Transcript Energy Efficient UPS Technology (9390 & 9395, ESS-VMMS

Energy Efficient Data Centre UPS
Eaton’s Energy Advantage Architecture
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
The Quest For Energy Efficiencies
• The Key Challenge for Data
Centre Operators
• Energy Efficiency
• Reduced OpEx
• Sustainability
• Regulations
• The Solution
• Eaton 9390, 9395 & BladeUPS UPS
Source: CEMEP UPS
• Industry-leading efficiency in double
conversion mode
• Energy Advantage Architecture
• Innovative proprietary technologies bringing
new ways to maximise UPS energy efficiencies
without compromising on reliability
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Defining a “Green” UPS
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Initial cost of ownership
Savings in delivery costs
Savings in real estate requirements
Savings in installation and cabling
Savings in operating costs
Savings in maintenance costs
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Transformer-free technology
• Low frequency &
analogue control designs
require transformers
• Advanced high frequency
digitally controlled IGBT
designs don’t!
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Transformer-free topology
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Transformer-free: The result
250kW Transformerfree magnetics
assembly
250kW Transformerbased magnetics
assembly
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Transformer-free benefits
High
Efficiency
over range
Input Power
Performance
Output Power
Performance
NEW GREEN TECHNOLOGY:
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Next Generation Green Technology.
Lowest Pollution to Electrical GRID
LOWER COST OF OWNERSHIP:
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TRANSFORMER-FREE UPS
Save on Operating Costs + Capital.
EATON EXPERIENCE:
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First to Introduce Transformer-free
Technology.
Over 15 years of experience
Proven Reliability
ENTIRE RANGE:
Footprint &
Weight
Total Cost of
Ownership
EATON
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Advantages
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Entire Range available from 1kVA to
>1100kVA
Common feature set
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Transformer-Free resources
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Energy Advantage Architecture
• Two complementary Eaton-proprietary technologies to maximise
UPS performance & efficiency
• Energy Saver System (ESS)
• The ultimate savings: 99% efficiency
• Automatic fast transfer to double conversion mode
when needed (in less than 2ms)
• Variable Module Management System (VMMS)
• Maximised efficiency in double conversion mode
• Both in single- and multi-UPS systems applications
Energy Advantage Architecture
 Higher System Efficiency
 No Compromise On Reliability
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Energy Saver System (ESS)
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The Purpose – Energy Saver System
Energy Saver System (ESS) allows
the UPS user to achieve the ultimate
power efficiency without
compromising the protection of the
supported equipment.
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The “Power Supply”
Common Theme
Universal input
Power factor
corrected (PFC)
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Acceptable Input Voltage to UPS
Is Double Conversion necessary?
• On Line UPS provide constant voltage regulation, but may unnecessarily waste energy
• On Line UPS with Energy Saver or “ECO” modes work in bypass mode when mains is
suitable, and in Double Conversion mode when line voltage is close to the limits of ITIC
Curve
• Transition time between Normal and Double Conversion mode should be ~2-4 ms
under all line/load conditions – up to 2x faster than any Mission Critical STS
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Energy Saver System engages modules
according to input power
Input Power Quality
Active Modules
Superior patented detection and transition technology
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Energy Saver System saves even more at
lower loadings
» ESS Efficiency - 99% across the complete operating range
» 85% reduction in losses compared to legacy transformer-based UPS
» Continuous power tracking and proprietary DSP algorithms combined
with transformer-free topology ensures critical loads are always protected
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How is ESS better than “ECO-mode”?
Conventional “Eco-modes” have been
available on UPS products for >10 years
Conventional ECO-mode is accomplished in one
of two ways:
» Power the load with Bypass Utility and wait for
the UPS to start, sync, and transfer to double
conversion mode when disturbances occur This takes too long.
» Operate in line interactive mode with the inverter
running for faster transitions to double conversion
mode - if the inverter is running, efficiency is not
maximised (no better than 96-98%.)
ESS solves both issues; it provides
best possible efficiency, and
instantaneous transfer to double
conversion when needed.
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How is ESS better than “ECO-mode”?
Eaton's Energy Saver System offers the
highest efficiency in the industry (99%)
Superior detection and transition
patented technology.
» Our power system fault detection technology allows
for a warp speed detection and correction of
disturbances well below 2 ms
» Our adaptive algorithm turns off the static switch
before the inverter and avoids back-feeding the input
in 600 micro seconds.
In short, we can detect and transition
faster and more reliably than traditional
ECO mode or high efficiency schemes.
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Utility Fault Transitions - Three Phase
Outage
Source Outage
ESS Output Response
1.2 ms
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DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages
Test Setup
» Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7
» Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8
» Load -> 100KW Resistive
» Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Common Battery
Test Description
» 1/2 cycle 0% dropout sequence
(All Phases)
» (0% is a low impedance (short)
source fault)
Source
Test Result
» 1.2ms Transfer Time (600us
detection time plus 600us SCR
clearing time).
