Transcript Slide 1

Presentation
of
Enzyme Enhanced Environmental Technology
2009
1
Table of Contents


E3 The Company
E3 Products – Overview

FireAxe

RoadMaxx

OS Solution

WPC

DSZ

WasteAway

EcoBrixx

Greenhouse Gases

Carbon Credits
 The Future
04
06
10
18
23
30
36
44
49
55
73
76
2
Enzyme Enhanced Environmental Technology, Inc.
E3 Presents a Groundbreaking Suite of
Environmentally Beneficial Products
Confidential – For Approved Use Only
3
The Company

E3 is an Atlanta, GA-based manufacturing
and distribution company formed in 2002
with the goal of offering effective,
environmentally safe and cost-efficient
solutions for multiple industries.

Founded by Dr. Viktor Bouquette, the
company has spent the last 6 years
refining its products, identifying its market
and identifying a potential management
team.
4
Our Mission, Values & Vision

Enzyme Enhanced Environmental Technology, Inc. (E3)

Our Mission: To provide innovative products that are highly
effective in solving industry specific problems that are not
only environmentally friendly but are also environmentally
beneficial.

Our Values: Maintaining a corporate culture of honesty and
integrity while nurturing and protecting people and the
environment.

Our Vision: To be the industry leader in enzyme based
environmental technology.
5
Our Products have 16 Commercially
Viable Applications

Our groundbreaking products contain naturally-occurring
enzymes, discovered over 40 years ago, that serve as
catalysts to produce specific chemical reactions which
effectively address the following:
Enhanced oil recovery
Hydrocarbon and wildfire control
Crude oil bio-desulphurization Indoor mold remediation
Environmental spill cleanup
Farming waste and odor control
Carbon Credits creation
Dust control for dirt roads
Road construction
Tar sands mining enhancement
Pipeline paraffin mitigation
Storage tank cleaning
Wastewater treatment
Building construction
Home/Office fire extinguishment Hospital/Home bacterial control
6
Our Proprietary Enzymatic-Fungal Formula

An enzyme is a protein that exist in the cells of all living entities and
acts as a catalyst to facilitate naturally occurring biochemical
reactions.

It is estimated that in nature there are tens of thousands of unique
enzymes; there are well over 3,000 enzymes in the human body
alone.

A fungus is a parasitic organism.

It is estimated that there are over 100,000 species of fungi on the
planet (including molds, mildews, mushrooms, rusts and smuts).

A rare fungus is the basis for E3’s proprietary formulae. By varying
ingredients and concentrations of our proprietary baseline formulas
and combining them with this rare fungus, extra-cellular enzymes
are created via a fermentation process that amplify a specific
reaction pathway by many orders of magnitude.
7
7 Core Products
Enzyme-Based Products
FireAxe
EcoBrixx
RoadMaxx
E3
Waste
Away
DSZ
Oil Spill
Solution
WPC
Paraffin
Mitigation
8
Product Development
RoadMaxx:
In commercial use globally for over 40 years.
FireAxe:
Tested, validated and ready to market with receipt of
US regulatory approvals. Currently being used by
Royal Dutch Shell in Nigeria.
WPC:
Tested in Alaska, Texas and in the Gulf of Mexico with
Chevron
OS Solution:
In commercial use globally for over 10 years.
WasteAway:
Successful testing conducted in conjunction with
Goldkist (poultry) in Georgia in the mid-1990’s.
EcoBrixx
Successfully tested in conjunction with major US
manufacturer of Compressed Earth Block Machines
DSZ:
In the final stages of R&D.
9
FireAxe
Advanced Fire Technology
10
FireAxe Video
11
Safe, Rapid & Total Fire Suppression

FireAxe™ is formulated to:

Quickly extinguish even the most difficult hydrocarbon-based fires
(i.e. oil well or pipeline fires) and wildfires

Completely eliminate the possibility of re-ignition, even in high
winds

Act as a remediation agent to break down unburned hydrocarbon
fuel on land or water

Exclude ingredients harmful to the environment

Compete with aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) based on efficacy,
price and the avoidance of green house gas hydro-fluorocarbons
(HFC)
12
Fire Triangle

