Transcript Document

A Clone Is Born
Unit 8
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Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
Contents
1
Listening, Watching,Thinking & Speaking
2
Intensive Reading
3
Reading skill
4
Writing skill & practice
5
Translation techniques & practice
6
Learning in Fun
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7
Supplementary Exercises
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Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
Listening Watching Thinking & Speaking
CNN News
Audio
Thingking
&
Speaking
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Cloning Humans
• Listening to the recording carefully and try to retell
the topic as much as possible. Then have the
discussion with your classmates on the followings：
• How did people react to cloning when Dolly, the first
clone, came into being?
• How should we exploit the cloning method to the
human advantage?
• From a medical standpoint, what are the positive and
negative effects of human cloning?
• From a social and moral standpoint, what are the
positive and negative effects of human cloning?
• What is your opinion on the issue?
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New Word
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
New Words
Lexington 列克星敦
Kentucky n. 肯塔基州
reproduction n.繁殖, 再现, 复制品
Fertilization n. 施肥, 授精
genetic adj.遗传的, 起源的
Uterus n. [解] 子宫
biological adj.生物学的
pregnant adj.怀孕的, 重要的,
有意义的, 孕育的
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Intensive Reading
Background
Imformation
Text
Analysis
Words
&
Expressions
Language
Focus
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Practice in : match work;Appreciation & Extension
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
Cultural Notes
1.clone: a group of organisms or cells that are genetically identical, having
been produced from one parent by asexual（ 无性的）reproduction. The
individual organisms or cells are precise copies of the parent and genetically
identical to it. Clones are found naturally among single -celled organisms
(such as bacteria ),a few invertebrates（无脊椎动物） (such as corals 珊
瑚),and some asexually reproducing plants (as in the production of runners
（蔓） by a strawberry plant ).In agriculture, plant cloning can be used to
advantage, in that individuals with desirable properties, such as pestresistance high growth rates, can be replicated （复制）exactly without the
unpredictable results associated with sexual reproduction. Artificial cloning of
animals and cells can be achieved by teasing（梳理） apart the cells of the
early embryo. Similarly, cells capable of growing into mature plants can be
obtained from plant growth-regions (meristems). In genetic engineering
cloning refers to the copying of DNA molecules.
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2. genetic engineering: the deliberate modification of the
genetic make-up (genome)of an organism by manipulation of
its DNA. Genetic engineering techniques include cell fusion
and the use of recombinant DNA (rDNA). Since the late 1960s
these techniques have held out （给予，支持）the most
exciting promise for biotechnology.
In such a new field controversy inevitably abounds. Worries
concerning release of genetically novel bacteria into the
environment ,or the possible manipulation of human embryos,
have led to the setting up in the US A of Genetic Manipulation
Advisory Group (GMAG). Legislation governing genetic
research has also been passed in several other countries.
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Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
3. Narcissus (in Greek mythology) :a beautiful
youth who spurned the love of the nymph Echo
and in punishment was made to fall in love with
his own reflection; he pined away gazing at
himself in a pool and at his death was changed
into the flower bearing his name narcissus.
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4. Prometheus:
in Greek mythology, a Titan who made the
man from clay and stole fire from the gods to give to
mankind. In revenge for the theft, Zeus chained Prometheus
to a rock, where his liver was eaten every day by an eagle,
only to grow again every night. Hercules eventually rescued
him. Prometheus has been seen as a symbol of freedom,
rebellion against tyranny, and of creative imagination.
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Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
6. Hiroshimsa: Japanese city in southern Homshu. Hitherto
largely undamaged by the US bombing campaign, Hiroshima
became the target of the first atomic bomb attack on 6 August
1945,which resulted in the virtual obliteration of the city centre
and the deaths of about the population of 300,000The attack
on Hiroshima, together with that on Nagasaki three days later,
helped bring about Japan’s unconditional surrender and the
end of world war ll.
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7. Nagasaki: Japanese city in Kyushu.On9August 1945,three
days after the first atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima,
Nagasaki became the next target. The hilly terrain protected
the population of 230.00 from the full effects of explosion, but
40,000 people were killed and tremendous destruction
caused. On the following day Japan offered to surrender and
the ceasefire began on 15August ,the official surrender being
signed on 2September.
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Text Organization:
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras1-2
Dolly the sheep, a clone, was born.
Part Two
Paras3-6
Dolly’s birth has made cloning a reality
and human cloning a possibility.
Part Three
Paras7-11
People have to face the ethical
problems of human cloning.
Part Four
Paras12-16 Cloning technology could benefit people
in more than one way.
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Text analysis
This text has some features in common with
Text A, Unit7:an eye-catching introduction and
objectivity.
The text starts with the birth of Dolly, because it
is critical point in cloning research. Reader
interest is further aroused by the low-key tone.
Why no excitement, why no champagne, why
were
few people around ? Readers are then ready
to be told an objective account about human
cloning.
