MODULE 1 OF THE GEORGIA BASIC FIREFIGHTER COURSE
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Transcript MODULE 1 OF THE GEORGIA BASIC FIREFIGHTER COURSE
State of Georgia
BASIC FIRE FIGHTER TRAINING COURSE
Module 1
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
The planned and systematic release and
removal of heated air, smoke, and toxic
gases from a confined area and the
replacement of these products of
combustion with a supply of cooler, fresh
air.
Ventilation (M-1)
2
PROPER VENTILATION
Advantages
Simplifies rescue
Reduces flashover
hazards
Reduces backdraft
hazards
Reduces
mushrooming
Speeds
extinguishment
Salvage operations
Reduces damage
Decreases danger
Easier firefighting
Confines the fire
Ventilation (M-1)
3
VENTILATION EFFECTS
PROPER
Improved visibility
Lower temperatures
Safer working
conditions
IMPROPER
Fire may Spread
Potential Backdraft
May delay rescue
Potentially harmful to
occupants
Ventilation (M-1)
4
TYPES OF VENTILATION
Natural
Horizontal
Vertical
Ventilation (M-1)
5
TYPES OF VENTILATION
Forced
Hydraulic
Mechanical
Ventilation (M-1)
6
TYPES OF FORCED VENTILATON
Mechanical
• Depressurization
• Pressurization
Ventilation (M-1)
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Depressurization
Advantages
Disadvantages
• effective when others are
not
• ensures positive control
• supplements other
methods of ventilation
• may be faster than
natural ventilation
• good public relations
• May cause fire to intensify
and spread
• Needs a power source
• Special equipment is
required
• Interferes with egress and
ingress
Ventilation (M-1)
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Pressurization
Advantages
• done without
entering structure
• doesn’t interfere with
ingress or egress
Disadvantages
• Needs a power source
• Special equipment is
required
• May cause fire to intensify
and spread
Ventilation (M-1)
9
HYDRAULIC VENTILATION
Disadvantages
Advantages
• requires no special
equipment
• can be performed by
the same firefighter
• removes smoke faster
than mechanical
ventilation
Ventilation (M-1)
• increase in water
damage
• increases demand on
water supply
• freezing of water
• time in is limited
• firefighters may
remain in structure
10
VENTILATION
Considerations
Life safety conditions
Building conditions
Fire conditions
Ventilation (M-1)
11
BACKDRAFT
Effects
Structural damage
Serious injury
Flying debris
Additional heat or fire damage
Ventilation (M-1)
12
BACKDRAFT
Prevention
Control openings
Open slowly
Natural vertical ventilation
Ventilation (M-1)
13
ROOF TYPES
Flat
Ventilation (M-1)
14
ROOF TYPES
Pitched or
Gable
Ventilation (M-1)
15
ROOF TYPES
Arched
Ventilation (M-1)
16
VERTICAL VENTILATION
Safety Precautions
Wear full protective equipment
Determine the safety of the building and roof
• IF UNSAFE … STAY OFF !!!
Have a charged hose line ready and in position
Coordinate ventilation with other crews
Observe wind direction in relation to exposures
Ventilation (M-1)
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VERTICAL VENTILATION
Safety Precautions
Note the existence of and avoid obstructions
or excessive weight on the roof
Extend ladder 3 to 5 rungs above the roof
line
Sound the roof for structural integrity
before stepping on to it
Provide two means of escape
Use life lines, roof ladders or other means to
prevent slipping or falling
Ventilation (M-1)
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VERTICAL VENTILATION
Safety Precautions
Work in groups of two but no more than
necessary
Use caution around electrical wires
Use tools with caution and beware of others
Start power tools on the ground; and shut
off before hoisting
Avoid cutting main structural supports
Ventilation (M-1)
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VERTICAL VENTILATION
Safety Precautions
The angle of cut should be away from the body
Guard the opening in the roof
Evacuate the roof when ventilation is complete
Use support members of the structure for travel
Ventilation (M-1)
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HORIZONTAL VENTILATION
Safety Precautions
Wear full protective equipment
Determine the safety of the building
Work in groups
Provide two means of escape
Have a charged hose line ready and in
position to protect exposures
Coordinate ventilation with other crews
Use caution around electrical wires
Use tools with caution.
Ventilation (M-1)
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VENTILATION TOOLS
Pike pole
Pick-head axe
Power Saw
Ladders
Ventilation (M-1)
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NATURAL VERTICAL VENTILATION
Procedure
Determine where to ventilate
Ladder 5 rungs above the roofline
Deploy roof ladder
Locate roof supports
Make the opening at least 4’ X 4’
Remove roof materials
Cut decking alongside joist
Pry up boards
Open ceiling below
Ventilation (M-1)
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NATURAL HORIZONTAL VENTILATION
Procedure
Determine where air is to be channeled
Determine where to ventilate
Open structure on windward side as low
as possible
Open structure on leeward side as high
as possible.
Ventilation (M-1)
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NATURAL TRENCH VENTILATION
Follow same safety precautions as for vertical
ventilation
Determine where the opening is to be made
• Ahead of the fire
Cut trench from one exterior wall to the other
• 4 feet wide
Use same procedures as for vertical ventilation
Ventilation (M-1)
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DEPRESSURIZATION VENTILATION
Ventilation (M-1)
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PRESSURIZED VENTILATION
Ventilation (M-1)
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HYDRAULIC VENTILATION
Ventilation (M-1)
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