Transcript Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering
Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering
13-1
Changing the Living World
Selective
Allowing only those Breeding individuals with desired traits to reproduce
Domesticated animals have been produced using this method
13-1
Selective Breeding
Allows an increased opportunity for desired traits to be passed on
Different breeds of plant and animal are a result
13-1
Hybridization
Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of each
Tend to be hardier against disease
(more resistant)
13-1
Inbreeding
Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics
Maintains desired characteristics
Risks: due to close similarity, may bring together neg. effects
13-1
Line breeding
Breeding closely related individuals (not as closely related as in inbreeding)
Still keeps desired traits from each parent
13-1
Outcrossing
Same as hybridization
13-1
Increasing
Done by mutations variation (which may be natural or induced)
These will be inherited
Polyploid
Many sets of chromosomes
Fatal in animals
13-2
Manipulating DNA
Genetic Engineering
Making changes in DNA in living organisms
13-3 Cell Transformation
Transformation
Cell takes in DNA from outside the cell
The external DNA becomes part of cell’s DNA
13-4
Application of Gen. Engineering
Transgenic
Contain genes from Organisms
other organisms Gene from other organism is inserted into cells
of other organisms Revolutionized agriculture
13-4
Application of Gen. Engineering
Transgenic
Animals: mice – w/ Organisms human genes making their immune system act as ours so effects of medicine can be studied
13-4
Application of Gen. Engineering
Transgenic
Livestock – w/ x-tra Organisms growth hormone so they grow faster and have more meat, less fat
Plants: (GM) – genetically modified
13-4
Application of Gen. Engineering
Transgenic
Plants: some Organisms produce natural insecticides
Plants: some are naturally resistant to weed-killing chemicals (round-up ready)
13-4
Application of Gen. Engineering
Cloning
Creation of a member of a population genetically identical
to another 1997 – Ian Wilmut – cloned sheep “Dolly”
Since this cows, pigs, and mice have been