Output
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DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages
Continued
Test Setup
» Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7
» Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8
» Load -> 225KVA ∆Y Transformer
with 100KW Resistive Load
» Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Separate Batteries
Test Description
» 40 cycle 40% dropout sequence
(All Phases)
Source
Test Result
» 1.6ms Transfer Time (1ms detection
time plus 600us SCR clearing time).
Output
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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages
Test Setup
» Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7
» Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8
» Load -> 100KW Resistive
» Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Common Battery
Test Description
» 1 cycle 0% dropout sequence (phase
L1)
» (0% is a low impedance (short)
source fault)
Source
Test Result
» 1ms Transfer Time
Output
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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages
Continued
Test Setup
» Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7
» Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8
» Load -> 100KW Resistive
» Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Common Battery
Test Description
» 12 cycle 40% dropout sequence
(phase L2)
Test Result
Source
» 1.2ms Transfer Time
Output
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages
Continued
Test Setup
• Source Channels -> 3 ,5 & 7
• Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8
• Load -> 225KVA ∆Y Transformer
with 100KW Resistive Load
• Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal
Redundant) with Separate Batteries
Test Description
• 1 cycle 0% dropout sequence (Phase
L2)
Source
Test Result
• 1.6ms Transfer Time
Output
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User Configurable Modes
The Eaton 9395 Energy Saver System
UPS features three configurable
modes of operation:
» Double Conversion
» Energy Saver System
» High Alert allows user defined
conditions to return to ESS
All modes are selectable from the front
panel or through serial
communications (XCP).
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Additional Advantages of ESS
High Alert Mode
User commands (locally or remotely) UPS to
enter Double Conversion mode for a pre-defined
time. At timeout, the unit automatically reverts to
ESS
Storm Detection Mode
UPS senses a significant number of
disturbances during a short period of time. It
automatically switches to Double Conversion
operation for 8 hours, then reverts to ESS.
Lower duty cycle for rectifier and inverter
will improve reliability and MTBF
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Additional Advantages of ESS
Fans are typically off; therefore the reliability
of one of the few moving parts in the UPS is
enhanced. Contrast with flywheel-based hi
efficiency systems (Piller, Hitec and Active
Power)
» Audible noise is reduced, since fans and PWM
are off. More flexibility in location of the UPS near
offices, public areas etc.
EMI is dramatically reduced, since the power
converters are idling 99.xx% of the time
» Load inrush handling is enhanced, due to lower
impedance of utility source vs. inverter. This is good
for motor loads and medical imaging applications
» ESS allows "seasonal scheduling" that is, run in
non-ESS during the Summer thunderstorm season,
then run in ESS rest of the year
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Operation at load faults
ESS Output Fault Detection
(Breaker Clearing)
While in ESS the UPS is capable of detecting the difference
between a load fault and an upstream short. If a load fault is
detected, the UPS will try to clear the fault/breaker by remaining in
ESS. If the fault is a short upstream from the UPS, it will
immediately perform a forward transfer. The forward transfer time is
less than 2 ms (due to the DSP control)
ESS Overload Behavior
If the load exceeds 110% of the UPS capacity while in Energy Saver
System, the UPS will transfer to bypass and will remain there until
the overload clears. Once the overload clears, the unit transitions
back to Energy Saver System (except for output faults – see above).
In Load Fault Mode, ESS Stays on Bypass and supplies
inverter current to provide maximum fault current!
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Summary – Energy Saver System
Energy costs are overwhelming
equipment costs in data centres.
» UPS electrical losses account for 5-10%
of the overall electrical expenditure.*
Eaton’s Energy Saver System drives
these losses down to nearly zero.
The energy savings recovers the cost
of the UPS in less than 5 years.
* Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the
Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore’s
Law, Uptime Institute, 2007
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Energy Advantage Architecture
Variable Module Management System (VMMS)
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
The Challenge For UPS’s
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In double conversion mode, the efficiency of
any UPS varies depending on the % of load
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How to maximise efficiency potential of
UPS systems with lighter loads
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Highest efficiency when close to full capacity
UPS systems rarely loaded at full capacity
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The Solution:
Eaton 9395 UPS
and VMMS
This is fact in redundant systems
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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VMMS Principle
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Example With Same Load Applied To Different Multi-UPS Configurations
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* In “ready state,” the UPM rectifies DClink, generates logic level PWM signals,
and filters EMI and lightning spikes.
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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UPMs in “Ready State”
• The ability of the UPS to quickly turn UPMs on
is due to the UPM being in a “Ready State”
• In “Ready State”:
• UPM Output Contactor is closed; Output Filter is
connected and DC Bus is energised via the
inverter; logic level PWM signals are generated, but
IGBT gate pulses are held off
• In VMMS mode, UPMs can pick up load in <1ms
• In ESS mode, the output filter capacitors also
provide surge protection – the more UPMs, the
more protection!
