Transcript Swiss Cadastral System

• Day:
• Session:
• Speaker:
Wednesday 9th November
13.30 - 15.45
Daniel Steudler
• Topic:
Switzerland LAS
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
1
Bundesamt für Landestopographie
Office fédéral de topographie
Ufficio federale di topografia
Uffizi federal da topografia
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
Dr. Daniel Steudler
Swiss Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying
Table of Content
• Country description
• Positive aspects of country experience
• Negative aspects of country experience
• Building in the cadastre
• EU influence
• Three key improvements in the next decade
• Critique of the integrated model in context of Switzerland
with a view to improving the LAS
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
3
SWITZERLAND
7.3 million people
41'290 km2
4.0 million parcels
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
4
26 Cantons …
Cantons maintain
political and
administrative
bodies on their
own
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
5
… and 2903 Municipalities
Cantons are
further divided
into municipalities
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
6
Organisations involved in cadastral system
Land Registration
Cadastral Surveying
Government
Dept. for Defence, Civil
Protection and Sports
Federal
Level
Licensing Commission for
Cadastral Surveying
Cantonal
Level
Community
Level
Federal Parliament
7 Federal Departments
Department of
Justice- and Police
Federal Office of Topography
(swisstopo)
COSIG
Directorate of
Cad. Surveying
26 Cantonal
Governments
21 Cantonal
Surveying
Offices
~15 City & Municipal
Surveying Offices
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
~270 Private Licensed
Land Surveying Offices
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
7
Federal Office for Justice
Office for Land
Registry and Real
Estate Law
26 Cantonal
Parliaments
~350 Cantonal and
Regional Land
Registry Offices
Private
Notary Offices
Organisation of cadastral surveying
Level
Organisation
Confederation
Tasks
Federal Directorate
of Cadastral
Surveying
Supervision,
strategic management
~15 employees
Agreements
Canton
Cantonal Surveying
Offices
Operational
management
~300 employees
Contracts
Private Land Surveying Offices
City Surveying Offices
Municipality
Execution
~3000 employees
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
8
Office heads at all levels: have to hold the
federal license for cadastral land surveyor
Legal basis and objectives
Swiss Civil Code, 1912
Objectives of the legislator:
• Security of ownership, efficient land market,
and mortgaging of real estates
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
9
Swiss civil code (in force since 1.1.1912)
Art. 942
1 All rights on real estates have to be registered in the land registry.
2 The land registry consists of the main book with its
associated maps, the auxiliary registers (in particular the list of
property owners), the deeds (records and evidences), the
description of properties, and the day book.
Art. 950
1 Registration and description of the properties in the land register
have to be done on the basis of a map, which as a rule, has to
be the result of an official cadastral survey.
2 The Federal Council decides on which principles these maps
have to be based upon.
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
10
Swiss cadastral system
Cadastral Surveying
Land Register
•main book
•auxiliary registers (in
particular the list of
property owners)
•deeds (records and
evidences)
•description of
properties
•day book
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
11
Legal act 1993, adding a new and extended purpose
Ordnance for Official Surveying (VAV, 1.1.1993)
Art. 1: Definition and Objective
1
In terms of the Civil Law, cadastral surveying is
considered to be surveying – approved by the
Confederation – for the purpose of operating the
land registry.
2
The data of cadastral surveying shall serve as
basis for the establishment and the operation of
land information systems and shall be suited for
public and private purposes.
