Transcript Rural Education in Developing Countries

Rural Education in
Developing Countries
Wanna Leka
Addis Ababa University
Objective
The major objective of this
presentation is to outline briefly about
rural education in developing
countries
1. Introduction
Demographic trends indicate that by the year
2030 the World Population will reach 8.4
billion. When this figure is further
disaggregated, the developing countries will
contribute about 86% of the population
growth of the year 2030. The majority of the
world population by the year 2030 will also
be still rural (55% of the total population)
mainly in developing countries. However,
except for Africa and Oceania, the rural
population is expected to decline in all areas
between 2000 and 2030.
Introduction (contd.)
Table 1: Rural Population Trends by
Region and Development Group 19502030
Ru. Pop(bill.)
1950
2030
World
1.77
3.90
Developed regions 0.37
0.21
Less developed
1.40
3.08
2. Defining Rural Areas
In an effort to better capture the concept of
rurality some authors used a multi-criteria
approach, defining rural areas as:
• A space where human settlement and
infrastructure occupy only a small share of the
landscape;
•Natural environment dominated by pastures,
forests, mountains and deserts;
Definition (Contd.)
• Settlements of low density (about 5-10,000
persons);
• Places where most people work on farms;
• Prevalence of poverty;
• The availability of land at a relatively low
cost; and a place where activities are
affected by a high transaction cost,
associated with long distance from cities
and poor infrastructures.
Fig.1. Who are the poor?
Small farmers
Pastoralists
Artisan/fishermen
Landless people
Castes/tribes
Female headed households
Displaced people
3. Educational Objectives of
Most Developing Countries
•To provide universal primary education;
•To develop manpower to promote
economic growth and
•To provide some measure of equal
opportunity for those groups previously
disadvantaged economically and
4. Suggested Education for
Rural Population
1. Basic general education
embracing:
• Literacy and
• Numeracy
2. Family improvement education
3. Civic, community/improvement
education
4. Occupational/Vocational
education
5. Millennium Development
Goals
1. Reduce by half the proportion of people living
in extreme poverty between 1990 and 2015
and reduce by half the proportion of people
who suffer from hunger;
2. Enroll all children in primary school by
2015;
3. Make progress towards gender equality and
empowering women by eliminating gender
disparities in primary and secondary education
by 2005;
4. Reduce infant and child mortality rates by
two-thirds between 1990 and 2015;
Millennium Development
Goals (Contd)
5. Reduce maternal mortality ratios by threequarters between 1990 and 2015;
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases;
7.Implement national strategies for
sustainable development by 2005 so as to
reverse the loss of environmental resources
by 2015.
8.Develop a global partnership for
6. EFA GOALS
1. Expand early childhood care and
education
2. Free and compulsory education of
good quality
3. Promote the acquisition of life skills by
adolescents and youth
4. Expand adult literacy
5. Eliminate gender disparity
6. Enhance educational quality
7. Barriers to Universalize
Primary Education
1.
2.
3.
4.
task complexity
economic determinants
socio-cultural barrier
Demographic and geographic
determinants
5. school inefficiency
6. legitimacy gap
8. Recommendations
• Effective policies and practices of
governments;
• Community mobilization
• Diversify funding sources;
• Alternative approaches to the delivery of
education;
• Integrate primary education with other
development activities;
• Bring more rural girls to school;
• Evaluate programs periodically.