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UPM cycling
• At the beginning of each ABM cycle, all UPMs
are turned on
• All UPMs are on during charge cycle
• At the end of the ABM cycle, UPS reverts to
VMMS mode – different UPMs are turned off
after each ABM cycle, to ensure the workload
is shared equally amongst UPMs over the
system’s life
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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VMMS In A Nutshell
9395 UPS Efficiency
96
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9395
9395 1100kVA
825kVA
550kVA with
withVMMS
VMMSand
andN+0
N+0configuration*
configuration*
(according to system’s
redundancy requirements)
up to N+0 VMMS
efficiency curve
90
Efficiency %
VMMS allows to shift to
higher efficiency curves
Eaton 9395 1100kVA UPS
88
Eaton 9395 825kVA UPS
86
Eaton 9395 550kVA UPS
Eaton 9395 275kVA UPS
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Typical Operating Range
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80
78
Load kVA
9395 275kVA
9395 550kVA
9395 825kVA
9395 1100kVA
9395 VMMS N+0
Notes:
- Scaled drawing
- VMMS and N+0 curves using VMMS
default max UPM % load level @ 80% (*)
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VMMS Applications
• VMMS can be used in all multi-module (multiple-UPM)
9395 systems
• Single 9395 units from 550kVA to 1100kVA
• Distributed parallel systems
• Centralised SBM Systems
• Typical Applications Where VMMS is Particularly
Efficient
• Redundant N+1 and 2N systems UPS’s
• Lightly loaded: typically operate at loads < 45% load level where
efficiency is not optimal
• Data Centres, especially when UPS system feeds dual corded
servers
• Any applications when load is not constant
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VMMS Example:
9395 / 825kVA Units in Dual Corded Load with A and B feeds
Example with 440kVA load
(A 220kVA + B 220kVA)
Data Centre with
Dual Corded Servers
Single or Dual
Source
UPS Configuration
Without VMMS
VMMS on N+1 Redundancy
VMMS on N+0 Redundancy
91.2%
92.8%
94.3%
UPS Energy Savings
Used as reference for
savings calculation
56 MWh / year
108 MWh / year
Additional benefits
&
comments
 Industry-leading UPS
efficiency in double
conversion
Efficiency
@ 440kVA load
 Additional energy savings from reduced cooling in VMMS
(typically +30-40% to UPS energy savings)
 UPM’s in VMMS idle mode available for redundancy
A Feed
220kVA
A Feed
220kVA
A Feed
220kVA
B Feed
220kVA
B Feed
220kVA
B Feed
220kVA
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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3 x 825 Parallel System Efficiency
9395 VMMS System Efficiency Curves (Typical)
100%
System Efficiency %
95%
90%
Efficiency VMMS Disabled
85%
Efficiency VMMS Enabled
80%
75%
70%
0
10
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30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
System Load %
Eaton Confidential
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ESS with VMMS Double Conversion
Data Centre
with Dual
Corded
Servers
50% of Load
ESS 99%
Efficiency
“A”
ESS on “A”
Single or
Dual Source
X
“B”
VMMS > 93%
Efficiency
50% of Load
VMMS on “B”
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> 3% efficiency improvement over existing double conversion only approach
• ESS 99% efficiency for 50 % of the system load
• VMMS >93% efficiency for 50% of the system load
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Double Conversion backup for 100% of system load
For dual source – no need for down stream static switch
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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ESS & VMMS – How Can I Get It?
• Variable Module Management System is
available
• on Eaton 9395 UPS
• Earlier installations can also be
upgraded with VMMS capability
• Energy Saver System is available on all
Eaton BladeUPS, 9390 and 9395 UPS
•
stand alone single UPS
•
parallel systems
• Also all earlier installations can be upgraded
with the ESS capability
© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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ESS & VMMS Resources
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ESS & VMMS Resources
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Easy Capacity Test
9390 & 9395
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UPS Load Tests
• Load banks are bulky and heavy
• Test arrangements require plenty of work
• Heat can be an issue if CRAC is not ready
• Load bank rentals are expensive
• Testing consumes energy
Why not recycle the power?
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Easy Capacity Test
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The 9395 leverages an enhanced startup and
commissioning offering exclusive to Eaton
field technicians. It can take the place of
some traditional load bank tests to save
customers time and money during startup
and commissioning.
•
This load test ensures validation of
performance of an installed UPS and can
simulate various operations and power
transfers.
No load banks to rent
No load connections needed
No wasted energy
Load test capability saves customers time and money
Eaton Confidential
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Easy Capacity Test
• Energy is fed back to mains through static bypass
• All power paths including bypass tested with load
• Energy consumption is limited to losses
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Easy Capacity Test – Battery Discharge
• Energy is fed to mains instead of a load bank
• Other loads in facility consume the energy
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Easy Capacity Test Resources
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© 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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