Transcript What did we see in 2004?

Emerald ash borer
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This is a new beetle first
identified in July 2002 as
Agrilus panipennis.
The beetle was found in a
declining ash in southeastern
Michigan.
It is believed that the insect
had been present in the area
since about 1997 having
come in on ash shipping
crates.
Since that time it has killed
almost 8 million trees in
southeastern Michigan (2
million in the last year
alone).
Emerald ash borer
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The emerald ash borer is a
close relative to the bronze
birch borer (A. anxius) having
similar appearance, life cycle
and habits.
The emerald ash borer generally
has one generation per year.
Adults emerge in June and July
and fly to a new host. They can
fly up to 6 miles (in a season),
though 100 yards is more
common. Eggs are laid on the
bark. The eggs hatch in 14
days and the young larvae
burrow into the tree. The insect
over winters as mature larvae
and pupates in the spring.
Emerald ash borer
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Infestations are difficult to
detect until the tree begins
to decline.
Usually by this point the
serpentine tunneling by the
larvae has girdled the tree
and recovery of the tree is
unlikely.
The borer attacks trees 1inch diameter and larger.
It appears to be able to
successfully attack trees that
are not highly stressed.
Emerald ash borer
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Symptoms of
infestations include:
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Tree decline.
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Dieback of branches
Thinning canopy
Long shoots growing
from the trunk or
branches.
Vertical cracks in trunk.
D-shaped emergent
holes.
S-shaped tunnels under
the bark filled with fine
sawdust.
Emerald ash borer
 The quarantine area had
expanded in 2003 to 13
counties.
 However, there are at least
another 20 new infestations
detected in other counties,
either from the movement of
infested nursery stock or
firewood.
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There have also been new
infestations in Ohio and
Maryland from the
movement of infested
nursery stock from Michigan.
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A new infestation in Indiana
is from the movement of
firewood.
The United States solution
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In Ohio and Michigan they are
cutting all ash trees found with
D-shaped emergent holes as
well as any ash found with ¼ to
½ mile of the infested tree.
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The cost of this is an estimated
$500,000 per infested spot.
Trees within 1 mile of an
infestation are considered at
risk – those beyond 10 miles
have no concerns.
Michigan is recommend treating
healthy ash trees by injection
with Imidaclopid (Imicide or
Pointer) or Bidrin (Injecticide B).
Infested trees – those showing
more than 20% dieback- do not
show good control with
injections.
Trees can also
be sprayed with
Carbaryl (Sevin) at
the bark beetle
rate.
Control steps in Michigan
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In addition to removing infested
trees, Michigan has
implemented the following.
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Establish a one-year
moratorium prohibiting the sale
and movement of ash nursery
stock from, into and within
Michigan’s Lower Peninsula.
Ban the movement of all
firewood of ANY species from
the 13 quarantined counties.
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Fine of $100 so widely ignored.
In Ohio the fine is $4000.
Prohibit the movement of any
ash material, unless chipper to
one-inch material or less from
the quarantined counties.
Michigan solution
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In addition Michigan is
suggesting you considered
planting something other
than ash.
A recent survey found that
about 25% of all street trees
in Michigan are ash.
They expect to loss them all
in Michigan.
There is no resistance in our
native ash and treatments,
though effective, are
expensive.
Michigan considers this a
wake up call to diversify the
landscape.
The Canadian solution
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Strip about 10 miles wide
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The Canadians survey found
that the Eastern-most positives
are all first year infestations as
a result of natural spread.
They are halting this spread by
cutting an ash-free zone at a
cost of $15 million (US).
By removing all ash in this zone
they hope to prevent the
natural spread of the insect.
All removed trees must be
burned or chipped to 1-inch size
or less.
You can not replant ash in this
zone nor can you “save” your
tree by treating with pesticides.
In fall 2004 EAB has been found
east of the barrier.
And what is at risk?
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The state of South Dakota
contains approximately the
following number of ash
trees.
 Urban – 3.1 million
 Windbreak / Shelterbelt –
36 million
 Woodland – 7.6 million.
 There are almost 47
million trees at risk in our
state.
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Michigan had a
estimated 30 million ash
in lower Michigan and
has lost 8 million in 7
years.