Transcript Document
Tax Strategies for 2007 and beyond
Advocis Wealth Weekend - Banff
August 2007
Jamie Golombek CA, CPA, CFP, CLU, TEP
Vice-President, Tax & Estate Planning
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Agenda
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
1.
Tax rates
2.
Federal Budget 2007 highlights
3.
Pension splitting
4.
SWPs and T-Flex
5.
Hot cases
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Federal tax rates 2007
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
New federal tax brackets
0 – $ 37,178
15.5%
$ 37,178 – $ 74,357
22%
$ 74,357 – $ 120,887
26%
$ 120,887 +
29%
$
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Investment income – 2007 top marginal rates
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Interest
Capital gains
Eligible
Dividends
43.7%
39.0%
44.0%
46.4%
46.4%
48.2%
46.8%
48.3%
47.4%
48.6%
21.9%
19.5%
22.0%
23.2%
23.2%
24.1%
23.4%
24.1%
23.7%
24.3%
18.5%
17.5%
20.4%
23.8%
24.6%
29.7%
23.0%
28.4%
24.4%
32.5%
B.C.
Alberta
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
Ontario
Quebec
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
P.E.I.
Newfoundland
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Increasing RRSP maturity age limit
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Mandatory conversion at age 71 (up from 69)
Reconvert RRIF back to RRSP
or
Open new RRSP (if contribution room available):
– Contribute up to $19,000 for 2007
– Contribute up to $20,000 for 2008
No minimum RRIF withdrawals
– 70 in 2007? – No minimum for 2007 and 2008
– 71 in 2007? – No minimum for 2007
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RESP changes
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Elimination of $4,000 annual contribution limit
– Ability to lump-sum fund RESPs
Lifetime limit increased to $50,000 (from $42,000)
Increase in maximum annual CESG entitlement
– $500 per year (i.e., $2,500 X 20%)
– $1,000 per year for catch-up CESGs
(i.e., $5,000 X 20%)
Maximum CESG limit of $7,200 unchanged
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Child Tax Credit – NEW
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
$2,000 amount per child < age 18
– 2,000 X 15.5% = $310 per child
Unused portion transferable to spouse/partner
Not income-tested
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Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP)
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Beneficiary must be eligible for disability tax credit
Contribution limit: $200,000 lifetime
– No annual limit
– Not deductible – earnings/growth tax-deferred
Anyone can contribute
– Contributions can’t be refunded to contributor
Contributions until end of year beneficiary turns 59
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Canada Disability Savings Grant (CDSG)
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Family income < $74,357
– 300% on first $500 / 200% on next $1,000
– Contribute $1,500 + $3,500 of CDSG = $5,000
Family income > $74,357
– 100% on first $1,000
Lifetime limit $70,000
CDSGs until end of year beneficiary turns 49
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Canada Disability Savings Bonds (CDSBs)
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Maximum of $1,000 annually
– Family net income < $20,883
– Phased out at net family income of $37,178
No contributions required
Lifetime limit of $20,000 of CDSBs
CDSBs until end of year beneficiary turns 49
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RDSP withdrawals
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Must begin at age 60
Subject to maximum annual limits based on life
expectancy
Taxed in hands of beneficiary
Withdrawals excluded from federal incometested benefits calculations
– OAS & EI benefits
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Other changes
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Lifetime capital gains exemption increased to
$750,000
– Small business owners, farmers and fishers
Elementary and secondary school scholarships
Spousal amount
– Elimination of “marriage penalty”
– Increased to $8,929 (but no income threshold)
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Other changes (cont’d)…
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Increase of quarterly instalment threshold
– $3,000 ($1,800 for Quebec residents)
– Effective 2008 and future years
Donations of eligible securities to private
foundations
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Donation of appreciated securities
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Elimination of capital gains tax on donations
of appreciated securities to charity
– Publicly listed stocks
– Mutual funds, segregated funds
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Elimination of capital gains tax…
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Mark wants to donate $100,000 worth of funds to
his favourite charity
Market value
ACB
Capital gain
Taxable gain (50% vs. 0%)
Tax on capital gain (at 45%) (A)
Tax benefit of gift (at 45%) (B)
Net tax benefit (A+B)
Net savings from new proposal
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Donate cash
Donate funds
$100,000
(20,000)
$100,000
(20,000)
80,000
40,000
(18,000)
45,000
27,000
80,000
NIL
NIL
45,000
45,000
$18,000
Win – Win – Win
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Client wins
– Saves $18,000 of tax
– Increases ACB of investment
Charity wins
– Receives significantly larger gift
Advisor wins
– Adds values through tax idea
– Generates new business/sale
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What’s missing from Budget 2007?