Fire needs three elements to propagate; the so-called fire triangle:
1. Heat –
can exceed several thousand degrees Fahrenheit
(depending on fuel type and oxygen content)
2. Oxygen – room air contains 21%, the minimum needed for
fire to propagate
3. Fuel –
hydrocarbon based; liquids (e.g. gasoline) or
solids (e.g., wood/foliage)

Traditional methods of fire fighting are directed at control of one of
these three aspects of the fire triangle.
 Water is used to extinguish a fire by disrupting and dissipating the
heat aspect of the triangle.
 Foam (Aqueous Film Forming Foam or AFFF) is used to blanket the
fire such that the triangle is denied oxygen.
 By and large, neither of these methods is particularly effective, as
demonstrated by the massive loss of property and lives caused by
wildfires annually.
13
Innovative Advance

FireAxe™ employs a different mechanism of action; it works
simultaneously on the first and third elements of the triangle; the
heat and the fuel components:

FireAxe™ locks-up the fuel component rendering it incapable of
igniting. In addition, FireAxe bio-degrades the unburned fuel and
therefore minimizes potential environmental contamination, as
well as reduces the risk of re-ignition and the risk of explosion
associated with fuel vapors.

FireAxe™ also rapidly dissipates the associated heat necessary
to propagate fire. This component will prove especially important
in oil well fire and structure fires involving metals that transfer
heat (e.g. skyscrapers).
14
New Firefighting Era

FireAxe™ rapidly extinguishes the most extreme
hydrocarbon and forest fires in a fraction of the time as
compared to current technology.

FireAxe™ acts as a biodegradable bio-remediation agent
to clean up the unburned waste and residue from
hydrocarbon fires that could potentially contaminate
surrounding soil and water.

Significantly, application of FireAxe™ does not require
modification of existing equipment or acquisition of new
skill sets.
15
Benefits

FireAxe™ is an environmentally friendly, natural enzymebased liquid product.

FireAxe™ can be introduced into the standard 1 ½ and 4 inch
fire hoses as a 6% solution in the same manner as foam. No
equipment modification is necessary.

FireAxe™ can be easily and inexpensively induced into the
existing sprinkler system of any structure and will act as a
superior first line of defense. FireAxe is non-corrosive and
will not adversely affect plumbing or sprinkler heads. A fire
will be extinguished before significant damage is done and
long before the Fire Department could arrive.

Unlike AFFF (foam), FireAxe contains no greenhouse HFC.
16
Regulatory Requirements for
Commercialization of FireAxe



Underwriters Laboratory
(UL)
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
US Forestry Service Testing
(Missoula, Montana)
17
RoadMaxx
In use for over 40 years for road projects in the US, Central and
South America and Africa.
18
Better and Cheaper Roadbuilding

RoadMaxx alters the properties of earth material through a
catalytic bonding process, producing a strong “cementation”
action.

Unlike inorganic or petroleum based products which temporarily
hold soil materials together, RoadMaxx causes the soil to bond
during compaction into a dense permanent base which resists
water penetration, solid penetration, weather and wear.

Under proper conditions, use of RoadMaxx eliminates the need for
additional aggregate, reducing costs associated with acquiring and
transporting fill dirt.

Can be used in varied climates - hot or cold, wet or dry.
19
Application

RoadMaxx is easy to apply and requires no special equipment or
application procedures. It can be used with recycle machines or
applied with regular road building machines.

RoadMaxx can be used with soils that contain a minimum of 20%
cohesive fines.

RoadMaxx is mixed with the water used for compaction during
normal road building techniques. A typical application to stabilize
a 6-inch existing or new road base is presented on the video to
follow.
20
RoadMaxx Video
21
AS Durable As Asphalt

Adding a Double Chip Seal to a base prepared with
RoadMaxx will result in a road that is as durable as asphalt at
less than one-third the cost.

