Transcript MIT X-ray Laser

User Program Advisory Committee
Artie Bienenstock, Stanford, chair
Marty Blume, American Physical Society
Steve Harrison, Harvard
John Hill, Brookhaven
Denis McWhan, BNL (ret)
Dagmar Ringe, Brandeis
Jochen Schneider, DESY
Sunil Sinha, UCSD
Charge: To advise the MIT Dean of Science on the best
approach to the development of a robust and sustainable
national user program to optimize the incentives for
participation and the inclusion of a diverse community.
MIT X-ray Laser User Facility
A true x-ray laser will have huge science impact
-- today no x-ray source is coherent
-- today no laser has much power for l < 30 nm
The International Context
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DESY XFEL Hamburg, Germany (approved)
-Based on superconducting linac (20 GeV)
-Five undulator beamlines with 10 stations
-Tunable 6.4 nm to 0.1 nm, 100 fs pulses
-Seeding under study
-Cost 709 MEU, Schedule >2010
DESY, TTF II, 1 GeV (approved)
SCSS, Spring-8, Japan, 1 GeV (app’d)
BESSY, Berlin, 2 GeV (proposed)
SPARX, Frascati, Italy, 2.5 GeV (prop’d)
4GLS, Daresbury, UK, (prop’d)
l > 1 nm
The National Context
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Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC
-Based on 15 GeV SLAC Cu linac
-Limited to 120 Hz rep rate
-One undulator beamline with 4-6 stations
-Tunable 1 nm to 0.15 nm, 250 fs unseeded pulses
-Cost 278M$, Schedule 2009
LCLS II project includes additional beamlines
-Recently deferred until 2009 by BESAC
-New superconducting linac may be more attractive
LBNL LUX concept
-Requires recirculation due to site constraints
- l > 1 nm
Outlook
• Europe is likely to have full-spectrum coverage
with many stations by 2010.
• US will have only one SASE beamline at LCLS
• MIT/Bates project would qualitatively change the
outlook
• Maintain and advance US leadership, particularly
with transform-limited applications
• The educational and scientific payoff make this
project an ideal match to MIT, NSF, and the US
MIT X-ray Laser Design Proposal
Contact: David E. Moncton, Director
Telephone: 617-253-8333
E-mail: [email protected]
website: http://mitbates.mit.edu/xfel/indexpass.htm
Co-Principal Investigators
William S. Graves
Franz X. Kaertner
Richard Milner
Bates Senior Staff
Manouchehr Farkhondeh
Jan van der Laan
Christoph Tschalaer
Fuhua Wang
Abbi Zolfaghari
Townsend Zwart
Science Collaborators
Simon Mochrie
Gregory Petsko
Henry I. Smith
Keith A. Nelson
Dagmar Ringe
Andrei Tokmakoff
Contributors
William M. Fawley
Hermann Haus
Ian McNulty
Jianwei Miao
Mark Schattenburg
James Fujimoto
Erich Ippen
Denis B. McWhan
Michael Pellin
Gopal K. Shenoy
MIT Commitment
• MIT has embraced the x-ray laser concept
exclusively for the future of Bates Laboratory
• The existing 80-acre parcel of land and its existing
infrastructure will be made available
• MIT will work with the DOE and NSF to insure
that no legacy costs are incurred
• As the owner and steward of the site, MIT will
carry out the responsibility to insure full and
timely compliance with NEPA and secure
appropriate construction permits
MIT X-ray Laser is Science Driven
Spatial Scales
Temporal Scales
Structural Biology
Gregory Petsko and Dagmar Ringe, Brandeis
Ultra-high Resolution
– Precise location and identification
– Hydrogen atoms
– Atomic motions
Time-Resolved
– Watch proteins work