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Capital gains tax relief (six-month reinvestment)
– Promised in January 2006…
Broad-based income splitting
– Limited to pension income splitting (Oct. 31, 2006)
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Pension income splitting
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Canadian resident
Income that qualifies for “pension credit”
– Age 65+
Annuity
payments out of an RPP, RRSP or DPSP
RRIF withdrawals
– Under 65
RPP
lifetime annuity payments
Allocate up to 50% of income to spouse/partner
Effective for 2007 and subsequent years
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Systematic withdrawal plans (SWPs)
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Enables payments from account on a
regular basis
Each “payment” is a withdrawal
– Withdrawal = redemption
Tax efficient
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SWP example
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Investment: 30,000 shares @ $10
$300,000
Market appreciation: 6%*
18,000
Investment after one year
$318,000
Redemption (12 x $1,500):
Balance remaining
* Based on the assumption that the fund will return 6% per annum
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18,000
$300,000
SWP example (cont’d)
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
$ 10.00
Price @ Jan. 1
Market appreciation*
+
6%
# of shares sold
Original price
1,698
x $ 10.00
Price at year end
$ 10.60
Total cost
$ 16,980
Cash required
$ 18,000
Proceeds of disposition
$ 18,000
Price
÷ $ 10.60
# of shares sold
1,698
* Based on the assumption that the fund will return 6% per annum
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Adjusted cost base
Capital gain
- $ 16,980
$ 1,020
SWP example (cont’d)
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Capital gain
$1,020
Taxable capital gain 50%
$ 510
Taxes payable 45%
$ 230
Effective tax rate on $18,000
* Based on the assumption that the fund will return 6% per annum
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1.3%
Effective tax rate on SWP withdrawal
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Effective tax rate
25%
20%
15%
?
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
25
Year
Assumption: Top marginal rate of 45%
* Based on the assumption that the fund will return 6% per annum
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105
Introducing T-Flex
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
What is T-Flex?
Benefits
How T-FLEX works
Additional investor material
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What is T-FLEX?
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
T-FLEX: Tax-efficient flexible distribution
series that allows investors to
choose from three target annual
distribution levels to generate a
tax-efficient cash flow stream
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Benefits
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Steady monthly cash flow
Sustainable distributions
Flexibility
Tax efficiency
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Return of capital
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Occurs when a fund returns portion of original
capital or distributes unrealized gains
Not considered income, dividends or capital gain
Reduces the adjusted cost base of units/shares
Results in potentially higher capital gain when
units/shares are redeemed
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The new tax efficiency spectrum – General
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Most efficient
1. Return of capital
2. Eligible Canadian dividends
3. Capital gains
4. Interest & foreign income
(e.g., global dividends)
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Least efficient
What is ROC?
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
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Return of capital
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
What is “return of capital”?
Return “on”
capital
GOOD
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Return of your
own capital
BAD
ROC – Non-cash deductions – The good –
Part I
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Distributable cash in REIT:
$100
Eligible tax deductions:
Financing expense (over 5 years)
Capital cost allowance
(20)
(40)
Taxable distribution
$40
Return of capital
$60
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ROC – The good – Part II
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
FMV at beginning of year
$1,000
Fund:
Income + realized gains
Unrealized gain
Less: distribution
FMV at end of year
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60
30
(80)
$1,010
ROC – Example
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
January 1, 2004 – $1,000 investment, 100 units
Annual “yield” – 10%
Annual profits – 5%
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ROC – The bad
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
January 1, 2004
Profit of income trust:
Less: distribution
December 31, 2004
Price at year-end
January 1, 2005
Profit of income trust:
Less: distribution
December 31, 2005
Price at year-end
$1,000.00
50.00
(100.00)
$950.00
$
$
9.50
$950.00
50.00
(100.00)
$900.00
9.00
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January 1, 2006
Profit of income trust:
Less: distribution
December 31, 2006
Price at year-end
$
$900.00
50.00
(100.00)
$850.00
8.50
Return of capital – The ugly…
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
“Half the more than 250 income trusts could be
categorized either as pyramid schemes or outright
ponzi schemes . ”
– Dr. Al Rosen
National Post,
April 27, 2007
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ROC interest deductibility
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Borrow to invest in an income trust
Distributions consist partially of ROC
Is all the interest still deductible?
CRA Technical Interpretation 2003-0000825, dated May 13, 2003
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How T-FLEX works
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Monthly distribution is based on preferred target
annual level (i.e., 4%, 6% or 8%)
Reset annually to maintain original target level
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How T-FLEX works:
Calculation of monthly payments at share level
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Year 1
1.
2.
3.
Determine NAVPS on December 31 of
previous year
Calculate target annual distribution
amount (6% of NAVPS)
Divide by 12 for monthly payout
Monthly distribution per share for Year 1
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$10.00
$10.00 x 6% = $0.60
$0.60 / 12 = $0.05
5 cents
How T-FLEX works:
Calculation of monthly payments at share level
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Year 2
Scenario A: Assumes NAVPS increases
NAVPS on December 31 of Year 1
6% of NAVPS
Monthly distribution per share for Year 2
$10.20
$0.612
5.1 cents
Scenario B: Assumes NAVPS decreases
NAVPS on December 31 of Year 1
6% of NAVPS
Monthly distribution per share for Year 2
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$9.80
$0.588
4.9 cents
How T-FLEX works:
Calculation of monthly payments at fund level
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Year 2
Scenario A: Based on NAVPS of $10.20
Shares
x distribution per share
= monthly cash flow
10,000
$0.051
$510
Scenario B: Based on NAVPS of $9.80
Shares
x distribution per share
= monthly cash flow
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10,000
$0.049
$490
What is the adjusted cost base (ACB)?
