journalism.utexas.edu

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Trends in Online Media

Cindy Royal, Ph.D

Associate Professor Texas State University School of Journalism and Mass Communication [email protected]

www.cindyroyal.com

www.onthatnote.com

tech.cindyroyal.net

twitter.com/cindyroyal facebook.com/cindyroyal linkedin.com/in/cindyroyal

Milestones in Multimedia

Pre-1995

Wired Magazine - 1993 NY Times on AOL - 1994 Nando -1994

1995

Craigslist launched Slate, Salon, USA Today, Houston Chronicle, Philadelphia Inquirer Washington Post Wall Street Journal Chicago Tribune LA Times MSNBC

1997

Blackhawk Down

1998

Drudge Report Google

1999

Blogger IndyMedia

2000 2001

DotCom Bust 9/11 Tributes Wikipedia launched

2002

Google News

2003

RSS Google Buys Blogger MySpace launched AOL/Time Warner merger

2004

Jon Stewart on Crossfire Rathergate Press Credentials to Bloggers WikiNews, Facebook, Digg

2005

YouTube News Corporation buys MySpace

2006

Macaca Invention of the Year -YouTube Person of the Year - You Google Buys YouTube $1.65B

2007

VA Tech Shooting Twitter tips at SXSW Invention of the Year iPhone CNN/ YouTube Debates

2008

CBS acquires CNET Candidates embrace social media EveryBlock.com

2009

Hudson Plane Crash photo Iran elections Politifact wins Pulitzer MSNBC purchases Everyblock Foursquare & Gowalla

2010

iPad released Wikileaks Facebook -500M Users; Zuckerberg Person of the Year; The Social Network

2011

Egyptian Protests Coupon sites AOL/HuffPo merger

Web Development Categories

 Basic HTML design  Programming emerges  Blog Platforms  Content Management Systems  Other

Basic HTML Design

   HTML – early 90s, language of the Web Became XHTML to add structure, conventions – early 2000's; next gen is HTML5 Cascading Stylesheets – CSS – 1996; next gen is CSS3   Javascript (1995), Flash (1996), AJAX Web programming – PHP, ASP, Ruby, Python, etc.

Web Hosting

 Domain registration/hosting – lots of options; I've used doteasy.com; avahost.net, godaddy.com, bluehost.com

 FTP Tools  Fetch (Mac, free) - fetchsoftworks.com

 WS-FTP (PC, free) - ipswitch.com

 Net2Ftp – net2ftp.com - Web-based FTP  FireFTP – fireftp.mozdev.org

Firefox Add-on  HTML Tutorials  Barebones Guide to HTML - werbach.com/barebones  W3 Schools - w3schools.com/html  Beyond the basics there's Flash, Javascript, PHP, audio and video editing...

Blog Platforms

  Started as platform for online journaling; Web sites for people who didn't know html.

Early platforms – Open Diary, LiveJournal late '90s     Blogger -started 1999 by Evan Williams (also Twitter) and Meg Hourihan; purchased by Google 2003 Movable Type – 2001; Six Apart Wordpress – 2003; can host yourself or on their site Posterous and Tumblr – fully featured blog platforms; social media usage a

Content Management Systems

  Wordpress has often been modified as CMS on another host – free on their site or monthly fee of $< 10/month in most cases – With WP, pay for domain and access to CSS to customize – Customization requires knowledge of html/css Drupal  Joomla  Other hosted CMS

My.HSJ.org system

     Provided by ASNE Simple to use CMS Ability to upload text, photos & video Have blogs Editing and admin

Other Online Tools

YouTube Facebook or MySpace – set up groups; post content; stay in touch  del.icio.us - social bookmark manager  Niche Social Networks     LinkedIn Flickr/Picasa – photo sharing sites Animoto/Vuvox – online tools for developing slideshows and video Second Life – virtual world   Wikipedia - discuss credibility, have students contribute, wisdom of crowd vs. gatekeepers Twitter – microblog; good way to add new content to a website on a regular basis, breaking news, connect with audience.

Free (or cheap) Software!

 SoundSlides – make a photo slideshow  Must be hosted on a Web site  Difficult, but not impossible, to embed on a blog     Soundslides ($39.95) must include audio (you can tweak with a silent file); new Soundslides Plus ($69.95) lets you choose whether or not to have audio Audacity – free; edit audio, create mp3 files iMovie (Mac) or Windows MovieMaker (PC) – video editing SnapZPro (Mac, $69) /Camtasia(PC or Mac, $99) – screen capture; use for developing online tutorials

On The Go...

 Rise in mobile technology  UStream and Livestream – live stream with camcorder and laptop  Qik.com & Ustream – stream LIVE video from your phone!

Equipment

 You don't need expensive equipment  Most students have digital cameras or cell phones that can shoot photos/video  Low-end cameras with video  Digital audio recorders  Camcorders

Developing An Online News Operation

         Integrated with your print operation Digital-first journalism – Web and mobile A Web editor can approve online stories, assignments for Web-only projects 1 or more Web producers can be responsible for multimedia aspects Integration with print and reporters to add visual interest to stories A content-management system with editor approval that allows multiple people to post to site A person with design responsibilities to oversee layout and design issues A social media editor who can oversee and integrate Twitter, Facebook presence, engage audience Multiple Twitter accounts, staff. Develop a policy with guidelines for how these accounts/personal accounts should be used.

