Transcript Chapter 19 : The Growth of Industry

Chapter 19: The Growth of
Industry
Section 1; Railroad Expansion
1. By the 1890s five railway lines crossed the country
2. By the 1900s the nation had ________
250,000 miles of track.
3. Many small
companies were
combined to form
larger companies in a
process known as
_____________.
Consolidation
4. After consolidation,
a few powerful
individuals known as
Railroad barons
_______________
controlled the nations
rail traffic.
5. The barons lived in
an age when few laws
had been passed to
regulate business and
they played an
important part of
building our
transportation system.
Read the three paragraphs under railroads Stimulate the Economy on
page 557 and complete a Mind Map similar to the one below;
Carry
Raw
Goods
Railroads
Used in Factories
Railroad Technology
6.
Inventor of the air brakes __________________
George Westinghouse
Eli H. Janney
Inventor of the car coupler __________________
Gustavus Swift
Inventor of the refrigerated car ____________________
Inventor of the sleeping car ____________________
George M. Pullman
7. Barons made secret deals and set rates which brought
on regulation from government.
End section 1
Section 2; Inventions
8.
1844
Samuel
Morse
telegraph
1845 Howe
sewing
machine
1866 Cyrus Field
telegraph cable
across the
Atlantic Ocean
1857
Pullman
sleeping car
for trains
1869
1840
1839
Charles
Goodyear
Vulcanized
rubber
1846 Dr.
William
Morton first to
use
anesthesia
1863 mail
deliver in
homes
1862 Richard
Gatling
machine gun
1868 George
Westinghouse
airbrakes
1876 Bell
telephone
1888
Burrough’s
adding
machine
1903 Wright
brother’s
first flight
1870
1910
1888
Eastman
Kodak
camera
1868
Sholes
typewriter
1879
Edison
lightbulb
1899
Thurman
vacuum
cleaner
1906 Ford
Assembly
line
lightbulb
1908 Ford
Model-T
End section 2
Section 3; Big Business
9. In 1859 Edwin Drake
discovered oil in Titusville,
Pennsylvania
10. The United States had the resources needed for
economic growth. Among those resources are land, labor,
and capital, also known as _____________________.
Factors of production
11. All natural resources = ____
land
12. Large workforce = ____
labor
13. All equipment, machines, tools, and money = ______
capitol
14. In order to raise money, a company or corporation
could sale shares or ______
stock to investors.
15. In return for the investment, investors would get a
portion of the company profits called _________.
dividends
16. John D. Rockefeller made his fortune from oil.
17. Rockefeller built his empire by combining competing
firms into one corporation. This process is called
______________________.
horizontal integration
18. To strengthen Standard Oil in the industry, Rockefeller
lowered his prices to drive competitors out of business.
19. Rockefeller then gained control of other companies
which gave him total control of the oil industry.
20. When one company has total control of an
industry it is called a monopoly
________.
21. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Birmingham, Alabama
became leading centers for steel production.
22. Andrew Carnegie became an early leader in the
steel industry.
23. Carnegie’s company became powerful by controlling all
the companies that provided the equipment and services his
company needed. This process is called
vertical integration
____________________.
24. J.P. Morgan bought Carnegie’s company to go with
his own and created the first billion-dollar corporation.
25. Government soon felt these monopolies hurt customers
because they cut out competition so the government
passed the _____________________
in 1890, making
Sherman Antitrust Act
monopolies illegal.
End Section 3
Section 4; Industrial Workers
26. Industrial workers worked 10-12 hours a day, six days
a week and could be fired at any time for any reason.
27. Accidents, injuries, and even loss of life were
common in early industries.
28. Women were
entering the
workforce but no
laws were present
to protect them and
they were often paid
less than the men
around them.
29. Thousands of
children under the
age of 16 also
worked in factories.
30. Dissatisfied workers formed groups called labor unions to
demand better working conditions and better pay.
31. The American
Federation of Labor
(AFL) used tactics such
as strikes to forces
management to give-in
to their demands.
32. Strikes often
became violent as
strikers destroyed
company property.
33. During the Haymarket Riot in 1886, a striker threw a
bomb that killed police. Americans saw the labor
movement as terrorism.
35. Despite set backs,
failures, and public
opinions workers
continued to organize
for better wages and
better conditions.
End of Chapter 19