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Cost of a mutual fund investment for
tax purposes
ACB
= Cost of mutual fund units
+ reinvested distributions
- ROC distributions
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How T-FLEX works:
The big picture
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Scenario 1: 6% target distribution, 7% return
Cumulative monthly
distributions paid
over 20 years:
approximately
$130,000.
Year
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How T-FLEX works:
The big picture
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Scenario 2: 6% target distribution, 5% return
Cumulative monthly
distributions paid
over 20 years:
approximately
$108,000.
Year
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Corporate class structure: impact of switching
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
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Gains & losses – Trust structure
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Fund A has $1,000 in capital gains
Fund B has $1,000 in capital losses
Distributions:
– Fund A – $1,000 of capital gains
– Fund B – no distribution
$1,000
capital loss carryforwards
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Gains & losses – Corporate structure
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Class A has $1,000 in capital gains
Class B has $1,000 in capital losses
• No distribution for Class A or Class B
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Advantages of Capital Loss Carry Forwards
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
$1.22 Billion
Capital Loss Carry Forward
AIM
2000
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Trimark
Commissions paid to corporations – Wallsten
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Wallsten et al v. The Queen [2001 FTR 35913]
Insurance salesperson redirected commissions
received personally to corporation
– Valid assignment under tax law notwithstanding
violation of contract
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Commissions paid to corporations –
CRA’s comments
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
ITTN No. 22 – January 11, 2002
– Not accepting decision
– Underestimated impact
– If illegal, commissions must be reported
personally
Cannot
be transferred to corporation,
regardless of documentation
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Update on advisor incorporation
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
MFDA Rule 2.4.1 suspended until
December 31, 2008
– B.C., Saskatchewan, Ontario, Nova Scotia
Recent CRA comments
– Technical interpretation 2006-017653117, dated April 18, 2006
Canadian Securities Administrators
working group
– Registration Reform Project
Recent IDA comments
– Proposed amendments to By-Law 39
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Advisor incorporation
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Boutilier v. the Queen, 2007 TCC 96 (Feb. 2007)
Advisor assigned mutual fund trailers to
corporation
CRA reassessed him personally
– No formal employment contract
– No remuneration from corporation
– No business expenses paid by corporation
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Singleton
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Singleton
$300,000
Purchase home
Home
$300,000
Law firm
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Singleton
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Singleton
$300,000
Purchase home
Home
$300,000
$300,000
$300,000
Law firm
Bank
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GAAR – Lipson
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Lipson v. the Queen, 2006 TCC 148
Singleton-type planning
Can you use attribution rules to your advantage?
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Lipson – Summary
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Purchase shares
$562,500
Earl Lipson
Jordanna Lipson
Loan:
$562,500
Home
Lipson Family
Investments Ltd.
Mortgage:
$562,500
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Bank
Lipson – GAAR?
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Provisions of the Act were “misused” and
“abused”:
– Interest deduction provision & attribution
rules were “used to achieve a purpose for
which they were never intended.”
“contrived transaction”
Lipson appealed – LOST – March 19, 2007
– Leave is being sought to SCC…
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Beware of joint accounts
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Spouse vs. adult children
Control issues
– Signing authority
– Account available to creditors of son/daughter
– Account subject to division of matrimonial
property
Tax & trust planning issues
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Joint accounts at the SCC
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
Pecore v. Pecore,
2005 CanLII 31576 (ON C.A.)
Saylor v. Brooks,
2005 CanLII 39857 (ON C.A.)
SCC confirms both decisions
– May 3, 2007
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Creditor protection for RRSP/RRIF
TAX STRATEGIES FOR 2007 AND BEYOND…
2002
Personal Insolvency Task Force Report
Saskatchewan Registered Plan (Retirement Income)
Exemption Act
2003
Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and
Commerce: “Debtors and Creditors Sharing the Burden”
2004
2005
Bill C-55 – An Act to… amend the Bankruptcy and
Insolvency Act… first reading June 2005
2007
Bill C-62 – An Act to… amend the Bankruptcy and
Insolvency Act… Senate – 1st reading – June 2007
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Tax Strategies for 2007 and beyond
Advocis Wealth Weekend - Banff
August 2007
Jamie Golombek CA, CPA, CFP, CLU, TEP
Vice-President, Tax & Estate Planning
FOR ADVISOR USE ONLY –
No portion of this communication may be reproduced or redistributed.