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Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
The “father” of Dolly is level-headed about his
achievement, so is the author. She quotes Wilmut and
Oppenheimer to show how science can be a doubleedged sword. Before listing the many benefits of human
cloning in Part IV. she first identifies the ethical problems
involved in Part III In her article she asks many
questions, to which she gives no answer .If she said
shat there were definite answers, she would not be
objective.
However, compared with Text A,Unit7,the word choice
is more elaborate; sentences and paragraphs grow BACK
longer and more complex. After all, this is about science
and ethics!
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
Words and Expressions
1. clone: any of a group of plants or animals produced from the
cells of a single ancestor and therefore exactly the same as it is
Examples: Although two clones are identical genetically, they may
develop in different ways.
v.
Examples: The idea of cloning extinct life forms still belongs to
science fiction.
Experiments to try to clone human embryos have met with hostility
from some sections of the public.
2.fuse: (cause to) join together (followed by with)
Examples: Genes determine how we develop from the moment
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the sperm fuses with the egg.
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
3. identical: exactly alike or equal; the very same (followed by
to)
Examples: The journalist David Rorvik wrote a true story of a
billionaire’ s quest to produce a son identical to himself.
Although Euro bills are identical in all countries, each country
can issue its own coins.
4.oppose: express strong disapproval with the aim of preventing
or changing a course of action; resist
Examples: The local residents strongly opposed the chemical
companies dumping their waste in the sea.
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Be opposed to: be against
Examples: We are utterly opposed to any form of terrorism.
They are strongly opposed to the presence of American troops
in this region.
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
5.compromise: a settlement in which each side
gives up some demands
Examples: In order to reduce carbon monoxide
emissions from motor vehicles but at the same time
develop the industry, a compromise was reached.
The two countries continued to have difficulties
reaching a compromise on a solution to the problem
of acid rain.
v. (used in the patterns: compromise with sb. over
sth., compromise on sth)
Examples: The government has compromised with
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its critics over monetary policies.
Israel had originally wanted $1 billion in aid, but
compromised on the $650 million.
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
6. potential: the possibility of sth . happening or being developed
Examples: The potential for abuse of genetic engineering has
presented society with many ethical and legal controversies.
The best single indicator of a state’s great-power potential may be
its total Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Volcanoes have the potential to create some of the planet ’s most
formidable（可怕的） natural disasters.
a. that can but has not yet, come into being; possible
Examples: In large cities with a million or more potential
customers, there are much larger clothing stores with many more
choices of items and styles.
Scientists can only speculate（投机，推测） on the potential
impact of the depletion（减少，枯竭） of the ozone layer. BACK
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
7.inherit: 1) have features or qualities from an
ancestor
Examples: Although all humans share the same set
of genes, individuals can inherit different forms of a
given gene, making each person genetically unique.
Deficiencies in immune function may be either
inherited or acquire.
While people biologically inherit many physical traits
and behavioral instincts, culture is socially inherited.
2) receive (money, property, etc. of an ancestor )
Examples: He has no son to inherit his land.
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Mary inherited the money from her parents.
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
8.transplant: 1) remove tissue or an organ from one
person or animal and put it into another
Examples: The operation to transplant a kidney（肾
脏） is now fairly routine.
2) remove a growing plant with its roots and plant it
elsewhere
Examples: Tea was transplanted from China to India
and Sri Lanka.
n. transplant (ation)
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Examples: Cloning may generate genetically
modified animal organs that are suitable for
transplantation into humans.
Advances in organ transplantation brought new hope
to those afflicted(使受折磨） with diseased organs.
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
9.immune: 1) protected against through the body’s natural
resistance (followed by to)
Examples: A healthy immune system protects the body
against bacteria, viruses, and other harmful agents（作用者）.
It seemed for a while that infants were immune to Aids.
2) not affected by sth. (followed by to)
Example: Football is not immune to economic recession.
10.merge: (cause to) combine
Examples: In the great melting pot like New York City cultures
are merged and traditions lost.
In the story he merged his mind with the robot’s and shared its
thoughts.
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The two colleges will be merged to form a university.
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
Language Points
Para.1
And yet…was born: 其中Ian Wilmut, a quiet, balding fifty-twoyear-old embryologist 是her creator 的同位语。where he was是
动词remember 的宾语。when he heard that the lamb, named
Dolly, was born 是一个状语从句。
He does not ever recall….and weighed 6.6 kilograms.
此句的主干是He does not even recall getting a telephone call
from John Bracken; a scientist 是John Bracken 的同位语;
saying that…6.6 kilograms 是现在分词作定语修饰telephone.
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give birth to 生（孩子）；产生
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Para.5
It had been raised….happen anytime soon. 句中It 是形式主语，
真正的主语是something that serious…anytime soon.