15 gallons of RoadMaxx will build an extremely durable road
1 mile long, 25 feet wide and 6 inches deep.
22
OS Solution
Oil Spill Solution
23
OS Solution: Oil & Chemical Spill Remediation

OS Solution is formulated to:

Rapidly and effectively remove oil spills from land or
water by catalyzing naturally present bacteria

Contain no ingredients that are harmful to the ecosystem

Remediate recent or historic spills with equal
effectiveness

Be non-toxic to both marine life and mammals
24
OS Solution
The Remediation Problem:

Surface contamination resulting from spillage of crude
oil, fuels, chemicals, heavy metals and other hazardous
materials is costly and time consuming to effectively
remediate.

Remediation via current methods is often ineffective and
abandoned before total elimination of toxins is
completed.
25
OS Solution

OS Solution has been shown to accelerate the
biodegradation of diesel fuel, BTEX, MTBE, TCE/DCE
(chlorinated organics), motor oil, gasoline, and a wide
variety of other petrochemicals contaminating a variety
of surfaces including sand, soil, and costal
aggregates.

1 gallon of OS Solution mixed with 16 gallons of water
will treat 8 cubic yards of contaminated soil.
26
OS Solution Mechanism

OS Solution transforms volatiles into non-volatile forms through
direct enzyme action after an initial bonding to the protein
matrix. This bonding is responsible for the immediate decrease
in VOC (volatile organic compounds), followed by longitudinal
decrease in VOC through microbial oxidation.

OS Solution rapidly catalyzes the normal bacterial populations
into a logarithmic growth phase, enhancing both DNA production and specific enzyme production.

OS Solution bioremediation of effluent contaminated with heavy
metal results in rapid precipitation, allowing for less costly
recovery
by
appropriate
technology.
Under
specific
circumstances, OS Solution can be utilized as one component
of a treatment "chain" to bio-remediate organics, followed by
specific chemical recovery of lead and other heavy metals.
27
Example: Amrep Corporation
In-situ OS Solution Remediation





Chemical Blending Plant
Soil Contaminated with Halogenated Organics, Mineral
Spirits, Diesel Fuel
Volume: 2,000 cubic yards
Technique: Soil pile with slotted PVC for injection of 4% OS
Solution weekly
Moisture maintained at 15-20%, low-volume air injection to
maintain aerobic conditions without volatilization
28
Amrep Corporation
Graphed Results of OS Solution Remediation
400
350
300
250
TPH
200
TCE
150
DCE
All Tests Below
Detection Level
at 14 Days
100
50
0
Start
Day 7
Wash
29
WPC
Well and Pipeline Cleaner
Paraffin Mitigation
30
WPC Benefits

Injection of Well & Pipeline Cleaner (WPC) enzyme
formulation results in production increases of from 35% to
100%. WPC is a specialty enzyme-based, natural agent
containing colloidal suspension and biocide additives.

There are no bacteria or toxic solvents in WPC. The natural
enzymes penetrate and break up the paraffin, asphaltenes,
scale, resin and minerals that typically deposit on the walls
of oil well tubing over time, restricting valuable oil and gas
production.

The colloidal suspension agents prevent the re-deposition of
these materials during the "soak" cycle, keeping the
loosened material in fluid suspension until the well is
flushed.
31
WPC Application

WPC is pre-mixed with production brine and/or produced oil. The
diluted mixture is then injected into the wellbore, using a surge
pump or similar device.

Typically, a water truck equipped with a high-pressure pump is
used. Once the WPC mixture is injected, the well is shut in and
allowed to soak for three to five days. The wellbore is then fully
opened and allowed to "flush" into the production system.

WPC is fully compatible with the crude oil and will not cause any
problems in the crude oil separation and shipping system.

Application typically will need to be repeated in nine to twelve
months, depending on the natural production decline in each
individual oil well.
32
WPC
Field Demonstration

A highly successful demonstration of WPC in the Gulf of
Mexico with Chevron validates our claim that use of WPC:
 Dramatically increases BOPD (barrels of oil produced
daily)
 Decreases the number of cuttings (graph on next slide).