Single Molecule/Particle
– Structure/function without crystals
Femtochemistry
Andrei Tokmakoff, Chemistry Department, MIT
•X-ray probed optical Kerr effect spectroscopy (XOKE)
•Photo-initiated chemical reaction dynamics in solution
•Transient photochemical hole burning of x-ray absorption line shapes
•Direct probing of protein folding and binding dynamics
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
Simon Mochrie, Physics Department, Yale
Transient Grating Spectroscopy
Keith Nelson, Chemistry Department, MIT
Inelastic Scattering
David E. Moncton, ANL and John Hill, BNL
Synchrotron (APS)
TiOCl
T=100K
X-ray Laser
•3 x 1011 photons/pulse
at 1 kHz = 3 x 1014 p/s
•Bandwidth seeding:
100 fs = 36meV
1013 p/s at 1 meV
Neutrons (HFBR)
•Bandwidth seeding:
1 ps = 3.6 meV
1014 p/s at 1 meV
MIT Academic Commitment
• All of the faculty members associated with this
project are supported by institutional funds
• All graduate student stipends are significantly
reduced by Institute contributions
• We also expect that such a facility will serve to
attract new faculty in both the School of Science
and the School of Engineering
MIT X-ray Laser is Technology Driven
• ACCELERATOR COMPONENTS: Superconducting
linacs, Photoelectron guns, Undulator magnet technology,
Laser seeding technology
• DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS: Argonne,
Brookhaven, DESY at 100nm wavelengths; LCLS at
Stanford to 0.15 nm
• POTENTIAL: A multi-beamline user facility
•10-30 beamlines each with 1 kHz rep rate
•Wavelengths 100nm to 0.3 nm (0.1nm in 3rd harmonic)
•Transform-limited pulses of up to 1 mJ
MIT X-ray Laser User Facility
Unique opportunity to integrate:
-- accelerator technology (MIT/Bates Lab)
-- with fs laser technology (MIT Ultrafast Group)
Facility Concept
Master oscillator
Seed
laser
UV Hall
Fiber link synchronization
Pump
laser
Seed
laser
X-ray Hall
Pump
laser
Undulators
100 nm
Injector
laser
30 nm
Undulators
1 nm
10 nm
0.3 nm
0.3 nm
SC Linac
1 GeV
2 GeV
SC Linac
0.1 nm
4 GeV
10 nm
Future upgrade to 0.1
nm at 8 GeV
3 nm
1 nm
Undulators
Seed
laser
Nanometer Hall
Pump
laser
Facility Cost Scaling: A Model
• Fixed Costs
80 M$
(RF Photoinjector, X-ray Beamlines,
Buildings, Cryoplant, Controls…)
• Linac Systems (20 MeV/m, ~0.4M$/m)
20 M$/GeV
• Undulator Systems (0.2 M$/m)
20M$/100m
Total Undulator Length = 4 x longest saturation length
• Contingency
25%
Better Gun
ε = 0.75 μm
Superconducting Undulator
λ = 14 mm K = 1.3
1000
Hybrid Undulator Parameters
VISA:
λ = 18 mm, K=1.4, B=0.8 T
23mm: λ = 23 mm, K=2.4, B=1.1 T
LCLS: λ = 30 mm, K=3.9, B=1.4 T
0.1 nm
Saturation Length (m)
0.3 nm
100
1 nm
10 nm
10
100 nm
1
0
Superconducting Undulator
“Miracle Gun”
ε = 0.1 μm
5
10
Electron Energy (GeV)
15
20
Electron Bunch Parameters
Q = 0.5 nC ΔE/E = 0.02% T = 250 fs
ε = 1.5 μm
Essential to Improve e-Gun Performance
•In linacs, electron emittances scale inversely with energy
•Electron beam emittance is born at the electron gun
•Electron gun emittances today are ee = 0 .5 nm/GeV
•Photon emittances for full transverse coherence ep = lp /4p
To couple a given electron beam most effectively to a
coherent photon field, we should have:
ee = ep
Upgrade Path
Shorter Wavelengths
• Linac could be extended while proposed facility is
operational.
• Novel Undulators (shorter period, smaller gap,
SC structures) can be developed on test beamline.
