Transcript Water, Food and Health Hazards

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
CONCEPTS
Disaster
Disaster occurs due to destruction of
environment, which is caused by extraordinary
natural phenomena or human induced hazards,
resulting in human suffering and hardship
beyond coping and recovery unless an external
aid is introduced. To reduce the disaster
probability, one has to decrease the
vulnerability.
For example :
Earthquake, Cyclone etc.
Hazard
An event which
causes a situation
which can be
dangerous to
people or property
if occurred in the
populated area.
For example:
Volcano,Cyclone,
Earthquake, Flood,
Drought etc.
Vulnerability
(I)
(II)
Condition in the
community, which
leave it open to
suffer from the
effects of a
disaster.
For example:
Houses on the
seacoast in the
cyclone prone
area.
Village situated in
the flood prone
area.
Capacity
Capacities are
those positive
condition or
abilities which
increase a
community’s
ability to deal
with hazards.
Risk
• The probability/
likelihood of a
disaster
happening.
The ingredients of Disaster
Relationship
H*V-C=R
Hazard*Vulnerability-Capacity= Risk
Disaster is the realization of the Risk
“Mitigation"
means measures aimed at
reducing the risk, impact or effects of
a disaster or threatening disaster
situation;
“Preparedness" means the state of
readiness to deal with a threatening
disaster situation or disaster and the
effects thereof;
TYPES OF DISASTER
There are two types of disasters:
A. Natural disaster .
There are three type of Natural disaster:
1.Wind – Cyclone, storm, tidal Waves.
2.Water – Flood, Cloud burst, Cold Wave , Heat Wave, Flash Flood ,
Drought.
3.Earth – Earthquake, landslides, Tsunami.
B. Man- Induced disaster .
1.Accidents- Rail, Road, Air, Sea, Building Collapse Ect
2. Industrial Mishaps- Gas Leak, Explosion ect.
3.Fire- Building, Coal Mines, Oil Fields ect.
4.Forest Fire- Mainly tropical countries
5.Contamination/Poisoning- Food, Water, Illicit Liquors ect.
6. Terrorist Activities
7.Ecological- Pollution (Air, Water , Noise) Sea level rise ect.
8.Social- War, Riots, Hijacking, Civil Unrest
Eartquake Intensity – Magnitude in Richter Scale
Sl No Type
Characteristics of Tremors
Mgt in
Richter
I
Instrumental
Seismographic
Very Low
II
Feeble
Sensitive (people)
3.5
III
Slight
Slight
4.2
IV
Moderate
Walking, Loose objects
4.3
V
Rather Strong
Awakened
4.8
VI
Strong
Trees sway ect
4.9--5.4
VII
Very Strong
Cracks
5.5—6.1
VIII
Destructive
Damage to constructions
6.2
IX
Ruinous
House collapse
6.9
X
Disastrous
Ground Cracks
7.0—7.3
XI
Very Disastrous
Disrupts all services
7.4—8.1
XII
Catastrophic
Total destruction
Above 8.1
Richter Scale 6.2 and above
Richter Scale 6.9 and above
Richter Scale 7.0—7.3
Richter Scale 7.4-8.1
Disaster Risk Management Cycle
Phases of Disaster Management
1.DISASTER RESPONSE:
Activities that take place when a disaster strikes to
reduce loss of life and to deliver relief as quickly
as possible to the affected people.
For example:
1. Search and rescue.
2. Need Assessment.
3. Provide First Aid Services.
4. Emergency food , water , medicines supply.
5. Provision of temporary shelters & other relief
supplies.
6. Restoring family links.
2.RECOVERY(REHABILITATION)
Measures taken after the disaster , to
bring back the condition within the
community to normal or even better than
before.
For example:
I. Social Rehabilitation
ii. Economic Rehabilitation
iii. Psychological Rehabilitation
3.Risk Reduction (Mitigation)
Long term measure taken before a disaster to
lessen its effect on the community.
For example:
a. Strengthening of existing building and
infrastructures
b. Raised earth platform in flood prone areas
c. Taking out insurance polices
d. Plantation of drought resistant crops
e. Build cyclone shelters, reinforcement of river
banks in flood prone areas
f. Public awareness programs
g. Community based health care/health promotion
4.Disaster Preparedness
Measure design to enables a community to cope with
and respond quickly and effectively to any further
disaster. These activities should take before a
disaster.
For example:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Assessment of the VCA of the community through
mapping exercise.
Develop early warning system
Formation of school disaster preparedness and
response committee and plan
First aid, disaster preparedness & response training
programme
Propositioning of essential relief items in strategic
locations for timely response
4.Disaster Preparedness
f.
g.
h.
i.
Increasing community disaster awareness
Improving coordination
Disaster emergency needs assessment checklist
Improving basic training skills.
DRR, Scholl Safety Audit & Crisis Management
DRR: Disaster Risk Reduction is aimed at long term
Preparedness for any disaster, (Strategic Plan)
School Safety Audit: Basically aimed at regular check
and up-gradation of safety measures and state of
preparedness , (A ready reckoner )
Crisis Management: Is process meant and designed to
combat and respond during an emergency situation,
(on site operation)