Transcript L1/9 PPT - Dallastown Area School District

Taking Notes
Introduction
Taking notes
Summarizing information
Paraphrasing information
Using direct quotations
Talk About It
Your Turn
Tech Tool in this presentation
• Webnote
Introduction
Derrel has a narrow research topic . . .
Topic: communication
between dolphins and
human beings
and an effective research
question.
How do dolphins
communicate with human
beings?
Introduction
He has located valid sources of information.
What’s next?
Dolphin Tribe: Remembering the Human-Dolphin
Connection, by Ashleea Nielsen
He’s even created a source list.
1)Nielsen, Ashleea. Dolphin Tribe: Remembering the
Human-Dolphin Connection. 2nd ed. Maui:
Dancing Dolphin Press, 1994. Print.
Introduction
Derrel is ready to take notes from his sources. This is a
very important step in the research process. He will:
• search for information that answers
his research question
• write down information he
doesn’t want to forget
• take notes in his own
words, whenever possible
• organize his work
by labeling each note
with a source number
Taking notes
By this point in the research process, you have already
found several good sources of information. Now it’s time
to read each source and look for information that
answers your research question.
Because you can’t
remember everything
you read, you will
take notes on any
information you think
might be useful.
Taking notes
What should you write down? You are looking for
facts
examples
statistics
quotations
that answer your research question.
• Fact: a statement that can be proven to be true
Bottlenose dolphins live in groups called pods.
• Statistic: information in number form
At least 2,700 bottlenose dolphins are in captivity.
Taking notes
• Example: a specific illustration of a general idea
When hunting, dolphins cooperate by herding the fish
or taking turns charging through them.
• Quotation: someone else’s exact
words
“It is the dolphin’s birthright to swim in a
straight line in the ocean as far as its
heart desires.” –Ric O’Barry
Taking notes
As you consider the information you find in your sources,
keep these questions in mind:
Does this information help
answer my research question?
Would this information help my
reader understand my topic?
If the answer to either of these
questions is yes, you should take
notes on that information.
Taking notes
There are three basic ways to take notes. Use all three
as you get information from your sources.
Summarizing means stating just the author’s most
important ideas in your own words.
Paraphrasing means stating all of the author’s ideas
(both main ideas and details) in your own words.
Using a direct quotation means using an author’s
exact words within quotation marks.
Summarizing information
Summarizing is a very important research skill. Follow
these rules to summarize information from a source:
Use only the author’s most
important ideas.
Put the ideas in your own words.
Do not use the author’s words.
Make your summary only about
one-third as long as the original.
Summarizing information
Below is a section from an article on dolphin behavior.
On the next slide, you will see this
information summarized.
Summarizing information
Is this a good summary of the passage?
Why or why not?
Dolphins are mammals, like you are.
They breathe air and they talk to
each other. Sometimes they sound like
they are having a conversation with
each other at a party, answering each
other or all talking at once. They
use nonverbal communication, too,
like jaw claps, bubble blowing, and
fin caressing.
author’s
words
unimportant
details
author’s
words
Summarizing information
What about this summary? In what ways is it different
from the first summary?
Dolphins are members of the
mammal family, just like
humans. Dolphins breathe air,
communicate verbally and
nonverbally, and live in
groups, just like people.
student’s own words
author’s most
important ideas
only about 1/3 as
long as original
Paraphrasing information
Paraphrasing is another skill you will use often in
research. Here are the rules for paraphrasing a source:
Include both main ideas and details from the
original source.
Put the ideas and details in your own words—give
your own explanation of what the author says.
If you use any of the author’s words, put them in
quotation marks.
“ ”
Make your paraphrase about the same length as
the original.
Paraphrasing information
Here is more information on dolphins. You’ll see this
passage paraphrased on the next slide.
Thinking Dolphin
Scientists think dolphins “talk” about everything from basic
facts like their age to their emotional state. “I speculate
that they say things like, ‘there are some good fish over
here,’ or ‘watch out for that shark because he’s hunting,’”
says Denise Herzing, who studies dolphins in the Bahamas.
