Transcript Document
TUTORIAL 4: MORPHOLOGY
JONATHAN NG
CHAN JUN WEI
CHAN SHI MIN
VERA YAP
ZHUO HONGCHAO
Q1:
Syllables: rhythmic units of speech.
Sound(s) of the word
Morphemes: basic building blocks of words that carries meaning or
function and cannot be decomposed any further.
Meaning of the word
Q1:
In order for rhyme/rime, the coda of the syllable must be the same for
both words
Limericks focus on this because limericks need rhyme
Whereas, morpheme’s function is to indicate the meaning of a part of
the word
E.g. “beard” & “feared” rhymes,
the root word of feared is ‘fear’ + the inflectional morpheme -ed to indicate past tense
Beard is just made up of one root word
E.g. “wren” & “hen”
Both end with –en, but –en is not used as a derivative or inflectional morpheme
Both words chosen on the basis of rhyme
Q1:
So, even though words rhyme, that is they have the same coda,
they need not end off with the same morpheme and/or the same
function.
Q2a:
Unbelievable
Adj
Af
Un-
Adj
(BASE)
V
Af
Believe
-able
(ROOT)
Q2b:
Industrialisation
N
(BASE)
(BASE)
N
Industry
(ROOT)
V
Af
Af
Adj
Af
-ial
-ize
-ation
Q2c:
Nuclear Physicist
(ENDOCENTRIC COMPOUNDING)
N
(BASE) N
Nuclear Physics
(ROOT)
Af
-ist
Q2d:
McCainiac
N
N
Af
McCain
-iac
(ROOT)
Q2e:
Microwaveability
N
(BASE)
Adj
V
V
(BASE)
N
N
Micro-
Af
-able
N
wave
(ROOT)
-ility
Q3(i):
Q3(ii):
Q4:
A) Give the Japanese morphemes for the following English
translations:
(i)‘Open’ (ii) ‘Eat’
a. [tabeta] 'X ate Y.'
b. [aketa] 'X opened Y.‘
Past Tense: Ta
(i) Open : Ake
(ii) Eat : Tabe
(iii) passive marker (‘… be verb-ed, e.g., ‘They were
opened/eaten.’)
b. [aketa] 'X opened Y.‘
f. [akerareta] 'X was opened.'
Passive marker: -rare-
(iv) Causative marker (‘… make X verb, e.g., ‘Yosuke
made Zechy study)
i. [tabesasenai] 'X doesn't/won't make Y eat Z.'
j. [tabenai] 'X doesn't/won't eat Y.'
Causative marker: -sase-
(v) Non-past marker (present or future)
g. [tabesaserareta] 'X was made to eat Y.'
k. [tabesaserareru] 'X is/will be made to eat Y.'
Past tense: -ta
Non-past marker: -ru
(vi) Negative marker (the morpheme meaning ‟not“)
a. [tabeta] 'X ate Y.'
j. [tabenai] 'X doesn't/won't eat Y.'
Past tense: -ta
Negative marker: -nai
B) Suppose a Japanese verb form were to include the following sets of
morphemes. For each set, indicate the order in which the morphemes
would occur in a verb form.
(i) passive, root, past, causative
Order: Root, Causative, Passive, Past
Example: (g) [tabesaserareta] 'X was made to eat Y.'
B) Suppose a Japanese verb form were to include the following sets of
morphemes. For each set, indicate the order in which the morphemes
would occur in a verb form.
(ii) causative, non-past, root
Order: Root, Causative, Non-past
Example: (k) [tabesaserareru] ‘X is/will be made to eat Y.’
B) Suppose a Japanese verb form were to include the following sets of
morphemes. For each set, indicate the order in which the morphemes
would occur in a verb form.
(iii) root, negative, causative
Order: Root, Causative, Negative
Example: (i) [tabesasenai] 'X doesn't/won't make Y eat Z.'
C) Give the Japanese verb form that would be used for each of the
following English translations.
(She) will (non-past marker) make (causative) (him) open (verb) (them)
Ake-sase-ru
(He) will (non-past marker) be made (causative) to open (verb) (them)
Ake-sase-rare-ru
D) In Japanese, [uketa] means ‘(She) took (a test)’. Now, using this
fact with what you’ve observed above, how would you say the
following in Japanese? Don’t try to translate the items in parentheses.
(She) will (non-past marker) be made (causative) to take(verb) (a test)
Uke-sase-rare-ta
(She) makes (causative / non-past marker) (him) take (verb) (a test)
Uke-sase-ru
(She) will (non-past marker) not (negative) take (verb) (a test)
Uke-nai
THE END
THANK YOU