Water Quality Standards 303(d) List Total Maximum Daily Loads

Phil Schroeder Water Protection Program Missouri Department of Natural Resources

Water Quality Based Process

Set goals and WQS Develop and Implement strategies to restore water quality Conduct monitoring Meeting WQS?

Prepare 303(d) List No Yes

Water Quality Standards

Goal of the Clean Water Act

• Section 101(a) • Restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters • Wherever attainable, provide for protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and provide for recreation in and on the water (“fishable / swimmable”)

Water Quality Standards

• Specific (Numeric) Criteria • General (Narrative) Criteria • Antidegradation Policy and Procedure • Water Classification and Use Designations

Water Classification

• Lakes (455 - 293,257.8 acres) L1 - Primarily Used for Drinking Water Supply L2 - Major Reservoirs L3 - Other Lakes • Streams (3761 - 22,231.2 miles) P - Permanent Flow P1 - Standing Water Reaches of Class P Streams C - Intermittent Flow • Wetlands Class W • Unclassified Waters - Class U

Use Designations

• Aquatic Life • Swimming • Boating • Livestock Watering • Irrigation • Fish Consumption • Drinking Water Supply • Industrial Process Water • Historic Preservation • Hydrologic Cycle Maintenance • Educational/Scientific Significance

Use Attainability Analysis

Use Assessment Criteria - 131.10(g): 1 - Naturally Occurring Pollutant Concentrations 2 - Insufficient Flow 3 - Non-Remedial Human Caused Conditions 4 - Hydrologic Modifications 5 - Natural Physical Conditions 6 - Remedy Causes Socio-Economic Hardship

More on Use Designation

• Attainable Use • Existing Use • Designated Use • Presumed Use

Specific Criteria

10 CSR 20-7.031(4)

Table A - Numeric Criteria Table B1 - Acute Ammonia Tables B2 and B3 - Chronic Ammonia New Table ( K)? - Site-Specific Criteria

Other Tables

Table C - Streams Cold Water Sport Fishery Table D - Outstanding State Resource Waters Table E - Outstanding National Resource Waters Table F - Metropolitan No-Discharge Streams Table G - Lake Classifications and Use Designations Table H - Stream Classifications and Use Designations Table I - Biocriteria Reference Streams Table J - Losing Streams

General Criteria

10 CSR 20-7.031(3)

< x ) ))) ) < < x ) ))) ) < < x ) ))) ) < < x ) ))) ) < < x ) ))) ) < • Narrative Criteria • Prohibits Any Observable Impairment to Beneficial Uses • Applies to All Waters of the State o ) )) ) < o o o o o o o o o

Antidegradation

Discharging additional pollutants to Waters of the State is prohibited unless specific conditions are demonstrated.

Tiers of Antidegradation Protection

10 CSR 20-7.031(2) Tier 1

- Water quality is at, near or below WQS

Tier 2

- Water quality is better than WQS and degradation is allowed when justified

Tier 3

- Outstanding National and State Resource Waters. No degradation allowed.

High Quality

Existing Water Quality Water Quality Standard Beneficial Use Impairment

Low Quality

Available Assimilative Capacity

Antidegradation Review

• Alternatives Analysis • Demonstrated Social and Economic Importance • Highest Regulatory Requirements are met • Approved Watershed Management Plans for Nonpoint Sources are implemented • Public Participation

Antidegradation Implementation Procedure

• Required of all state programs • Final draft of Missouri’s procedure to be presented to the Missouri Clean Water Commission on April 20, 2007 • If approved, must be promulgated into rule and accepted by EPA

303(d) List

List of waters were regulatory actions have been unsuccessful in addressing the control of pollutants to the extent necessary to prevent impairment of waters’ beneficial use.

303(d) Listing Methodology

• Requires all data be considered • Must be scientifically sound • Impairments based on General Criteria must be quantified such that a targetable threshold exists for the TMDL • Significant events on a water body may effect usability of data

303(d) List for 2004 / 2006

• 74 Waters – down from 190 waters listed in 2002 • 67 TMDLs completed • 45 have insufficient data • 19 required new data analysis • 11 have modified permits issued • 10 new water quality standard • 6 moved to category 3B (further data needed) • 32 waters from the 2002 303(d) List • 42 new listings

2004/2006 303(d) List Pollutants of Concern Dissolv ed Ox y gen Metals Other Bacteria

Total Maximum Daily Loads

The amount of a specific pollutant a waterbody can receive and still meet Water Quality Standards

TMDLs

• Targeted for waters on the 303(d) List • 13-year Schedule for completion • EPA Priorities (Consent Decrees) • State Priorities – Certainty of impairment and source – Data collection needs – Grouped by region or pollutant type

TMDL Elements

• Identify All ( Total ) Sources of Pollutant • Calculate Maximum Pollutant Load • Assign Daily Pollutant Load Allocations to Point Sources and Nonpoint Sources • Address “Seasonality” • Include “Margin of Safety” to Account for Uncertainty

Key Factors in a TMDL

Source(s) PS / NPS Criterion Numeric / General Margin of Safety Explicit / Implicit Pollutant / Condition WQS / Use Impairment Target Load WLA + LA TMDL WLA + LA +MOS

TMDL Scenario

Source(s) NPS - Abandoned Mine Land Water Quality Criterion 1000 mg/L Pollutant / Condition Sulfates + Chlorides @ 2000 mg/L AQL Use Impairment Target Load 1000 mg/L Margin of Safety Explicit - 10 % of LC 100 mg/L TMDL 900 mg/L (900 x Flow x CF = #/day)

Allocation Formula

LC = (Qs + Qd) * WQC * CF (0.1 cfs)(2 mg/L)(5.40) = 1.1 pounds per day

Addressing Narrative Criteria

Matching the Load Allocation to the WQ Standard • • • •

Eutrophication

– Chl-a (ug/L) linked to P or N (mg/L)

Turbidity

– Secchi Disk Depth (m) linked to TSS (mg/L)

Sediments

– Bottom Coverage (%) linked to TSS (mg/L)

Discoloration

– Color Match (amt. of color disparity using the Platinum Cobalt Visual Method) linked to Chem “X”

TMDL Progress

Calendar Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

TMDLs Completed

14 10 4 35 18 6 44

WBID 3413 1339

On the Internet...

Department of Natural Resources 2006 TMDL Development Schedule (Click on a heading below to sort the table.)

Water Body Pollutant Target Date for Public Notice Target Date to Submit to EPA

Horseshoe Creek, Jackson County BOD, NH3N 2005/01/28 2006/02/23

Comments

Permit in Lieu of TMDL Submitted to EPA 2006/02/23 Oak Grove WWTP MO0130371 New permit issued 2006/02/10

Walnut Creek

Cedar County , BOD, VSS 2005/12/09 2006/04/05 Permit in lieu of TMDL.

Approved on 2006/05/26 El Dorado Springs WWTF - MO0040002 Issued 2006/ 03/24 www.dnr.mo.gov/env/wpp/tmdl/index.html