When the going gets tough, for instance, some dolphins call
for backup. After being bullied by a duo of bottlenose
dolphins, one spotted dolphin returned to the scene the next
day with a few pals to chase and harass one of the bully
bottlenose dolphins. “It’s as if the spotted dolphin
communicated to his buddies that he needed their help, then
led them in search of this guy, says Herzing, who watched
the scuffle.
Paraphrasing information
Is this a good paraphrase of the passage? Why?
Scientists aren’t sure
what dolphins talk about.
They think that sometimes
they may be calling for
backup when they chatter
with other dolphins.
gives main idea, but leaves
out supporting details
uses the author’s exact
words without quotation
marks
not nearly as long as the
original
Paraphrasing information
Here is another paraphrase. Is this one good? Why or
why not?
Dolphins could be communicating about
their feelings, planning their fishing
strategy, or warning each other about
possible dangers. Scientists aren’t
quite sure. One scientist who works in
the Bahamas, Denise Herzing, described
an incident in which a dolphin who was
being bullied returned with some friends
the next day. She believes that dolphins
may “call for backup” to others in the
pod. “It’s as if the spotted dolphin
communicated to his buddies that he
needed their help,” she says.
includes the
main ideas and
details from the
passage
uses student’s
own words
uses the
author’s exact
words in
quotation marks
Using direct quotations
When you use an author’s exact words in your own
work, you are making a direct quotation. Here are
some guidelines for using direct quotations:
Quote the author directly only when his or her
words communicate a powerful point.
Put quotation marks around each direct quotation.
Don’t overuse direct quotations. Less than ten
percent of your research project should be direct
quotations from your sources.
Using direct quotations
Here is an example of a source a student is planning
to use:
Social Behavior
Dolphins in a pod appear to establish
strong social bonds. Behavioral studies
suggest that certain animals prefer
association with each other and recognize
each other after periods of separation.
Mother-calf bonds are long-lasting; a calf
typically stays with its mother three to
six years or more. Adult male pair bonds
are strong and long-lasting.
Next you’ll see some examples of quotations from this
passage.
Using direct quotations
Is this an effective way to quote a portion of the source?
“Dolphins in a pod appear to
establish strong social bonds.”
Scientists have found that
certain animals prefer to be
together and recognize each
other after they have been
separated. “Mother-calf bonds
are long lasting; a calf
typically stays with its mother
three to six years or more.”
the quotation is
not a powerful
point
author’s words, not
student’s own
words
quotations are
overused
Using direct quotations
Is this an effective direct quotation?
When studying how dolphins bond,
scientists have found that some
dolphins “prefer association
with each other and recognize
each other after periods of
separation.” Mothers and their
calves may stay together for up
to six years.
quotation
communicates a
powerful point
student didn’t
overuse
quotations
Tech Tool: Webnote
Webnote is an online tool that you can use for taking
notes.
To use Webnote, you first create a
workspace with an original name. Each
time you enter the name of your
workspace at the Webnote homepage,
it will take you back to your work.
Tech Tool: Webnote
Create a new note by clicking the small, yellow square in
the upper left corner.
When you use
Webnote to record
research sources,
remember to add
your source
numbers!
On each note, type
in the information
you want to
capture.
Tech Tool: Webnote
With Webnote, you can change the background color of
each note. You
might use a
different color for
every source.
You can also put the
notecards in any order.
These two features will help you group cards as you
think about how to organize your notes.
Talk About It
Discuss these questions with your classmates.
1. What makes note taking such an important part of
the research process?
2. How do you determine whether you should include a
piece of information in your notes? What should you
do if you’re not sure?
3. How do you know if you have found the right kind of
information for your research?
4. How do you know when you have enough
information to write your draft?
Your Turn
Read the article below and use the information to
complete the activities on the next slide.
Your Turn
Use the news article on the previous slide to complete
the following tasks:
1. Create a note by summarizing information from the
source.
2. Create a note by paraphrasing information from the
source.
3. Create a note with a direct quotation from the
source.
Your Turn
1. Note with summarized information:
2. Note with paraphrased information:
3. Note with direct quotation:
The End