Questione agraria oggi e ridefinizione dei poteri
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Transcript Questione agraria oggi e ridefinizione dei poteri
73rd EAAE Seminar
Ancona, 28-30 June 2001
Rural Development Policy
in a Diversified Europe:
Some Notes for a Research Agenda
Franco Sotte
Dipartimento di Economia
Università di Ancona
Piazza Martelli, 8
60121 Ancona
[email protected]
73rd EAAE Ancona, 2001
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Why this Seminar on RD Policy?
Evaluation of RDP experiences (especially CAP)
Structural policy, Leader, Sapard, Regional development plans Ag2k
But also other experiences of RDP: parks, border regions, remote areas
Tools and Methods
Instruments for evaluation
ex ante
in itinere
ex-post
Data and statistical information
Institutional solutions
Definition of RDP
What is rurality ?
What is rural development ?
What is Rural Development Policy then ?
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What is Rural?
The definition evolves (and corresponding indicators are needed)
“Agrarian rurality”
Rurality = Agriculture
Unit of measurement: rate of employment in agriculture
“Industrial rurality”
Other economic sectors (industry) prevail
Unit of measurement: population density (OECD)
“Post-industrial rurality” (dispersion, small scale, common goods)
Polymorphism
Natural capital, Social capital, Human capital, Artificial capital
Economic complexity and diversity
Integration among services, industry and agriculture
Agriculture: new quality oriented market demand, multifunctional roles
Which unit(s) of measurement for the level of rurality?
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Local Specific Rurality Issues?
Peri-urban model
Integration with metropolitan area: residence, local demand
High natural and tourist values
Prevalence of common goods and services
Commodity oriented agriculture
Competition in the international markets
High quality agriculture
Agricultural and agro-food districts
Severe natural constraint areas
Dry areas
Very remote rural areas
Isolation, lack of integration
Specific cases of disaster areas
War and ethnic cleansing: Croatia, Yugoslavia;
Earthquake: the Italian Apennines
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The 4 types of Capital in Rurality
Human
Capital
Natural
Capital
Rurality
Social
Capital
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Artificial
Capital
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The Risk of losing the Balance
Waste of
Natural Capital
Waste of
Human Capital
Weakened
Rurality
Waste of
Social Capital
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Less artificial
artificial
Less
Artificial
Capital
Capital
Capital
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What Is Rural Development ?
Balance between Human-Social-Natural-Artificial capital
Preserve the complexity
Maximise the resilience
Integration between economic sectors
Provide non agricultural functions and employment
Foster the exchange of resources
Co-evolution between rural and urban
Improve the quality of life
Food security
Rural services (tourism & leisure, culture, health, environment, etc.)
Increase the overall competitivity
Maintain flexibility
Conserve uniqueness and identity
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What is RD Policy?
An integrated vision of territorial development
Between sectorial economic policies
Between economic & social, environmental, territorial planning
policies
With development policies of other territories
A related distribution of responsibilities
Centre - Periphery
Bottom-up and Top-down approaches
Government vs. Governance (Formal-Informal)
Public and Private
A cumulative construction
Learning by doing / trial and error processes
Based on consistent monitoring and evaluation feedback
Overall analysis of policy impact
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Rural versus agricultural
development
Agrarian rurality
Agricultural
development
Rural
development
Post-industrial rurality
Rural
development
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Ancona, 2001
Agricultural
development
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How does RDP Change ?
Industrial
policies
Tertiary
policies
Health
policies
Agricultural
policy
Infrastructural
policies
Education
policies
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Environ.tal
policies
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Why the present Cap does not Suit
RD?
Sectorial definition
No integration with other structural policies
RD regional programs basically only for agriculture
Uneven budget distribution
1st Pillar (price support + direct payments) = 90%
2nd Pillar (RDP) = only 10% + mixed collection of measures
Final effect oriented by prevailing coupled push
No comparable support to multifunctional functions
Results
Distribution of benefits unchanged (mainly rent)
No significant support to new/young entrepreneurs
Territorial RD reduced to be 10% of a sectorial policy
Obstacle to enlargement and WTO negotiations
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Rural policy in the Agenda 2000
scenario
Lack of other
basic policies
CAP
Ag2k RDP
2nd Pillar
Price support
&
direct payments
1st pillar
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Leader
Plus
Obj. 1-2
structural
policy
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Which Agricultural Policy
corresponds best with RDP?
Moving from CAP to CARPE
Market stabilisation
Environmental and cultural landscape payments
Rural development incentives
Transitional adjustment assistance
An integrated vision of agricultural policy
EU + National + Regional
Expenditure + tax and social security exemption
Targeted towards the entrepreneurs
Finalised to a positive turnover (a central role for young farmers)
Restore a business and marketing perspective
Ag. policy oriented to create a services network
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RDP: a Challenge for Ag-Econs?
RD: a new experiment in governing in Europe
Cooperation between policy makers and researchers
Interaction with other economic disciplines, as well as with
social and territorial sciences
A new leading role of agricultural economists
in sustainable development definition
and in the corresponding design of suitable policies
Thank you
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