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
12
Basic principles of the cadastral system
• Partnership Confederation - Canton
(- Communities)
• Public Private Partnership (PPP)
• Decentralized structure
• Free market, tendering
• Costs are borne mainly by Confederation
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
13
Conceptual elements of AV93
- Clear definition of the
product
- Freedom of methods and systems
(as basis for tendering)
- Independent information layers
(link between layers only trough
geographic location)
- Standardized way of description
and transfer of data (INTERLIS)
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
14
ili
itf
Technical Elements
Standardized data modelling and cadastral data
definition (introduced in 1993)
Name
OPTIONAL Table
with table name
OwnershipMaintenance
NumPos
Identifier
OPTIONAL attribute name
Attribute that is unique within the
table of one topic (exceptionally
together with another attribute)
Origin ->
Attribute that relates with another
table (relational attribute)
Identifier
Description
Perimeter
Validity
Date1
Date2
Date3
1
LimitPoint
1
mc
OSKey ->
Identifier
Geometry
PositionPrecision
PositionReliability
PointSymbol
Origin
SymbolOrientation
1
Control points
Land cover
Local names
TOPIC Control_Points =
.........
END Control_Points;
TOPIC Land_Cover =
.........
END Land_Cover;
mc
mc
OSKey ->
Number
Geometry
Origin
Single objects
Heights
Ownership
PROJOwnership
TRANSFER Data_Catalogue;
MODEL Basic_Data_Set
DOMAIN
LKoord = COORD2 480000.000
70000.000
840000.000 300000.000;
HKoord = COORD3 480000.000
70000.000
0.000
840000.000 300000.000
5000.000;
Height = DIM1 0.000 5000.000;
Precision = [0 .. 300];
Reliability = (yes, no);
LetterOrientation = GRADS 0.0 400.0;
Status = (planned, valid);
OSKey ->
Number
Validity
Origin
Class
1
PROJOwnershipPosition
Object ->
NumberPosition
NumberOrientation
NumberHorizontalAlignment
NumberVerticalAlignment
1
Parcel
m
1
DistinctRight
c
Object ->
Geometry
Surface
1
c
Object ->
Geometry
Surface
OwnershipPosition
m
Object ->
NumberPosition
NumberOrientation
NumberHorizontalAlignment
NumberVerticalAlignment
Ownership
Pipelines >5bar
Administrative subdivisions
8 Information Layers
Data Model (UML)
(Possibility to realise the layers
separately)
(Entity-Relationship-Diagram)
TOPIC Ownership =
DOMAIN
Monumentation = (border_stone, plastic_peg, cross,
not_monumented);
OwnershipType = (parcel, distinct_right,
construction_right, water_source_
right);
TABLE LimitPoint =
OSKey: OPTIONAL -> OwnershipMaintenance;
Identifier: OPTIONAL TEXT*12;
Geometry: LKoord;
PositionPrecision: Precision;
PositionReliability: Reliability;
Origin: OPTIONAL TEXT*30;
SymbolOrientation: OPTIONAL LetterOrientation;
!! Default: 0.0
IDENT
Geometry;
END LimitPoint;
END Ownership.
END Basic_Data_Set.
Data Description Language
INTERLIS
(system independent)
With this method
ofMelbourne,
data modelling,
the use and exchange of AV93 data is
EGM,
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9-11 Nov. 2005
independent from
the used GIS or software system.
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
16
Possible future structure for LIS
Legal topic
spatial data
textual data
Stakeholders
(data owners)
Water protection
Local government
Noise protection
Local government
Environmental
protection
Environmental department
Land use planning
Planning department
Indigenous land rights
Tribe, clan
Collective land rights
Corporations
Land ownership,
cadastre
National government
State government
Local government
Two preconditions:
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
EGM, Melbourne,
System and Review of LAS Model
9-11 Nov. 2005
common geodetic reference framework
17common data modelling concept
Drilling the topics from different stakeholders
Property parcel #: 1234
Building #: A445
Building permit: lease
Easement: parcel 1235
Land-use zone: residential 2-floors
Property parcel #: 1234
Building #: A445
Building permit: lease
Easement: parcel 1235
Land-use zone: residential 2-floors
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
18
Trend of increasing purpose and content of
cadastral system
public law
LIS / GIS
private law
1912
Introduction
of Civil Code
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
1993
Digital Standard
AV93
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
19
2005
New constitutional article
about land
information
2008
Full
coverage
20xx
Profession
• all surveyors active in cadastral surveying are required to have
the licence
– 4 ½ years of academic education at ETH
– 2 years of practical work
– practical exams for Federal licence (responsibility of Federal
Directorate of Cadastral Surveying)
• professional associations ("Geosuisse" and "IngenieurGeometer Schweiz IGS")
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
20
Role of Private Sector (1/2)
Main Tasks of Private Land Surveyors:
Cadastral
Surveying
• contracts with communities/cantons for the
maintenance and updating of cadastral
surveying data (acting agents for authorities)
• carrying out of projects for acquisition of AV93
data and renovation of old existing cadastral
surveys
LIS
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
• service to clients (public bodies of all levels,
facilities companies, etc.)