Use social media to engage audience

• • • • • • • • Make it easy for people to share and talk about your content Twitter Facebook – pages or groups Social bookmarks on posts Add widget on site Foursquare or Gowalla – location-based promotion/events Flickr/Picasa/Instagram YouTube

Keeping Up

• • • • • • • • • • • • • Google News/Yahoo News - Technology NY Times Technology/David Pogue Wired News Scobleizer TechCrunch Digg Web Strategy by Jeremiah Owyang Techmeme SensibleTalk.com

Social Media Today Mashable Smashing Magazine 10000 Words

Resources

               SXSW Interactive www.sxsw.com/interactive Wired Magazine www.wired.com

Fast Company Magazine – www.fastcompany.com

Cyberjournalist.net - Great Work Gallery www.cyberjournalist.net/category/great-work-gallery Online Journalism Awards http://www.journalists.org/ Knight Digital Media Center www.knightdigitalmediacenter.org

Online Journalism Review Archives ojr.org

Interactive Narratives interactivenarratives.org/

We The Media

by Dan Gillmor

Convergence Culture

by Henry Jenkins

The Long Tail

and

Free

by Chris Anderson

What Would Google Do?

- Jeff Jarvis Journalism Next – Mark Briggs Editor & Publisher Awards royal.reliaserve.com/eppy/winners2008.html

Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication jcmc.indiana.edu

Key Concepts

• • • • • • • • • New media Social media Social network Convergence Interactivity Hyperlinks Hyperlocal User-generated content User experience

Key Terms

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • Web 2.0 Blog Microblog Mobile Mashup RSS Tag/ Tag Cloud Content Management System Podcast Wiki Web-first or Mobile First Journalism Programmer/Journalist Widgets/Plugin/App Location-based

Search Engine Optimization

• • • • • • • • • • • • • Most important thing – get others to link to you Google Page Rank algorithm Link to others, they are more likely to link to you Participate on comments, forums – tactfully include links to your content Write meaningful headlines – different than print Write strong teasers – not necessarily your lead Use phrases (keywords) frequently that you think people will be using to search for relevant content Fresh content – update regularly and often Use keywords in URLs Consistently use alt tags for images and videos; put content on video/slideshow pages Pages should have meaningful titles Use social media to spread your content, allow users to share Monitor your search standings and traffic – Google Analytics or other services

Why Learn HTML

 Regardless of the platform you choose, it is helpful to have a basic understanding of HTML/CSS – the language of the Web  Ability to customize a CMS  Ability to troubleshoot and add advanced functionality  HTML provides the structure  CSS provides the formatting  Control the entire Web site with a single stylesheet; make global changes quickly and easily

Basic HTML

   Markup language – surround text with proper markup Open and close tags properly (i.e. Sample html page Cindy's Web Site

This is a paragraph

Basic CSS

 Use a stylesheet to control the design/layout of a Web page  Save sheet with .css extension  Insert into the section of each page with the following code:  Styles are defined in this manner: h2 { font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;

Image and Graphic Manipulation

• • • • • • Web resolution – 72dpi .jpg for photos; .gif or .png for graphics Optimize photos for file size; crop and adjust Photoshop Picnik - http://www.picnik.com/ Webresizer http://www.webresizer.com/resizer/

Video editing

  iMovie – available on Macs for free; easy to learn, use Final Cut Express or Pro – more comprehensive, but more expensive  Other video options include Window Movie Maker, Adobe Premiere, Pinnacle, etc.  Ability to import, crop, add transitions, titles, sound  Keep it short  Choose your editing software  Practice visual storytelling  Publish online  Start small, but make sure you start

Gear

• • • • • • Lots of camera choices High Def?

Accessories – tapes, batteries, microphone, tripod, headphones, lighting Focus, zoom, exposure Solid clips – avoid panning and zooming Get good audio

Digital Video

• • • • • • Cheap cameras and editing software One person can produce high quality YouTube 20 hours of footage uploaded every minute The only way to learn video journalism is by doing it - Angela Grant (a former student) Video journalists or backpack journalists Both broadcast and non-broadcast

Plan Video

• • • • • Different approaches for different projects Storyboarding Focus story Choose interview and demonstration sequences as well as b-roll Mix your shots – wide angle, medium, close-ups

Five shots

• • • • • • Close-up on the hands Close-up on the face Prepare your subject Wide shot Over-the-shoulder shot Creative shot

Interviews

• • • • • Select a location – think sound and lighting Have several pre-written questions – some can be discussed ahead of time Remain silent Use a stand-up, just in case Effective use of voiceover

Great Multimedia – Photos and Video

• • • • • • New York Times Statesman MediaStorm Washington Post The University Star – star.txstate.edu

Links and examples at cindyroyal.com/asne

Telling Stories with Data

• • • • New York Times Texas Tribune Tools – Google Maps; Charts and Visualization; Fusion Tables Wordle, Chartle Links and examples at cindyroyal.com/asne

Student Projects

 • • • •   • • • • • • Learn skills in XHTML, CSS, Flash, graphic design, photo, audio, & video editing Digital Storytelling via integration of tools Firestation Studios http://www.jonzmikly.com/final/ Hill Country Concours http://cars.martin-whitaker.info/ Farm 2 Table http://farm2table.nicmartinez.com/ NPPA – Future of Journalism Workshop http://www.onesonia.com/nppa/index.html

South By Texas State – www.sxtxstate.com

Mass Comm Week – txstatemcweek.com

University Star – star.txstate.edu

Course sites Web Design – cindyroyal.com/webdesign Social Media at Work – cindyroyal.com/social Advanced Online Media - cindyroyal.com/advanced