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Applications of WR in Networks:
Timing transfer security enhancement using WR
JP Aubry Scientific Consultant
EPFL – ESPLAB Microcity Neuchâtel
WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
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• Various networks T&F requirements • GNSS vulnerabilities / cybersecurity • Time transfer protocoles over networks • Secured time transfer • ESPLAB in time & Time Transfer • Secure time transfer • WR time transfer over microwave
WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
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• Various networks T&F requirements • Telecom : fix line infrastructure, wireless • Power Networks / Smart Grid requirements • GNSS vulnerabilities / cybersecurity • Time transfer protocoles over networks • Secured time transfer • ESPLAB in time & Time Transfer • Secure time transfer • WR time transfer over microwave
WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
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Networks and timing requirements
• Bank : – High frequency trading : sub microsecond !
• Security / legal : – Time stamp in secured transaction (encryption) • Energy distribution / smart Grid : sub microsecond • Telecom – fix network : microsecond – Wireless network : microsecond ( 4G TDD, LTE,…) • Broadcast digital – SFN / DVB : microsecond • Infrastructures ( airport, Raiways,…) • Data exchange • …
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m s time requirement for LTE services m s requirement for TDD technology SyncE - PTP
Time requirements in LTE
Must be prepared for next generation and increasing demand Traffic affected performances may ask for alternative sync scheme
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Timing in Energy distribution network
• Energy – Energy transport network (very high voltage) : • Phase synchronization at switching – Energy distribution network • 25% of green energy inserted in distribution network by 2020 • Global equilibrium of energy flows • Real time management of outgoing / incoming energy
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Energy distribution infrastructure
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time requirements for PMU : Phasor Measurement Unit
• Real time / network time synchronization accuracy – Traceable to a unique time reference (UTC, Network time reference.…) for network dynamic coherence and interconnection – Accuracy in all network down below 1 m s •
1
m
rad (1 micro radian) phase reading, fault detection, Phasor operation, line phase angle, phase tracking after load variation
– Accuracy between neighbors down to
10’s ns
– * identify the fundamental frequency tone with accuracy levels adequate for distribution network applications ; – * obtain accuracy levels not influenced by the harmonic distortion of the analysed signals and by their time-varying characteristics. from Paolone,
EPFL STI IEL DESL ELL Lausanne (1,2)
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WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
Summary requested accuracies & TT
• Daily acts, display informations • Bank transfer • HFT (high Frequency trading) • Cryptography • Industrial ( oil prospection, infrastructure…) • Telecom (core network, 4G TDD) • Energy ( synchrophasor ) • Secured infrastructure time synch 1s 1ms < m s ms/ m s m s m s < m s ns • To morrow’s applications # ns
ntp ntp
ptp-wr
ntp/ptp ptp ptp
ptp-wr ptp-wr wireless ptp-wr
– Rescue, positionning, unmaned vehicules, ….
– 1 ns in mobile device…? C= 3.10
8 m/s ,
1 ns= 1.10
-9 s <> 30 cm
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• Various networks T&F requirements • GNSS vulnerabilities / cybersecurity • Time transfer protocoles over networks • Secured time transfer • ESPLAB in time & Time Transfer • Secure time transfer • WR time transfer over microwave
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•
GNSS Alone does not Provide Requested Reliability
• Unintentional Jamming – Television Stations – Spurious Emissions by Paging Transmitters – Known or Unknown Sources • Intentional Jamming – GPS jam on trucks – Government – Terrorism actions • Poor Satellite Reception – Urban Canyons – Ice / Snow Buildup on Antennas, weather condition, antenna failures • GNSS Satellite Failures • Legal issues on antenna deployment in some countries • Cost and maintenance of antenna & antenna cabling • Multiple frequencies / Similar technologies (GPS, Glonass, Galileo) jammed simultaneously Easy jamming / easy spoofing already identified in 2001 in Volpe report: –
«potential attack from jamming and spoofing of GPS signals up to of GPS ground station» disruption
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WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
• Various networks T&F requirements • GNSS vulnerabilities / cybersecurity • Time transfer protocoles over networks • Secured time transfer • ESPLAB in time & Time Transfer • Secure time transfer • WR time transfer over microwave
WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
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A View of future infrastructure network
non GNSS-dependant GNSS may be used locally as security check WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
Protocoles: NTP PTP
PTP-WR
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• Various networks T&F requirements • GNSS vulnerabilities / cybersecurity • Time transfer protocoles over networks • Secured time transfer • ESPLAB in time & Time Transfer • Secure time transfer • WR time transfer over microwave
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Secure time transfer
• Traceability – Managed and controlled link towards “trusted” time reference – Time transfer integrity detection • Security – Independent sources comparison – Multipath/multisources “ns” wireline / WR link – time of flight • Three corner hat approach – Intercomparison – Use a high performance LO as “arbitration” in case of time mismatch between two references
WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
Security Concept
• Multi reference Security / « three corner hat » security concept – Ref 2 fiber/ m wave “ns protocol” : • PTP-WR – Ref 1 : “ns time ref”: • GNSS • If R1 = R2 > m clock locked on “both” • If R1 # R2 > m clock provides hold over, detect the stable ext reference, and then “re-lock” on qualified input 16
WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
TCH Security ns tt : basic concept
GPS pps TOD COMP FPGA Line IN pps
PTP WR
TOD pps COMP FPGA TOD
MEMS Atomic clock
pps TOD COMP FPGA TOD pps DAC PROCESSEUR REMOTE MANAGEMENT
NTP PTP PTP WR
Local reference must be accurate and stable enough to provide short term holdover within “ns” over “observation & selection time”
WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
Local references Quartz- TCXO ocxo Rubidium
MEMS Atomic Clock
• Various networks T&F requirements • GNSS vulnerabilities / cybersecurity • Time transfer protocoles over networks • Secured time transfer • ESPLAB in time & Time Transfer • Secure time transfer • WR time transfer over microwave
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Combine WR and GNSS for time transfer security
Secure network WR time transfer
Multisources / multipath WR ns link WR time transfer over microwave
WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
Project WR over Wireless
• Target : disseminate ns time accuracy
– towards remote infrastructure nodes – over wireless link
WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
PTP-WR over wireless microwave
• Impact of wireline <> wireless interface • Impact of modulation and technology OFDM, PSK, QAM… • SyncE extended to Wireless spectrum : ( l 1 , F 1 ), ( l 2 , F 2 ) • Packet radio PTP compliant
WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
WR from fiber to
m
w
Additionnal delays Additional jitter Full duplex, SyncE, Symmetry ?
Additional delay parameters ?
Calibration ?
Initial drawing from Tomasz’s thesis WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
Project SCPTime
• Disseminate over a country a
S
ecured,
C
ertified ( ie traceable to reference, ie UTC) ,
P
recise down to ms, m s ,ns (PTP, PTP-WR) time • Infrastructure, HW, SW,…
WR workshop 2014 – Application of WR in Networks - JP Aubry
conclusion
• Time is the foreground of all our daily activities • Infrastructure require high accuracy time dissemination • Infrastructure must relay on intercompared/multiple time sources :
GNNS vs. fiber based “ns”
• WR is today’s most suitable « ns » time transfer for security concerned infrastructures • •
Wireless microwave WR Secure Certified Precise Time dissemination
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• Thank you for attention
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