Analysis of the data provided by Chevron demonstrates:
 Use of WPC increased the BOPD by 52% for a period of
four months
 A potential annual pre-tax cash flow improvement of
roughly $330,000 for this single well (assuming three
treatments per year and oil priced at $70.00 per barrel).
33
Gulf of Mexico Results
T o ta l
A v e ra g e s
P o s t-T re a t
8 /2 7 -1 2 /2 0 /0 3
4 m o s . P re -T re a t
5 /2 5 -8 /1 3 /0 3
1 3 p ts P re T re a t 1 1 /4 /0 2 -8 /1 3 /0 3
1 yr P re -T re a t
8 /1 2 /0 2 -8 /1 3 /0 3
L ife tim e
5 /2 5 /0 1 -8 /1 3 /0 3
W a te r C u t
F lu id
BOPD
BW PD
166
110
132
146
189
131
86
112
126
163
5 2 % in c re a s e
(% )
G as O ut
G a s In
N et G as
GOR
T u b P S IG
C a s P S IG
F L P S IG
134
80
129
141
168
1085
1944
1624
1515
1288
165
168
177
176
192
880
897
899
898
902
168
158
164
162
175
35
21
568
434
24
18
195
116
19
13
261
132
21
13
281
140
26
13
386
218
(in c re a s e b a s e d o n 4 m o s p rio r to tre a t)
P ro d u c tio n H is to ry (B O P D )
W P C T re a tm e n t
190
170
B oost
130
P o s t-T re a tm e n t A ve ra g e 1 3 1
110
P re -T re a tm e n t A ve ra g e 8 6
90
70
1 2 /3 1 /0 3
1 2 /1 7 /0 3
1 2 /3 /0 3
1 1 /1 9 /0 3
1 1 /5 /0 3
1 0 /2 2 /0 3
1 0 /8 /0 3
9 /2 4 /0 3
9 /1 0 /0 3
8 /2 7 /0 3
8 /1 3 /0 3
7 /3 0 /0 3
7 /1 6 /0 3
7 /2 /0 3
6 /1 8 /0 3
6 /4 /0 3
5 /2 1 /0 3
5 /7 /0 3
4 /2 3 /0 3
4 /9 /0 3
3 /2 6 /0 3
3 /1 2 /0 3
2 /2 6 /0 3
2 /1 2 /0 3
1 /2 9 /0 3
1 /1 5 /0 3
50
1 /1 /0 3
B a rre ls o f O il P e r D a y
52%
P ro d u c tio n
150
34
WPC
An Opportunity for Enhanced Oil Recovery
35
DSZ
Bio-Desulphurization
of Crude Oil
36
DSZ

DSZ utilizes specific proprietary enzymes in
conjunction with genetically modified bacteria
to catalyze (speed up) the natural process
responsible for varying sulfur levels in specific
crude oil.
37
Bio-desulphurization

Approximately half of the 84 million barrels of
crude produced each day is considered to have
a high sulfur content or is “sour” as compared
to the more valuable and high quality “sweet”
crude oil.

Our initial research indicates that biodesulphurization is achievable; this represents
an opportunity to significantly improve the
operating efficiencies of refineries and the
ultimate value of the products.
38
The Process - Sulfur Liberation
39
Bio-Desulphurization - History

Energy BioSystems Corporation (EBC) of The
Woodlands, TX was a pioneer in microbial
desulphurization research in the early 1990’s.

EBC spent approximately $50 million isolating,
characterizing, and manipulating the
desulphurization genes from a variety of
microorganisms, as well as developing and testing
the reactor, separations, and recovery technology
that is required to commercialize biodesulphurization.
40
Bio-Desulphurization History -Genetically
Modified Bacteria

One of the results of EBC’s research efforts was
the production of superior genetically modified
sulphurphilic (sulfur loving) bacteria.

These modified bacteria have the ability to liberate
sulfur from a hydrocarbon ring without damage to
the ring itself.

Though the EBC desired outcome was
accomplished - sulfur was released into a water
phase - the reaction was not rapid enough to
render the process commercially viable.
41
The DSZ Breakthrough

The addition of E3’s proprietary enzyme formula to sour
crude oil will exponentially increase both the reaction time
and the percentage of sulfur liberated, resulting in a
commercially viable bio-desulphurization process.