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
21
Role of Private Sector (2/2)
Two Partners:
Public Sector
Private Sector
• legislation (Federal and
cantonal level)
• production
• financing structure
• service to clients
• setting standards
• innovation
• maintenance
• supervision
• co-ordination
• verification
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
22
Positive aspects of country experience
• Standardized data modelling approach right from
beginning (1993)
• Independence of information layers allows much lighter
data model, independent data ownership, acquisition and
maintenance
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
23
Negative aspects of country experience
• Rather slow transition to fully digital data, coverage not
satisfying (decentralized organization and funding)
• Horizontal cooperation between federal agencies not
always positive (lack of leadership ?)
• Decentralized organization with 26 Cantons is not always
efficient (although it ensures the link to the local
government level)
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
24
Buildings in cadastre
• Today: buildings are traditionally part of cadastral
surveying (as one element in land cover layer)
• Tomorrow: working group is studying 3D aspects (with a
focus mainly on viewing, rather than registration of 3D
objects)
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
25
EU influences
• Strong cooperation within Europe (D-A-CH, CLGE, GE,
FIG, Eurogi, …)
• Increasingly involved in activities of EuroGeographics (in
newly established "Expert Group on Cadastre and Land
Registry" with 3 working groups)
• INSPIRE
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
26
Three key improvements in the next decade
• NGDI established and operational
– supplied with all relevant data, above all cadastral data
– complete coverage of cadastral surveying data
– data sharing is taking place on large scale
• Strong focus on users and customers (key is: data,
information, services  homogenization of data and fee
structure)
• Overcome the drawbacks of Federalism, while retaining
the benefits
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
27
Review of Swiss LAS with proposed model
Although broadband penetration
is very high, e-citizenship is not
well established (not much of
information available or when
available, awkward to find and
access)
Is achieved, cadastre may soon
be improved by accommodating
public-right restrictions and
responsibilities.
Sustainable
Development
Economic, Social, Environment
e-Citizenship
Land
Policy
e-Government
Land Administration
Functions
Land Tenure, Land Value,
Land-Use, Land Development
Framework
Seems to be in place, but
neither politicians nor citizens
are aware of its comprehensive
character
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
Federalism seems to be a
hindrance for the development of
e-government structures (first tests
of e-voting / tax form on web /
infrastructure for digital signatures
not established)
Land
Information
Infrastructures
Country
The singleContext
LA functions are well
established,
and data are being
Institutional
Arrangements
shared. However, crossadministration cooperation could
be improved.
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
28
Very much in place on cantonal
level, but not aggregated yet at
national, federal level.
Review of LAS model from a Swiss perspective
Sustainable
Development
Economic, Social, Environment
e-Citizenship
Land
Policy
e-Government
Land Administration
Functions
Land Tenure, Land Value,
Land-Use, Land Development
Framework
Infrastructures
Country Context
Institutional Arrangements
•Education, academic sector
•Regular review process of
strategy and concept
Analysis of Swiss Cadastral
System and Review of LAS Model
Land
Information
EGM, Melbourne,
9-11 Nov. 2005
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