Transcript MODULE 1 OF THE GEORGIA BASIC FIREFIGHTER COURSE

State of Georgia
BASIC FIRE FIGHTER TRAINING COURSE
Module 1
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
The planned and systematic release and
removal of heated air, smoke, and toxic
gases from a confined area and the
replacement of these products of
combustion with a supply of cooler, fresh
air.
Ventilation (M-1)
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PROPER VENTILATION
Advantages
 Simplifies rescue
 Reduces flashover
hazards
 Reduces backdraft
hazards
 Reduces
mushrooming
 Speeds
extinguishment
 Salvage operations
 Reduces damage
 Decreases danger
 Easier firefighting
 Confines the fire
Ventilation (M-1)
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VENTILATION EFFECTS
PROPER
 Improved visibility
 Lower temperatures
 Safer working
conditions
IMPROPER
 Fire may Spread
 Potential Backdraft
 May delay rescue
 Potentially harmful to
occupants
Ventilation (M-1)
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TYPES OF VENTILATION
Natural
Horizontal
Vertical
Ventilation (M-1)
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TYPES OF VENTILATION
Forced
Hydraulic
Mechanical
Ventilation (M-1)
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TYPES OF FORCED VENTILATON
 Mechanical
• Depressurization
• Pressurization
Ventilation (M-1)
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Depressurization
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
• effective when others are
not
• ensures positive control
• supplements other
methods of ventilation
• may be faster than
natural ventilation
• good public relations
• May cause fire to intensify
and spread
• Needs a power source
• Special equipment is
required
• Interferes with egress and
ingress
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MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Pressurization
 Advantages
• done without
entering structure
• doesn’t interfere with
ingress or egress
 Disadvantages
• Needs a power source
• Special equipment is
required
• May cause fire to intensify
and spread
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HYDRAULIC VENTILATION
 Disadvantages
 Advantages
• requires no special
equipment
• can be performed by
the same firefighter
• removes smoke faster
than mechanical
ventilation
Ventilation (M-1)
• increase in water
damage
• increases demand on
water supply
• freezing of water
• time in is limited
• firefighters may
remain in structure
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VENTILATION
Considerations
Life safety conditions
Building conditions
Fire conditions
Ventilation (M-1)
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BACKDRAFT
Effects
Structural damage
Serious injury
Flying debris
Additional heat or fire damage
Ventilation (M-1)
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BACKDRAFT
Prevention
Control openings
Open slowly
Natural vertical ventilation
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ROOF TYPES
Flat
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ROOF TYPES
Pitched or
Gable
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ROOF TYPES
Arched
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VERTICAL VENTILATION
Safety Precautions
 Wear full protective equipment
 Determine the safety of the building and roof
• IF UNSAFE … STAY OFF !!!
 Have a charged hose line ready and in position
 Coordinate ventilation with other crews
 Observe wind direction in relation to exposures
Ventilation (M-1)
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VERTICAL VENTILATION
Safety Precautions
 Note the existence of and avoid obstructions
or excessive weight on the roof
 Extend ladder 3 to 5 rungs above the roof
line
 Sound the roof for structural integrity
before stepping on to it
 Provide two means of escape
 Use life lines, roof ladders or other means to
prevent slipping or falling
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VERTICAL VENTILATION
Safety Precautions
 Work in groups of two but no more than
necessary
 Use caution around electrical wires
 Use tools with caution and beware of others
 Start power tools on the ground; and shut
off before hoisting
 Avoid cutting main structural supports
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VERTICAL VENTILATION
Safety Precautions
 The angle of cut should be away from the body
 Guard the opening in the roof
 Evacuate the roof when ventilation is complete
 Use support members of the structure for travel
Ventilation (M-1)
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HORIZONTAL VENTILATION
Safety Precautions
 Wear full protective equipment
 Determine the safety of the building
 Work in groups
 Provide two means of escape
 Have a charged hose line ready and in
position to protect exposures
 Coordinate ventilation with other crews
 Use caution around electrical wires
 Use tools with caution.
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VENTILATION TOOLS
Pike pole
Pick-head axe
Power Saw
Ladders
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NATURAL VERTICAL VENTILATION
Procedure
 Determine where to ventilate
 Ladder 5 rungs above the roofline
 Deploy roof ladder
 Locate roof supports
 Make the opening at least 4’ X 4’
 Remove roof materials
 Cut decking alongside joist
 Pry up boards
 Open ceiling below
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NATURAL HORIZONTAL VENTILATION
Procedure
 Determine where air is to be channeled
 Determine where to ventilate
 Open structure on windward side as low
as possible
 Open structure on leeward side as high
as possible.
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NATURAL TRENCH VENTILATION
 Follow same safety precautions as for vertical
ventilation
 Determine where the opening is to be made
• Ahead of the fire
 Cut trench from one exterior wall to the other
• 4 feet wide
 Use same procedures as for vertical ventilation
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DEPRESSURIZATION VENTILATION
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PRESSURIZED VENTILATION
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HYDRAULIC VENTILATION
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