Transcript AP Review - Franklin County Public Schools

AP REVIEW
1607-1763
INDENTURED SERVANTS
• Europeans who came to the colonies under
contract for labor (3 to 7 years)
• Received transportation, food, clothing, lodging
and other necessities during the time of indenture
TRADE AND NAVIGATION ACTS
• 1651
• Restricted foreign shipping for trade between
England and its colonies with purpose of:
• 1. More profit for England
• 2. Stop trade with other countries
MAYFLOWER COMPACT
• Written by Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower as a
covenant to obey the rules
• Women not included
ROGER WILLIAMS
• Founded the colony of Rhode Island for religious
toleration due to religious persecution by Puritans
GREAT PURITAN MIGRATION
• 1629 to 1640
• King Charles I dissolved Parliament
• Prevents Puritan leaders from working within the
system to effect change
• Made them vulnerable to persecution
• Twenty thousand men, women, and children
migrate to MBC
NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION
• Military alliance consisting of New England colonies
with purpose of uniting Puritans against Native
Americans
FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCES
• Puritan idea to practice their religion freely and their
desire to promote religious tolerance
JONATHAN EDWARDS
• Key Christian preacher of the 1st Great Awakening
• Preached against wealth in churches
• Sermons were geared toward youth who believed
that did not fit in
HALFWAY COVENANT
• Devised in response to dwindling church
attendance
• Allowed non-church member parents to have their
children baptized as long as they agreed to raise
the children in the church
SALEM WITCH TRIALS
• Occurs 1692-93 colonial Massachusetts
• Common belief that the devil caused disease and
other natural catastrophes
• Brought on by hysteria and accusations of
teenaged girls believed to be afflicted
• 200 people accused, 20 people executed
CITY ON A HILL
• Phrase from 1630 sermon given by John Winthrop
• Telling the colonists of MBC that their capital city of
Boston would be the model of Christianity that the
world would be watching
WILLIAM PENN
• Quaker founder of Pennsylvania
• Founded as haven of religious toleration
• Noted for making and not breaking treaties with
Native Americans
PROPRIETARY COLONY
• Colonies that were granted to an individual or
group by the British crown and had full rights of selfgovernment
• Ex. Maryland and Pennsylvania
CHARTER COLONIES
• A type of colony in which an individual or group
had to first obtain a charter to establish the colony
• The King established the rules under which the
colony was to be governed through the charter
• Ex. Connecticut and MBC
ROYAL COLONY
• Colonies governed by the King’s appointed officials
• By the start of the Am. Rev. only Rhode Island and
Connecticut were not royal colonies
PETER ZENGER TRIAL/1735
• As publisher of the New York Weekly Journal, Zenger
is arrested for printing libelous comments about the
governor of New York, William Cosby
• Zenger is found not guilty
• Important case in the foundations of freedom of
speech in America
KING PHILIP’S WAR
• 1675-1676
• Caused by the continued invasion of Puritans onto
Native American land
• Led by Metacomet, chief of the Wampanoag
Indians who was called King Philip by the Puritans
• After the fighting ended, only a few isolated Indian
communities survived
GEORGE WHITEFIELD
• Probably the most famous religious figure of the
eighteenth century
• Traveled the colonies 1730s and 1740s preaching to
large crowds
• His impact help begin the Great Awakening
GREAT AWAKENING
• The widespread colonial revival of religion
• Considered to be an American version of the
Protestant Reformation
• Decadence was condemned with calls for purity
and piety
THOMAS HOBBES
• Author of Leviathon
• Philosophy centered around life in a state of nature
with no rules would be brutal and short
• Believed in a social contract where the state kept
peace and order
• Believed an absolute monarchy was the best form
of government
MERCANTILISM
• Theory of trade in which a nation should export
more than it imports
• “Favorable balance of trade”
• Developed in Europe after the decline of feudalism
• Governments enacted policies that protected their
business interests against foreign competition
BACON’S REBELLION
• Virginia 1675-1676
• Led by Nathaniel Bacon which began as the
indiscriminate attacks on Native Americans
• Escalated to attacks on the colonial capital of
Jamestown when Virginia governor William Berkeley
attempted to stop Bacon’s attacks on Native
American communities
HARVARD COLLEGE
• Founded in 1636 and located in Cambridge,
Massachusetts
• Oldest institution of higher learning in the United
States
MIDDLE PASSAGE
• Of the triangular slave trade, it was the voyage from
Africa to colonies in the Americas
• Estimated that 1 in every 6 Africans died during this
leg of the passage
• Other terms associated:
• Tight packers and loose packers
• Olaudah Equiano
PHYLLIS WHEATLY
• Most famous of the African American writers during
the revolutionary period
• Her book “Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and
Moral was published in 1773
• Her works centered around religion and concern
for African Americans
PURITANS
• Sought to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic
rituals
• Led settlement of MBC
PILGRIMS
• English religious dissenters who founded Plymouth
Colony
SEPARATISTS
• Radical branch of Puritanism
• Believed that the Church of England was too
corrupt to be reformed
• Sought to completely separate from the C of E
HOUSE OF BURGESSES
• Established in Virginia 1619
• First body of representative government in the
English colonies
ANNE HUTCHINSON
• Outspoken wife of a Puritan merchant
• Criticized certain Boston ministers for not acting
pious
• Excommunicated and banished from MBC
• Resettled in Rhode Island
WILLIAM BRADFORD
• Led the voyage of Pilgrims to form Plymouth Colony
• Drafted the Mayflower Compact
• Served as governor for over 30 years
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
• 1754-1763
• AKA 7 Years War in Europe
• Fought for control of N. America between the British
and the French and their Indian allies
• Some effects included:
• British began to impose stricter control over the
colonies
• Colonists began to develop a sense of identity
separate from England
JOHN LOCKE
• English philosopher
• Believed that the purpose of government was to
protect a person’s natural rights
• “Life, liberty, and property”
IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY
• Confederation of six Indian tribes across upper New
York
• Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca,
and Tuscarora
• Played a strategic role between the French and
British for trade and during war
HEADRIGHT SYSTEM
• Instituted by the Virginia Company to solve labor
issues in the colonies
• Awards of large plantations to wealthy colonists on
the condition that they transport workers from
England at their own cost
SALUTARY NEGLECT
• Britain's unofficial policy to relax the enforcement of
strict trade laws, imposed on the American colonies
late in the 17th and early 18th century
• Started by prime minister Robert Walpole
• Allowed the American colonies to prosper by
trading with countries other than England
• Then spend that wealth on British-made goods
• Unintended side effect:
• Colonies operated independently of Britain
• Economically and politically
• Developed an American identity
ALBANY PLAN OF UNION
• Proposal of B. Franklin to organize Indian affairs,
western settlement, and other items of mutual
interest under authority of one general government
• British feared that they might not be able to control
the union
• Colonies rejected the idea fearing loss of their
autonomy
JAMES OGLETHORPE
• Leader of the colony of Georgia
• Wanted to establish a buffer from Spanish invasion
from Florida and create a haven for poor British
farmers
• Initially, slavery was prohibited, but in 1752 the
colony was opened up to slavery