Transcript Session 1.5. efsa planning: working scenarios, partners

Session 1.2.
WFP
Conceptual
Framework:
Food and
Nutrition
Security
Advanced EFSA Learning Programme
Learning objectives
After this session, participants should be able to :
1. Describe key concepts of WFP Conceptual
Framework of Food and Nutrition Security
2. Adapt and apply the Conceptual Framework to
identify key factors that affect food security and
nutrition in a given context
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Where are we?
EFSA Process
Adapt conceptual framework & objectives
Prepare analysis plan: indicators, data, sources
Collect, review secondary data
Collect primary data
Conduct situation analysis
Conduct forecast analysis
Analyse response options
Make response recommendations
Prepare report
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Conceptual Framework
 Informs selection of indicators for analysis
& use in targeting
 Guides design of data collection &
analysis
 Considers food availability, access &
utilisation as core determinants of FS
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Conceptual Framework
Provides:
 basis for developing initial hypotheses on
emergency
 way to visualise relationships among
factors affecting F&NS
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Main objectives of an EFSA
To determine risks for the population…
life-threatening risks, e.g., malnutrition,
disease
risks to livelihoods, e.g., loss of assets that
endanger present , future livelihoods
… and what to do about them
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Specific objectives of EFSA
To identify:
 who is food insecure and/or malnourished, and how severe
is food insecurity: whose lives or livelihoods are at risk
 main causes of food insecurity & malnutrition including
chronic/transitory issues
 need for, and type of, interventions to address food
insecurity and malnutrition to save lives & protect/strengthen
livelihoods
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WFP Food and Nutrition
Security Conceptual
Framework: Key concepts
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Livelihoods
Food security
Nutrition security
Advanced EFSA Learning Programme
1 - Livelihoods
livelihoods approach examines:
• impact of shock on human, financial, social,
physical, & natural, assets
• impact of policies, institutions, other
processes
• strategies the affected are using to survive
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Livelihood
Outcomes
Livelihood Assets
Vulnerability
Context
• Shocks
• Trends
• Seasonality
H = Human capital
N = Natural capital
F = Financial capital
P = Physical capital
S = Social capital
H
S
N Influence
& access
P
F
• More income
Policies
Institutions
&
Processes
Livelihoods
Strategies
to achieve
… tries to determine likely
outcomes for the affected:
changes in vulnerability,
food / nutrition security
status, etc.
• Increased wellbeing
• Reduced
vulnerability
• Improved food
& nutrition
security
• Sustainable
use of Natural
Resources
Advanced EFSA Learning Programme
Example of household livelihood
analysis
Vulnerability
context
HH asset profile
H:
• increasingly
dry and arid
conditions
• low rainfall
• Increasing soil
erosion
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S:
F:
P:
N:
Policy,
Institutions,
Processes
healthy
• fertilizer subsidy
members of
available
working age;
good
• strong agricultural
agricultural skills extension service
well connected • strong trust
in community
between
community leader
little cash
& HH head
few productive
assets
no land
Livelihood
strategies
 HH
use strong
social assets to
get loans
 rent
land; buy
tools & agric.
inputs
 HH
use human
assets to farm &
to offset low
financial, natural
assets
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How are livelihoods affected?
Resilience
Vulnerability Extent to
which
households
can withstand
shock
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2 - Food security
Availability
Access
Utilisation
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…when all people, at all
times, have physical and
economic access to
sufficient, safe and nutritious
food to meet their dietary
needs, and food
preferences for an active
and healthy life…
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3 - Nutrition security
Food security
Health
Acute malnutrition:
Caring practices clear sign of risk to life
Chronic malnutrition:
long-term problems
related to food, health
and care
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UNICEF Conceptual Framework of
malnutrition
Child malnutrition,
death and disability
Outcomes
Outcomes
Immediate
Immediate causes
causes
Underlying
Underlying causes at
household/ family
causes
at
level
household
level
Basic causes
Basic causes at
at societal
societal level
level
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Inadequate
dietary intake
Insufficient
access
to food
Disease
Inadequate
maternal & childcare practices
Poor wat/san &
inadequate health
services
Quantity & quality of actual
resources - human, economic,
organizational - and the
way they are controlled
Potential resources:
environment, technology,
people
Advanced EFSA Learning Programme
WFP Conceptual Framework of Food and
Nutrition Security
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Conceptual Framework:
levels of analysis (1)
Basic causes:
structural factors
that establish the
context in which
malnutrition and
food insecurity exist
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Conceptual Framework:
levels of analysis (2)
Underlying causes:
characteristics of
individual households
that make them more,
or less, susceptible to
malnutrition and food
insecurity
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Conceptual Framework:
levels of analysis (3)
Immediate causes:
factors that can lead
directly to malnutrition
and death
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Conceptual Framework:
levels of analysis (4)
Outcomes:
malnutrition and
excess mortality
arising from failure to
resolve problems at
other levels
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Adapting the Conceptual Framework
Why?
The relative significance of
each framework element
depends on region &
country, nature of crisis, &
affected groups
Adapting it to local context
allows formulation of initial
hypotheses on probable
local effects of crisis
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Adapting the Framework: How?
Review secondary info & discussions with key
informants
Identify factors most likely to affect FS&N in current
context
Identify possible linkages among factors affecting food
& nutrition security
guide
initial hypotheses
form basis for
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definition of information
requirements & selection of
assessment methodology
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Exercise 1.1.
Adapt the Conceptual Framework
 Use
Worksheet for each
Working Group
 45
22
min + 60 min debriefing
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Wrap-up
The Framework:
 Provides basis for development of initial
emergency hypotheses, causes & effects
 Helps to visualize relationships between factors
affecting food & nutrition security
 Guides data collection & analysis
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Advanced EFSA Learning Programme