DSZ’s bio-desulphurization process markedly decreases the
costs incurred by refineries currently utilizing high pressure
and high temperatures as hydro-desulphurization processes.

DSZ is in the final stages of R&D
.
42
Theoretical DSZ Application

There are two containers that compose the DSZ product. One
contains genetically modified bacteria and the other a bio-catalytic
enzyme solution. These two containers form DSZ and are mixed onsite in a container with water.

This mixture is introduced via distribution lines into a static mixer.
The static mixer mixes the water, DSZ and sour crude.
Hypothetical ratio of products is:
- One gallon of DSZ + 30 gallons of Water
- Treats 20,000 gallons of crude

This mixture moves into the crude storage tank for approximately 5
days.
 The crude mixture is then sent through an oil-water separator.
 E3’s research indicates that this process will significantly reduce
the sulfur content of this treated un-refined crude.
 This separated crude is then sent to a refinery as “sweet” crude.
43
The Global Solution
WasteAway
44
WasteAway Decreases GHG

WasteAway is an effective extracellular enzyme
formulation that will markedly decrease methane
emission, nitrous oxide emission and hydrogen
sulfide emission from the animal wastes generated
by Confined Animal Feeding Organizations
(CAFOs).
45
WasteAway Application

WasteAway is simply applied to lagoons and
holding pits, etc. as a dilute solution (100:1) mixed
with local water.

WasteAway is a pure extra-cellular enzyme
formulation that does not contain exogenous
bacteria.
46
WasteAway - Mechanism of Action

The main determinant of the amount of GHG emmission is
the amount of carbon in the organic waste. As the waste
degrades, some of this carbon becomes part of the cellular
material of the microbes (assimilated carbon) and the rest of
the carbon forms methane and carbon dioxide (dissimilated
carbon).

The more anaerobic the process, the more of this carbon is
converted to methane.

WasteAway promotes an aerobic process and markedly
increases assimilated carbon and thereby decreases the
emission of GHG.
47
WasteAway Benefits

Dramatic decrease (up to 90%) in green house gas emissions after the
application of WasteAway.

The immediate elimination of the atrocious odor associated with the
handling and storage of animal wastes.

Markedly diminished potential for groundwater contamination and
the realization of significantly decreased costs associated with waste
disposal.

Help solve significant environmental problems faced by the CAFOs in
managing the massive amounts of animal waste that are produced annually.

The creation of massive amounts of tradable carbon credits from
WasteAway’s reduction of methane emissions.
48
EcoBrixx
Superior Compressed Earth Blocks
49
EcoBrixx

Earth has been used as a building material for
thousands of years.

From ancient times to the present day, earthen
construction has been used to build everything
from modest shelters to elaborate temples and
great walls using a wide variety of techniques - adobe, cob, rammed earth and compressed
earth blocks, to name but a few.
50
Compressed Earth Blocks

Strong, dimensionally stable building blocks
can be made by compressing slightly
moistened earth under moderately high
pressure using a device commonly known as a
compressed earth block press and made
specifically for this purpose.

Modern earth block presses are inexpensive,
portable, and highly reliable.
51
EcoBrixx

Most soil types, when reasonably free from
organic matter, will make good compressed
earth blocks (CEB).

Best results are obtained by first screening the
soil through 1/8" wire mesh to remove any
pebbles, rocks, chunks of compacted soil, etc.

To produce a superior CEB, EcoBrixx and
water are added to the soil to increase
strength, resistance to erosion and water
penetration.
52
EcoBrixx
Superior Compressed Earth Blocks







Earthquake Resistance
Earth friendly construction
Common availability of resources
Tornado and Hurricane resistance
Fire resistance
Energy efficient
Ease of construction
53
EcoBrixx Advantages





They have structural qualities superior to kilned brick
and other masonry materials.
They can be removed from the machine immediately
after pressing and stacked for curing which requires
generally no more than a week.
They are extremely durable and resistant to erosion
and water penetration.
Having uniform dimensions, sharp edges and smooth
surfaces, they are easy to lay.
They can be produced at a fraction of the cost of
conventional cement blocks.
54
APPENDIX
55
GHG
Green House Gases
56
Greenhouse Gases (GHG)

Greenhouse gases (GHG) naturally blanket
the earth and keep it approximately 33
degrees Celsius (91.4 degrees Fahrenheit)
warmer than it would be in the absence of
these gases in the atmosphere.