Nor is it science fiction to think….and remove others.句中it 是
形式主语，真正的主语由不定式to think that your…充当。句中
的Nor is it是倒装。
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Para.6
True, it was a sheep that was cloned,….he has used to clone
Dolly.
True…But…诚然…但是…
eg. 诚然，人人都不完美，但也没有理由去犯一些本可以避免的
错误。
True, nobody is perfect, but there is no reason to commit
avoidable mistakes.
There was….why…to clone Dolly: why 引导定语从句，using the
same methods是动名词短语作方式状语。
Para.7
Cloning, with its possibilities…sought the powers of God.
With its…own identical twins是介词短语作状语。
fascinate vt. 使着迷。be fascinated by 对…着迷
日落时变化多端的色彩使人看得入迷。
The changing vivid colors of the sunset fascinated the eye.
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Para.8
Yet if we so love ourselves,….younger than we?
句中reflected in our children 是过去分词短语作定语修
ourselves。主句中it 是形式主语，真正主语由不定式to think of
seeing… born again 充当。born again 过去分词短语作定语修
饰 replicas, identical twins …than we? 是replicas 的同位语。
Is it one thing for nature …. but better?
句子主干是Is it one thing…., and (is it) another (thing) to…, 意
思是：…是一回事，…..又是一回事。两个it 都是形式主语，真
正主语是气候的不定式复合结构for sb. to do sth. 。
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abandoning all…better 是现在分词短语作take complete
control 的状语，其中having a child …better是 think of 的宾语。
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What if 假设；如果…将会怎样 ,万一….怎么办？这是What do
you/I/we do if….(what will/would be the result of ….) 的口语化
句子。
eg.如果人口继续增长，以后我们该去哪里居住？
What if population is increasing, where shall we live in the
future?
如果出了问题怎么办？
What if something goes wrong?
Para.9
bring us face-to-face with让我们面对….
Would rather (not) do…宁可做（不做）… would rather die
than surrender 宁死不屈
eg.我们被困在这个两难的境地，宁可放弃也不愿再坚持。
It brings us face-to-face with this dilemma, and we would
rather give up than insist.
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Para.10
The time is long past when ….., wondering what science had
let loose.
If any needed… science had let loose: the genius 及其后的成
分都作J. Robert Oppenheimer的同位语。两个who was….结构
都是修饰genius 的定语从句。第二个定语从句的主干是：
who was transformed in the process from a supremely
confident man to a humbled and troubled soul。ready to
follow….curiosity和wondering….loose 是定语成分，分别修饰a
supremely confident 和a humbled and troubled soul.
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let loose: set free; release
eg. 在旅行的过程中，我们排解了心中的惆怅之情。
In the process of traveling, we let loose the melancholy of our
heart.
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
Para.12
as with 正如，与….一样
eg. 如同诗歌的风格一样，她写下了这次旅行的感悟。
As with the style of the poem, she wrote down the taste of
this traveling.
If not, it will lash out at you and kill you. If not 此处是个承前
省略句。
Para.13
The egg would…..a few times.此句是虚拟语气，谓语动词用
过去时。
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Match work:
primitive
residence
theoretical
offensive
potential
brilliant
tolerate
curiosity
comment
conceive
genius
identical
immune
merge
terrify
glorious; splendid
probable
elementary
hatch
remark
Inquisitiveness; interest
annoying
habitation
endure
academic; hypothetical
frighten
resistant
similar; alike
talent
fuse; blend
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Phrase Translation
引人注目
有史以来
邪恶的隐患
审视自己的心灵
基因的任意组合
直接面对
谦恭困惑的人
发表演说
免疫系统
完美相配
stand out
since the down of recorded time
potential for evil
examine one’s own soul
a genetic lottery
face-to-face with
a humbled and troubled soul
deliver a speech
the immune system
a perfect match
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Appreciation & Extension of the Highlights
When the time comes to write the history of our age, this quiet
birth, the creation of this little lamb, will stand out.
Now it is not fantasy to think that someday, perhaps decades
from now, but someday, you could clone yourself and make tens,
dozens, hundreds of genetically identical twins.
There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.
And how much potential for evil can we tolerate to obtain
something that might be good?
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Extension of the Highlights
Select from the highlights for extension:
Highlights:
When the time comes to write the history of our age, this quiet
birth, the creation of this little lamb, will stand out.
Extension:
When the time comes to recall the old days, the unforgettable
honeymoon will stand out.
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Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
Highlights & Extension
Highlight:
Now it is not fantasy to think that someday, perhaps
decades from now, but someday, you could clone yourself
and make tens, dozens, hundreds of genetically identical
twins.
Extension:
Now it is not fantasy to think that someday, perhaps
thousands years from now, but someday, human being could
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live on the Mars.
Copyright© 2007 Foreign Language Department of CUEB
Highlights & Extension
Highlight:
There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t do it.
Extension:
There is no reason in principle why you couldn’t apply for the
job.
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