Increased Time Averaged Brilliance
•SC Linac would permits 100% duty factor as SC gun
technology matures. Requires increased cryoplant and
power.
Additional Users
•Facility would allow additional beamlines as funding
permits.
Seeded and SASE comparison
2
2
1.5
1.5
8
1
Power (GW)
Power (GW)
Power (GW)
7
1
0.5
0.5
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
10
20
30
Time (fs)
40
0
50
10
20
30
40
50
Power (MW/bin)
800
600
400
200
500
500
400
400
300
200
100
0
0.2995
0.3
0.3005
Wavelength (nm)
Seeding for short
pulses
0
Time (fs)
1000
Power (kW/bin)
0
0
Power (kW/bin)
0
0.301
10
20
30
Time (fs)
40
50
300
200
100
0
0.2995
0.3
0.3005
Wavelength (nm)
Seeding for
narrow bandwidth
0.301
0
0.2995
0.3
0.3005
Wavelength (nm)
SASE
0.301
APS
MIT Bates
Und. A
SASE FEL
Min
bandwidth
seeded FEL
X-rays per pulse
(0.1% max BW)
1.E+08
3.E+11
3.E+11
6.E+09
Peak brilliance
(p/s/0.1%/mm2)
3.E+22
1.E+33
3.E+35
7.E+33
Peak flux (p/s/0.1%)
1.E+18
6.E+24
6.E+24
1.E+23
Avg. flux (p/s/0.1%)
7.E+14
3.E+14
3.E+14
6.E+12
Average brilliance
(p/s/0.1%/mm2)
4.E+19
5.E+22
1.E+25
3.E+23
0.1
4.E+09
3.E+11
6.E+09
Pulse length (fs)
73000
50
50
1
Photon beamlines
34
10-30
10-30
10-30
Wavelength (nm)
0.05 - .4
0.3 - 100
0.3 - 100
0.3 - 100
Pulse frequency (Hz)
7.E+06
1000
1000
1000
Degeneracy parameter
Min
pulse length
seeded FEL
MIT X-ray Laser is Education Driven
• Unique Opportunity to develop an accelerator science and
technology curriculum
• Remarkable spectrum of engineering technologies
• Would be the ultimate laser laboratory
• Full integration with CMSE programs for K-12 and High
School teachers including RET and the Content Institute
• Expanded opportunities for UROP, TEAL, iLAB, etc.
• Design study and construction would provide unique
one-time educational experiences in many disciplines:
environment, management, architecture, etc.
MIT Commitment to Education
Program
• As a premier educational and research institution,
MIT will use its resources, together with those of
the NSF to achieve maximum educational impact
• MIT will plan the development of a graduate
accelerator science and technology curriculum
• MIT has been an innovator in exploring new
teaching concepts, such as UROP, REU, TEAL,
iLAB, and outreach programs for high school
teachers
3-year study plan
NSF Funding of Major Projects
• Design Study will be funded thru MPS/DMR
• Construction Project would be funded thru MRE
(Major Research Equipment ) account
• NSB supports increase from $130M to $350M
• FY04 President’s Budget has $200M for MRE
• Strong Congressional support for increases
• Existing and “backlog” projects can be launched
by FY06, leaving budget headroom for X-ray
Laser by FY07 at a $300-400M level
The MIT X-ray Laser Project
MIT/ Bates Laboratory
•A National User Facility: 10-30 beams
•Wavelength range 100-0.1 nm
•Integrated laser seeding for full coherence
•Pulses: Dt=1-1000 fs; Dw=3-0.003eV
•Pulse power of up to 1 mJ
•Pulse rates of 1 kHz or greater
Science: single molecule imaging, femtochemistry, nanometer lithography…
Technology: superconducting FEL, Ti:Sapp HHG seeding technology
Education: accelerator science curriculum, synergy with CMSE programs
Cost/Schedule: $300M; design: FY04-FY06; construct: FY07-FY10