This gaseous blanketing is called the
“Greenhouse Effect”.
57
Green House Effect

Shorter-wavelength solar radiation from the sun passes
through Earth's atmosphere, and then is absorbed by the
surface of the Earth, causing it to warm.

Part of this absorbed energy is then re-radiated back into the
atmosphere as long wave infrared radiation. Little of this
long wave radiation however, escapes back into
space; much of this radiation cannot pass back through the
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The greenhouse gases absorb some of this long wave
infrared radiation and re-emit these long waves downward,
causing the lower atmosphere to warm.
58
Green House Effect Diagram
59
Anthropogenic Global Warming

Over the past century, the Earth has increased
in temperature by approximately 0.5 Celsius
(32.9 degree Fahrenheit).

Many scientists believe this increase is due to
man-made increased emissions of the main
greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide and fluorocarbons.

This theory is known as anthropogenic global
warming or AGW.
60
Consequences of Global Warming

It is now a widely accepted belief that if this increase in
greenhouse gas emission continues unchecked, the
global warming that is produced as a consequence will
negatively impact nature and produce severe climatic
changes.

Changes including; severe floods and droughts,
increasing frequency and intensity of hurricanes and
tornados, brutal heat waves, polar ice cap melting,
rising sea levels and an increased incidence of
communicable diseases secondary to an increased
insect population.
61
The Major Greenhouse Gases
63
Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless, nonflammable gas and is the most prominent GHG in Earth's
atmosphere.

CO2 is recycled through the atmosphere by the process of
photosynthesis, which makes human life possible.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and
other organisms transform light energy into chemical
energy. Light energy is trapped and used to convert carbon
dioxide, water, and other minerals into oxygen and energy
rich organic compounds.

Every year humans add over 30 billion tons of carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere and, data from polar ice sampling,
suggest that this is a thirty percent increase since 1750.
64
Methane

Methane is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas. It is
formed when plants decay where there is very little air
(anaerobic decay). It is often called swamp gas because it is
abundant around water and swamps.

Polar ice cap sampling data indicate that since 1750,
methane emissions have doubled, and could double again
by 2050.

Each year we add 350-500 million tons of methane to the air
by raising livestock, coal mining, drilling for oil and natural
gas, rice cultivation, and decaying garbage sitting in
landfills.

Methane stays in the atmosphere for only 10 years, but traps
21 times more heat than carbon dioxide.
65
Methane (more)

Rice cultivation has developed into a large business;
farmland has doubled in the past 45 years. Rice feeds 1/3 of
the World's population. Rice grows mostly in flooded fields,
where bacteria in waterlogged soil release methane.

Livestock such as cows, sheep, goats, camels, buffaloes,
and termites release methane as well. Bacteria in the gut of
the animal break down food and convert some of it to
methane. When these animals belch, methane is released.

In one day, a cow can emit ½ pound of methane into the
air. A far greater source of methane emissions, however, is
from decaying manure produced by livestock.
66
Nitrous Oxide

Nitrous oxide is a colorless greenhouse gas; however,
unlike the other GH gases, it has a sweet odor. It is
used as a dental anesthetic because it deadens pain
and for this characteristic is called “laughing gas”.

This gas is released naturally from oceans and by
bacteria in soils. Nitrous oxide gas has risen by more
than 15% since 1750.

Each year humans add 7-13 million tons into the
atmosphere by using nitrogen based fertilizers,
disposing of human and animal waste in sewage
treatment facilities, automobile exhaust, and other
sources not yet identified.
67
Nitrous Oxide (more)

Use of nitrogen based fertilizer has doubled in the past
15 years. These fertilizers provide nutrients for crops;
however, when they breakdown in the soil, nitrous
oxide is released into the atmosphere.

