Transcript United Nations Development Programme Disaster Management

Gender Mainstreaming
in Disaster Risk Reduction
Prepared by
Maureen Fordham
Disaster and Development Centre
Northumbria University
[email protected]
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Note to Users:
These training materials have been initially developed for the UNDP Training of
Trainers in Sri Lanka from from 3-7 December 2007. Please modify these slides
according to your needs and ensure that proper citation is included.
For more training materials on gender mainstreaming in DRR, please visit:
www.gdnonline.org
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Development and relief
 “Human development, if not engendered,
is endangered.”
 UNDP Human Development Report (1995):
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Pressure and Release (PAR) model
National &
International
Political
Economy
Power
relations
Demographics
Conflicts &
War
Environmental
Trends
Debt Crises
Hazard
Social
Structures
& Power
Systems
Class
Gender
Vulnerability
component
Livelihood &
its resilience
Base-line
status
Well-being
Selfprotection
Ethnicity
Other power
relationships
Social
Protection
Governance
D
I
S
A
S
T
E
R
Flood
Cyclone
Earthquake
Tsunami
Volcanic
eruption
Drought
Landslide
Biological
Etc
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Governance
Baseline status
All other
households
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Livelihood
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Hyogo Framework for Action
Madhavi Malalgoda Ariyabandu
UN//ISDR secretariat
[email protected]
www.unisdr.org
Global Risk Trends - Disasters are NOT natural
Natural and human-induced hazards
Climate change and variables
HAZARDS +
EXTREME EVENTS
Socio-economic: poverty,
unplanned urban growth, lack of
awareness and institutional capacities...
Physical: insufficient land use planning,
housing, infrastructures located in hazard
prone areas...
VULNERABILITY
Environmental degradation
ecosystem degradation; coastal,
watershed, marshland
Anatomy of “natural” disasters
Natural hazard
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= Disaster Risk
XGender Mainstreaming
Vulnerability
in Disaster Risk Reduction
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Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (HFA)
Main Outcome of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction January
2005, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience
of Nations and Communities to Disasters – Recognized global guide to
facilitate effective implementation of DRR at int’l, regional, national and local
levels next 10 years

