 9.2
Symmetry is when two or more halves are a mirror image of each other.
Animals display asymmetry, radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry
Asymmetry There is no plane of symmetry.
Radial Symmetry The two sides will be symmetrical at any plane.
Bilateral Symmetry There is only one plane of symmetry.
Development Sperm + Egg = fertilization Haploid
Development zygote= a single diploid cell that results from fertilization Diploid
Development (Pp. 164-169 and 188-191) Cell division begins and a hollow ball of cells forms = blastula
Development The blastula starts to cave in and distinct layers of cells can be seen = gastrula
Development Ectoderm (outer layer) – develops into the skin + nervous tissue Endoderm (inner layer) – develops into the digestive system Mesoderm (middle layer) – develops into muscles, circulatory, excretory, and respiratory systems
GERM LAYER DVLPMT: P.189
DRAW AND LABEL FIGURE 9.3
Development Vocab (164-169) Germ Layers Diploblastic Triploblastic Coelom Deuterostome Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm Protostome Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate (LOOK @ P.190) Vegetal pole Animal pole Cleavage furrow
Directional Terms Anterior = Towards the head
Directional Terms Posterior = towards the tail end of an animal
Directional Terms Dorsal = back/top side
Directional Terms Ventral = belly or under side
Tissues (P. 192-197) Connective Nervous Muscle Epithelial Draw/Trace figure 9.7 b/c you need to know where to find these tissues.
Regulation of body temp.
Ectotherms –Take on the temperature of their surroundings –Control body temp. externally –Many go dormant Invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles
Endotherms Produce heat as part of a metabolic process Regulate and maintain body temperature internally Raise temp to fight infections = fever Lower temp to be dormant = hibernation Requires high metabolism and a lot of food exs. Birds & mammals
Reproduction Asexual – one parent with no special reproductive organs or cells. Produces genetically identical copies Sexual – involves two parents, each of which contributes special germ cells (gametes or sex cells) that through fertilization form a new individual.
Asexual Reproduction No gametes No second parent Same genotype = clones (unless mutations occur) Rapid reproduction
Asexual, cont.
Define these basic types and list a few examples: (p. 139) –Binary Fission –Budding –Gemmulation –Fragmentation
Sexual Reproduction Production of individuals from gametes Define the basic types and list a few examples(p. 139-141) –Bisexual reproduction –Hermaphrodites –Parthogenesis
Sexual Reproduction,cont
Define Pp 143-145 –Gametogenesis –Spermatogenesis –Oogenesis
Reproductive Patterns Define the following and give an example of an organism that does each: (p.147) –Oviparous –Ovoviviparous –Viviparous
Oviparous Eggs develop and hatch outside of the body Frogs – fertilize externally Salamanders – fertilize internally and then lay the eggs
Ovoviviparous Fertilized egg develops inside the female, but obtains no nutrients from the female itself.
Obtains nourishment from yolk Stays in female until ready to hatch Chickens, turtles, snakes
Viviparous Embryo develops inside the body of the mother (uterus) Nourishment comes from the mother (placenta) Live Birth Humans, Chimpanzees