Transcript Introduction to AP Synthesis

AP Language & Composition
Argument Essay
Review Activity
Source:
http://desantisenglish.weebly.com/uploads/5/4/1/2/5412869/e_la_ass
embling_an_argument_2009_t_pe-1.pdf
DAY 1
Five Canons of Rhetoric
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Inventio – Invention
Dispositio – Arrangement
Elocutio – Style
Memoria – Memory
Pronuntiatio - Delivery
DAY 1
Canons of Rhetoric: Inventio (Invention)
•Think of what to write and how to convince
your audience.
•Brainstorm, prewrite, use graphic organizers,
etc. to plot out ideas for your essay.
•Find (recall) the evidence you are going to use
in your essay.
DAY 1
Canons of Rhetoric: Dispositio (Arrangement)
•Use step-by-step guidelines:
1. Thesis
2. Counter & Argue
3. Argue
4. Argue
5. Close
• Claim
• Claim
• Evidence
• Evidence
• Evidence
• Warrant
• Warrant
• ABE
• Assumption • Evidence
• Backing
• Warrant
• Effect(s)
• ABE
DAY 1
Canons of Rhetoric: Elecutio (Style)
•Grammatically correct
•Clear
•Appropriate for the subject and audience
•Ornamented using language in an unusual
or inventive way to draw in and hold your
audience (use figurative language, but avoid
cliché)
DAY 1
Canons of Rhetoric: Memoria (Memory)
•Examples and knowledge of the subject (from
memory) that establish your credibility as an
author: anecdotes, facts, allusions, etc.
• Watch world news.
• Read local newspaper.
• Read snooty, East Coast literary journals named
after dead white guys.
• Pay attention in history, art, science, etc.
DAY 1
Canons of Rhetoric: Pronuntiatio (Delivery)
•Method of presenting the material
•Already chosen in advance – essay
First-Person Point of View
DAY 1
• The jury is out.
• “I believe/think” is implied and, therefore, redundant. ???
• Personalizes an argument, making it warmer and more
palatable. ???
• Many of the texts used by the exam itself are first person
explorations of a topic.
• You will have to decide based on your reading of the prompt
and your evaluation of the topic’s seriousness.
• AP readers are instructed to reward you for your argument, not
penalize you for your style choice.
DAY 1
Unpack the Prompt
1. Read the prompt.
2. What is the subject of the paragraph and
prompt?
3. What are the tasks of the prompt?
4. Where will the evidence for support come
from?
Make TWO Charts
Reasons to allow minors to create
personal web pages
Minors’ primarily use for web
pages to discover their world and
themselves.
DAY 1
Evidence to support your claim
Type of Appeal
Fact/Statistic: According to watchdog groups
the average blogger is a teenage girl who
communicates with 5-10 friends.
logical and ethical
Find two more reasons… and provide evidence…
and identify
appeal(s).
Reasons to NOT allow minors to
Evidence to support your claim
Type of Appeal
create personal web pages
Peer pressure often makes people Anecdotal: Current media campaign to keep logical and emotional
post things they later regret.
teens from posting revealing personal
photos.
Find two more reasons… and provide evidence…
and identify
appeal(s).
Thesis Statement
• What is the topic / question at hand?
• Make a general statement about it (summarize
both sides of the issue in your own words).
• Write a thesis statement in which you take a stand
you can defend with appropriate evidence:
Although counterargument, minors should or
should not be allowed to create personal web
pages because give a GENERAL statement of your
reasoning.
DAY 2
Introduction: Practice
• short anecdote that deals with the “big idea”
• concession
• interesting or controversial fact or statistic
• question(s) that will be answered in your argument
• relevant background material
• an analogy or image you will revisit throughout the
essay
• a definition of a term or idea that is central to your
argument
DAY 2
Introduction: Example
DAY 2
As states initiate more and more strict legislation
of cell phone use, the greater public seems to
find ever more foolish things to do with their
devices. From text messaging while driving to
blatant disregard of safety warnings, one
conclusion seems inescapable: cell phones are,
indeed, dangerous tools.
Conclusion: Practice
DAY 2
• Ask a pertinent question
• Present a final vivid and memorable image
• Provide an accurate and useful analogy
• Dismiss an opposing idea
• Predict future consequences
• Call for further action
• Return to a scene or anecdote from the introduction
Conclusion: Example
DAY 2
Whether it is because of handheld use while driving or
ignorance of the dangers of unshielded radiation, the
federal government is absolutely in the right to regulate cell
phone use in public. It is a fact that cell phones have
saturated society to the point where even elementary
school children regularly use them—they are simply too
entrenched in daily life to ban outright; however, efforts
must be enacted to control their public use to protect
society against the reckless, and to protect society’s health
against a poorly recognized danger.
DAY 2
Counterargument / Body Paragraph
• Use step-by-step guidelines:
• Counter & Claim
• Evidence
• Evidence
OR
• Warrant
• Assumption
• Backing
• Effect(s)
• Counter & Claim
• Evidence
• Warrant
• ABE
• Evidence
• Warrant
• ABE