3 Strategic goals

5 Priorities for action

Implementation and follow-up
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The HFA in Brief
Expected Outcome: The substantive reduction in losses in lives
and in the social, economic and environmental assets of
communities and countries.
Political commitment of 168 Governments to implement HFA,
allocate necessary resources and set up the appropriate institutional
and legislative frameworks to facilitate its implementation
Political commitment to engage action and necessary reforms
important – but DRR is everybody’s business
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The HFA in Brief
 Strategic Goals to attain the expected outcome
a) A more effective integration of disaster risk into sustainable
development policies, planning and programming at all levels with
emphasis on prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and vulnerability
reduction.
 b) The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms
and capacities at all levels, including community level, to build
resilience to hazards.
 c) The systematic incorporation of risk reduction measures into
the design and implementation of emergency preparedness,
response and recovery programmes in the reconstruction of affected
communities.
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Priority 1
5 Priority Actions adopted at WCDR by member countries to guide the implementation of HFA and
translate political commitment into action
Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis
for implementation.
1.1 Foster political commitment to integrate DRR into national development planning
1.2 Evaluate existing legal and institutional mechanisms and policies and strengthen clear distribution of
tasks and allocation of responsibilities.
1.3 Engage in dialogue with all relevant national actors in disaster risk management to set up a
multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder national coordination mechanism for DRR.
1.4 Establish a national risk management vision, strategy and implementation plan, including benchmarks
and allocate necessary resources.
1.5 Institutionalize DRR and establish mainstreaming mechanisms.
Priority 2
Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.
2.1 Elaboration of risk mapping and hazard monitoring system
2.2 Collect, review and synthesize existing knowledge, including sound practices and lessons learned;
publish and disseminate.
2.3 Build the national knowledge base on risk and disaster risk management.
2.4 Establish a hazard monitoring program including effective, timely and reliable people-centered early
warning and alert systems at the national and local levels.
2.5 Promote scientific and technological research and development, including space technology
applications for DRR
2.6 Identify emerging risks (climate variability and regional threats like tsunamis)
Priority 3
Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and
resilience at all level.
3.1 Develop a public awareness system, including world campaigns
3.2 Incorporate disaster risk and disaster risk reduction/management into school curricular
and non formal education programs at all levels
3.3 Promote school safety programmes
3.4 Establish strategies to involve the media community in risk assessment and risk
communication – educational and warning dissemination roles to play
3.5 Enhance access to information and understanding of risk and risk management and
facilitate exchange of experiences amongst countries
3.6 Promote enhanced knowledge management and capacity-building through training
exercises and fellowship programmes
Priority 4
Reduce the underlying risk factors.
4.1 Establish DRR mechanisms related to land use planning and construction standards.
4.2 Establish mechanisms for protecting the poor and the more vulnerable. Promote the
integration of DRR into PRSPs
4.3 Establish financial risk transfer mechanisms – enhance micro credit
4.4 Establish programs for vulnerability reduction of critical facilities and infrastructure
(disaster resilient school and health-related infrastructures).
Priority 5
Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.
5.1 Assess disaster response and recovery capability.
5.2 Develop evacuation plans, undertake drills .
5.3 Develop and test mechanisms for organizing and coordinating emergency operations.
5.4 Mainstream DRR into contingency planning
5.5 Dialogue, coordination and information exchange between disaster managers and
development sectors
Gender and the HFA
 “Gender is a core factor in disaster risk and in the implementation
of disaster risk reduction. Gender is a central organizing principle
in all societies, and therefore women and men are differently at
risk from disasters. In all settings - at home, at work or in the
neighbourhood - gender shapes the capacities and resources of
individuals to minimize harm, adapt to hazards and respond to
disasters. It is evident from past disasters that low-income women
and those who are marginalized due to marital status, physical
ability, age, social stigma or caste are especially disadvantaged.
At the grass roots level, on the other hand, women are often well
positioned to manage risk due to their roles as both users and
managers of environmental resources, as economic providers,
and as caregivers and community workers. For these reasons it is
necessary to identify and use gender-differentiated information, to
ensure that risk reduction strategies are correctly targeted at the
most vulnerable groups and are effectively implemented through
the roles of both women and men.” HFA Page 5
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Gender in the HFA
The Guide to the implementation of the HFA
states that:
 Gender is a cross-cutting concern requiring
attention throughout the planning,
implementation and evaluation phases of the
activities adopted to implement the Hyogo
Framework for Action.
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 The need for sex-differentiated data is
stressed as is the need to analyse the gender
division of labour and power relationships
between the sexes as these may impinge on
the success or failure of all risk reduction
strategies.
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 As gender is a central organising principle in all
societies, the daily routines of women and men
across and within societies put women and men,
girls and boys, differently at risk.
 It must be recognised, that gender also shapes the
capacities and resources of women and men to
minimise harm, adapt to hazards and respond to
disasters when they must.
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 At the individual, household, neighbourhood
and community level, women and men are
differently affected by hazards and disasters
and often involved in different ways in local or
governmental initiatives to reduce the risk of
disaster.
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 At the grassroots level, women’s organisation
to manage risk is especially significant due to
women’s roles as users and managers of
environmental resources and economic
providers as well as caregivers and
community workers. Gender is also an
important dimension of the workplace
environments in which disaster risk reduction
activities are undertaken.
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General considerations
 A gender perspective should be integrated
into all disaster risk management policies,
plans and decision-making processes,
including those related to risk assessment,
early warning, information management, and
education and training (as reaffirmed at the
twenty-third special session of the General
Assembly on the topic “Women 2000: gender
equality, development and peace for the
twenty-first century”).
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 “What I have learned today is…”
 “What I am still unsure about is…”
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