Transcript Stockholm Convention: Regional Consultation on the Draft

Draft BAT/BEP Guidelines:
Context and Development
David Ogden
Executive Coordinator
Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention
Stockholm Convention:
Regional Consultation on Draft BAT/BEP Guidelines
Buenos Aires, Argentina
14-16 March 2005
Article 5:
Unintentionally Produced POPs


Goal is the continuing minimization and,
where feasible, ultimate elimination of total
releases of chemicals in Annex C derived from
anthropogenic sources (dioxins, furans, HCB,
PCBs)
Parties must:
• develop action plans within 2 years of entry into force,
and implement their plans
• promote application of available, feasible and practical
measures to achieve realistic and meaningful levels of
release reduction or source elimination
• promote development and, where appropriate, require
use of substitute or modified materials, products and
processes to prevent formation and release of POPs
Unintentionally Produced POPs

For sources with the potential for
comparatively high formation & release of
POPs to the environment (including but not
limited to the industrial source categories
listed in Annex C Part II), Parties must:
• for new sources:



promote and, as provided for in an action plan, require
use of best available techniques (BAT),
phase in any BAT requirements as soon as practicable
but no later than 4 years after Convention enters into
force, and
promote use of best environmental practices (BEP)
• for existing sources, in accordance with its action
plan, promote the use of BAT & BEP
Article 5: Unintentionally Produced POPs:
Annex C Part II Sources
(a)
Waste incinerators, including co-incinerators of
municipal, hazardous or medical waste or of sewage
sludge;
(b)
Cement kilns firing hazardous waste;
(c)
Production of pulp using elemental chlorine or chemicals
generating elemental chlorine for bleaching;
(d)
The following thermal processes in the metallurgical
industry:
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
(iii)
Secondary copper production;
Sinter plants in the iron and steel industry;
Secondary aluminium production;
Secondary zinc production
Article 5: Unintentionally Produced POPs:
Annex C Part III
Parties must promote use of BAT & BEP for new
and existing sources:


Open burning of waste, including burning of landfill sites;
Thermal processes in the metallurgical industry not mentioned
in Part II;

Residential combustion sources;

Fossil fuel-fired utility and industrial boilers;

Firing installations for wood and other biomass fuels;


Specific chemical production processes releasing
unintentionally formed persistent organic pollutants, especially
production of chlorophenols and chloranil;
Crematoria;
Article 5: Unintentionally Produced POPs:
Annex C Part III (continued)
•
Motor vehicles, particularly those burning
leaded gasoline;
•
Destruction of animal carcasses;
•
Textile and leather dyeing (with chloranil)
and finishing (with alkaline extraction);
•
Shredder plants for the treatment of end of
life vehicles;
•
Smouldering of copper cables;
•
Waste oil refineries.
Best Available Techniques (BAT)

"Best available techniques" means the most
effective and advanced stage in the development
of activities and their methods of operation which
indicate the practical suitability of particular
techniques for providing in principle the basis for
release limitations designed to prevent and,
where that is not practicable, generally to reduce
releases of chemicals listed in Part I of Annex C
and their impact on the environment as a whole…
Best Environmental Practices
(BEP)

"Best environmental practices" means
the application of the most appropriate
combination of environmental control
measures and strategies.
Article 5: Unintentionally Produced POPs

When applying best available techniques and
best environmental practices for the above,
Parties should take into consideration:
• the general guidance on prevention and release reduction
measures in Annex C and
• guidelines on best available techniques and best
environmental practices to be adopted by decision of the
Conference of the Parties (see subparagraphs (d) and (e)
of Article 5).
Expert Group on BAT/BEP

Mandate and terms of reference established
at INC6 (2003):
•
•
•
•

Manageable size
Members to represent their regions
Operate by consensus
3 meetings authorized
Experts selected by countries, countries
selected by regional groups:
• 18 from developing countries (5 Africa, 5 Asia, 5
GRULAC) and economies in transition (3)
• 18 from developed countries (WEOG)
• 4 from e-NGOs
• 4 from i-NGOs
• 2 from IGOs
EGB Members



GRULAC: Argentina, Juan Carlos
Colombo; Chile, Sergio Vives;
Dominican Republic, Indhira de Jesus
Salcado; Mexico, Cristina Cortinas de
Nava; and Venezuela, Maria de los
Angeles Alvarez
Africa: Algeria; Gabon, Kenya,
Nigeria and Zambia
Asia/Pacific: Fiji; Iran (Islamic Rep.
of); Mongolia, Saudi Arabia; and
Singapore
EBG members (continued)

Western Europe and others:
Australia; Austria; Canada;
Denmark; Finland; France; Germany
(2); Iceland; Italy; Japan; New
Zealand; Republic of Korea; Sweden;
Switzerland; Turkey; United
Kingdom; United States of America
EGB observers



IGOs: UNIDO and UNEP
Environmental NGOs: Greenpeace
International; International POPs
Elimination Network (2); and WorldWide Fund for Nature
Industry NGOs: International Council
of Chemical Associations;
International Council of Mining and
Metals; The European Cement
Association; and World Chlorine
Council
Expert Group on BAT/BEP

Meetings:
• 10-14 March, 2003
(RTP, USA)
• 8-12 December, 2003
(Villarrica, Chile)
• 11-16 October, 2004
(Tokyo, Japan)
Expert Group on BAT/BEP
Additional material available to the
Group included:

Proceedings of regional workshop on BAT/BEP held
in Bangkok, Thailand (13-15 March, 2002)

Proceedings of regional workshop on BAT/BEP held
in Buenos Aires, Argentina (23-25 October, 2002)
Expert Group on BAT/BEP
The final meeting in Tokyo:

endorsed and reached consensus to forward the draft
guidelines and guidance to the Conference of the Parties for
consideration and possible adoption BUT
• “…noted that while best available techniques and best
environmental practices for many of the specific source
categories were complete and very well advanced, others
needed additional work….”

agreed to recommend that the Conference of the Parties
adopt the draft guidelines and guidance on a provisional
basis pending completion of any additional work
Expert Group on BAT/BEP

The Expert Group also agreed that its report to
the Conference of the Parties should reflect :
• developing country concerns on the socioeconomic impact of applying best available
techniques and the lack of capacity to do so,
• the concurrent need for technical and financial
assistance; and
• the need for further work to continue to develop
the guidelines.
Expert Group on BAT/BEP

With regard to developing country concerns, the
Expert Group:
• agreed to recommend to the Conference of the
Parties that it consider special support to these
countries;
• noted the special concerns of African countries
regarding the lack of waste management capacity;
and
• agreed to highlight this concern for urgent
consideration by the Conference of Parties
Recommended Action by the Conference of
the Parties

The Conference of the Parties may wish to:
•
Consider the report by the co-chairs of the Expert
Group & the EGB’s draft guidelines & provisional
guidance;
•
Identify further work to be undertaken and determine
the modalities for completing the work;
•
Adopt for immediate use by Parties pending further
development, and with any amendments, the draft
guidelines and provisional guidance; and
•
Identify the modalities for the regular updating of the
guidelines and provisional guidance.
Report by the Co-Chairs
(Further Work)






Clearinghouse
mechanism/compendium
Special needs of developing countries
Additional Guidance material
Emission limits/targets
Monitoring
Policy (inclusion of sustainable
development strategies)