In automobiles, nitrous oxide is released at a much
lower rate than carbon dioxide, because there is more
carbon in gasoline than nitrogen.

Nitrous oxide released today will still be trapped in the
atmosphere 100 years from now.
68
Fluorocarbons

Fluorocarbon is a general term for any group of synthetic
organic compounds that contain fluorine and carbon. Many
of these compounds, such as chloro-fluorocarbons (CFCs),
can be easily converted from gas to liquid or liquid to gas.

Because of these properties, CFCs can be used in aerosol
cans, refrigerators, and air conditioners.

Studies in the 1970’s showed that when CFCs are emitted
into the atmosphere, they break down molecules in the
Earth's ozone layer.

Since then, the use of CFCs has significantly decreased and
they are banned from production in the United States.
69
Fluorocarbons (more)

The substitute for CFCs is hydro-fluorocarbons
(HFCs).

HFC does not harm or breakdown the ozone
molecule, but it does trap heat in the atmosphere,
making it a greenhouse gas which contributes to
global warming.

HFCs are used in air conditioners and refrigerators
and are a component of Aqueous Film Forming Foam
(AFFF), the primary retardant used by fire
departments around the world to control hydrocarbonbased fires.
70
Livestock and GHG

According to the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, the
livestock industry is responsible for 18
percent of greenhouse gas emissions
measured in CO2 equivalents (CO2e).

This represents a greater percentage
than the emissions from transportation
fuels (fourteen percent).
71
Livestock and Manure

Huge factory farms known as Confined Animal
Feeding Organizations (CAFOs) house
millions of animals in close quarters.

One million hogs generate 22 million tons of
manure annually. Methane, nitrous oxide and
hydrogen sulfide primarily originate from huge
open lagoons that contain millions of tons of
animal waste.

One ton of methane is equivalent to 21 tons of
carbon dioxide.
72
Environmental Pollution

Not only are these GHG manure byproducts contributing to global warming,
but pollutants from decomposing
livestock manure can cause other major
environmental problems as well;

Including surface and groundwater
contamination, in addition to air pollution
caused by odors, dust and ammonia.
73
Carbon Credits Market



The carbon market was created after Europe signed
the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on curbing green house
gases.
In 2005, European governments began a mandatory
capping of the amounts of carbon dioxide that
industries could emit, while letting them buy and sell
CO2 emission allowances.
The cap-and-trade system encourages factories and
industries to cut emissions by giving them "pollution
permits." If an entity produces less greenhouse gases
than the total of their permits, that entity can sell the
surplus certificates -- also known as credits -- to
companies that find them cheaper than cutting their
own emissions.
74
Carbon Market Valuation

Every year humans generate about 38 billions tons of
carbon dioxide.

At its current price of about $3.50 per ton, the potential
carbon market stands at roughly $133 billion (38 billion
x $3.50) at today’s price.

The second phase of the Kyoto Protocol (2008 –
2012) calls for further decreases of carbon emissions
and sets limits on carbon credits. This will increase
the price of the credits as more countries, including the
US, adopt CO2 emission standards.
75
Quantifying the Credits

An independent third party such as those who
evaluate decreased GHG release in landfills
can be utilized to quantify the decreased
methane emissions from the CAFO using
WasteAway and the resulting carbon credits.

Biogas Technology promotes the recovery and
use of biogas from landfills to generate
electricity for heating and cooling needs. The
calculations used in Biogas Technology can be
adapted to measure the reduction of GHG
gained with the use of WasteAway.
76
The Future

E3 products have the potential ability to greatly decrease the
significant quantity of CO2e emitted by animal waste annually

E3 will apply for a process patent for carbon credit generation

E3 will trade surplus generated carbon credits globally

E3 will eliminate many of the most significant sources of water
pollution and air pollution

E3 will introduce new technology that will markedly reduce the
threat of massive wildfires

E3 will build inexpensive and durable housing and roads worldwide

E3 will create lighter, sweet crude from unrefined existing stock
77
Introduces a New Era of
Environmental Technology
78