Transcript Thermodynamics

Phases of Matter
and
Phase Changes
HEAT


Heat is one form of
___________________
Other forms of energy
include:
 Light
 Sound
 Nuclear
 Kinetic
(energy of motion)
 Potential (stored energy)
HEAT


Heat is one form of
ENERGY
Other forms of energy
include:
 Light
 Sound
 Nuclear
 Kinetic
(energy of motion)
 Potential (stored energy)
Heat is...
A measure of how much ____________
energy matter has
 Particles with high heat are moving at a
____________ average speed
 Particles with low heat are moving at a
___________ average speed

Heat is...
A measure of how much kinetic energy
matter has
 Particles with high heat are moving at a
HIGH average speed
 Particles with low heat are moving at a
LOW average speed

Heat Transfer

When we talk about the
transfer of heat, we are
really talking about
transferring ___________.

Heat always moves from
the ____________ object
to the _____________
object.
Heat Transfer

When we talk about the
transfer of heat, we are
really talking about
transferring ENERGY

Heat always moves from
the HOTTER object to the
COOLER object.
Heat and the Motion of Molecules

When we add heat (energy to molecules),
it does WHAT to their motion?
Heating water animation:
 http://mutuslab.cs.uwindsor.ca/schurko/ani
mations/waterphases/status_water.htm

Heat and the Motion of Molecules

When we add heat (energy to molecules),
it does WHAT to their motion?
Heat increases the motion and energy level
of the molecules
Heating water animation:
 http://mutuslab.cs.uwindsor.ca/schurko/ani
mations/waterphases/status_water.htm

Phases of Matter

There are four main phases of matter:
 Solid
 Liquid
 Gas
 ______________?


________ is the phase where molecules have
the most energy
________ is the phase where molecules have
the least energy
Phases of Matter

There are four main phases of matter:
 Solid
 Liquid
 Gas
 PLASMA...we
will not study in depth, but technically
has the most energy


GAS is the phase where molecules have the
most energy
SOLID is the phase where molecules have the
least energy
Phases of Matter: Solid
Particles have little motion/energy;
they are packed/joined together
tightly
 Particles are very organized
 Do NOT move to fit the shape of
their container and do not fill the
container (they keep their original
shape)
 It is hard to compress or
change the shape of a solid

Phases of Matter: Liquid
Particles have more
motion/energy; joined together
more loosely
 Particles WILL take on the
shape of their container but will
not fill it entirely
 Molecules of a liquid like
to stick together. Liquids
are hard to compress.

Phases of Matter: Gases
Particles have a great deal of
energy and do not stick
together closely; they bounce
around a lot!
 WILL spread out to fill entire
container and fit the shape of
the container they are in
 Gases=vapor
 Gases are easily
compressed

Phases of Matter: Plasma
Similar to gases, but made up of ions and
electrons of an element
 Examples: Northern lights, neon lights,
stars
 Require a special environment to exist

Phase Changes
A phase change is when we change
from __________ state of matter to
_____________________.
Example: _______________________
Phase Changes
A phase change is when we change
from one state of matter to another
Example: A solid changing to a liquid
Phases of Matter
In the boxes below draw the three phases of
matter. Use 20 molecules for each phase.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Phases of Matter
http://mutuslab.cs.uwindsor.ca/schurko/animations/phasesofmatter/phasesofmatter.html
Names for Phase Changes
Solid to liquid:
 Liquid to gas:
 Solid to gas:
 Gas to liquid:
 Liquid to solid:
 Gas to solid:

Names for Phase Changes
Solid to liquid: MELTING
 Liquid to gas: VAPORIZATION/BOILING
 Solid to gas: SUBLIMATION
 Gas to liquid: CONDENSATION
 Liquid to solid: FREEZING
 Gas to solid: DEPOSITION

Names for Phase Changes
HIGH ENERGY: GAS
ADD
ENERGY
MEDIUM ENERGY: LIQUID
Low energy: solid
REMOVE
ENERGY
Phase Changes

To go to a state of matter involving MORE
energy, we must ___________ energy. We
can do this by _________ the substance.

Examples: If we heat ice (____), it will turn
into water (______), and will eventually
boil and turn into water vapor (_____)
Phase Changes

To go to a state of matter involving MORE
energy, we must ADD energy. We can do
this by HEATING the substance.

Examples: If we heat ice (solid), it will turn
into water (liquid), and will eventually boil
and turn into water vapor (gas)
Phase Changes

To go to a state of matter involving LESS energy,
we must ___________ energy. We can do this
by _________ the substance.

Examples: Water vapor (______) from your hot
shower condenses on a cold mirror (________).
If you leave a window open, it might turn into ice
droplets (________).
Phase Changes

To go to a state of matter involving LESS
energy, we must REMOVE energy. We
can do this by COOLING the substance.

Examples: Water vapor (gas) from your
hot shower condenses on a cold mirror
(liquid). If you leave a window open, it
might turn into ice droplets (solid).
Check your understanding



What are the three main states of matter?
__________ ___________ ___________
List these three states of matter from the state
with the LEAST amount of energy to the state
with the MOST energy:
___________ ___________ ___________
To go from a gas to a liquid, would you need to
ADD energy (heat) or RELEASE energy (cool)?
____________________
Check your understanding

What are the three main states of matter?
___GAS___ ___LIQUID___ ___SOLID___

List these three states of matter from the state
with the LEAST amount of energy to the state
with the MOST energy:
___SOLID___ ___LIQUID___ ___GAS___

To go from a gas to a liquid, would you need to
ADD energy (heat) or RELEASE energy (cool)?
___RELEASE___
Melting Points and Boiling Points
are Properties of Matter
We observed that water __________ at 0
degrees Celsius
 We observed that water ________ at 100
degrees Celsius
 Water’s natural state at room temperature
(25 degrees Celsius) is as a __________

Melting Points and Boiling Points
are Properties of Matter
We observed that water MELTS/FREEZES
at 0 degrees Celsius
 We observed that water
BOILS/CONDENSES at 100 degrees
Celsius
 Water’s natural state at room temperature
(25 degrees Celsius) is as a LIQUID

Different Substances will have
Different Boiling Points and Melting
Points
What is the natural state of oxygen at
room temperature?
 Could we condense nitrogen? Could we
freeze nitrogen?
 Can you name three substances that are
solids at room temperature?

Check your Understanding
Why are melting points and boiling points
considered to be properties of matter?
 Can you look at a Phase Change Graph
and tell at which temperature the
substance begins melting and begins
boiling?

Phase Change Graphs
Phase Change Graphs