Transcript Fire protection systems

Components
Water main
 DCVA – Double Check Valve
Assembly
 Fire Department Connection (FDC)
 Indicator Valve Assembly
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 Post Indicator Valve (PIV)
 Wall Post Indicator Valve (WPIV)
Control
Valve
Check Valve
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Locations of FDCs
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Within 50 feet of structure.
Within 50 feet of a fire hydrant. (Outside of the Downtown Sub
area)
Can be combination or single use.
Painted
Labeled for type and address (If needed)
As the downtown sub-area becomes more densely
developed, you will see more wall mounted connection
and control points.
Post Indicator Valve.
Wall Post Indicator Valve.
 Outside Screw and yoke
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Purpose:
 To control the flow of water to the fire protection system.
 Visible indicator of the position of the device.
 OPEN/SHUT
 Visible screw threads
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Security
 Chains
 Tamper device
Feed
from
main
Control
Valve
Check
Valve
FDC
PIV
Fire
Line
• Purpose
• To control and distribute the water to the suppression devices.
• To allow reporting to a notification device of tampering or
water flow.
• Risers come in many forms, from a standard wet pipe riser to
much more complicated systems.
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Water is in the system at all times.
Released by the activation of a sprinkler head.
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Used for areas subject to freeze.
The piping above the valve assembly has no
water in it.
Usually has an air compressor to hold back the
water from entering the pipes in non-alarm
conditions.
Face Bolt
Pressurized Air
Latch
Dry area
of riser
Valve Cap
Hinge
Water
Inlet
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Heat from combustion breaks the bulb or
fusible link on a sprinkler head.
Pressurized air in the branch and main lines
travels through the system escaping through
the opened sprinkler head or heads.
Air from the system leaves the main chamber
of the riser valve.
Release of the pressurized air allows for the
valve to lift off the inlet.
Water moves from the main line into the
system lines.
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Time constraints for air to leave the system and
water to reach the sprinkler head.
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NFPA 13 – 60 seconds of less for water delivery.
If the system takes too long…
 An “Accelerator” may be needed.
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Air compressor to keep pressure in the system
and keep the main alarm valve from opening.
Signal to alarm system when system goes
“WET”.
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Usually used for areas within a building that
may need special application due to sensitive
equipment or where accidental activation is
undesired.
Pre-action systems are hybrids of wet, dry, and
deluge systems, depending on the exact system
goal.
There are two main sub-types of pre-action
systems: single interlock, and double interlock.
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Single interlock systems are similar to
dry systems except that these systems
require that a “preceding” fire detection
event, typically the activation of a heat or
smoke detector, takes place prior to the
“action” of water introduction into the
system’s piping by opening the preaction valve, which is a mechanically
latched valve.
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Double interlock systems are similar to deluge
systems except that automatic sprinklers are
used.
These systems require that both a “preceding”
fire detection event, typically the activation of a
heat or smoke detector, and an automatic
sprinkler operation take place prior to the
“action” of water introduction into the system’s
piping.
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Activation of either the fire detectors alone, or
sprinklers alone, without the concurrent
operation of the other, will not allow water to
leave the piping system.
Because water does not enter the piping until a
sprinkler operates, double interlock systems
are considered as dry systems in terms of water
delivery times, and similarly require a larger
design area.
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In these systems, sprinklers are open at all
times.
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There is NO fusible link or temperature sensitive
bulb.
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A fire detection device
controls the main valve.
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Very similar to a pre-action
system.
When the system is activated,
the valve opens, allowing
large amounts of water to flow
through all of the sprinklers.
They are usually used in
facilities that contain
hazardous materials such as:
flammable liquids, chemicals,
and explosives.
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A system of pipes and connection points.
Mainly used to extend the reach of hose lines.
Typical connections are 2 ½ inch and 1 ½ inch.
Connections are normally located in stairwells.
Can also be found in hallways, roofs and places
where the spacing between access points
exceeds 300 feet.
Systems can be as complicated as the
building and its contents require.
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System can be normally dry.
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System can be normally wet.
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Supplied by water from a fire apparatus.
Supplied by water from the fire line.
Supplemented with water from a fire
apparatus.
System can be a combination.
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Combined with the sprinkler system.
Class I – A Class I
standpipe system shall
provide a 2 1/2 inch
hose connection for use
primarily by trained
personnel or by the fire
department during
initial response. This
class has no hose
attached.
Class II – A Class II
standpipe system shall
provide 1 1/2 inch hose
stations to supply water
for use primarily by
trained personnel or by
the fire department
during initial response.
These are typically found
in cabinets with 100’ of
hose.
Class III – A Class III standpipe
system shall provide 1 1/2 inch
hose stations to supply water for
use by trained personnel and a 2
1/2 inch hose connection to
supply a larger volume of water
for use by fire departments and
those trained in heavy fire
streams. Many times these
connections will provide a 2-1/2
inch reducer to a 1-1/2 hose
connection.
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FM-200
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An extinguishing system that utilizes a chemical
extinguishing agent.
The agent is less hazardous than Halon.
Leaves no residue on equipment.
Uses a interlock release system.
 Usually smoke detectors.
Countdown timer to allow for escape from the room
prior to release.
 Manual activation and abort buttons.
 Visual and audible alarms.
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Extinguishing
agent canister
Discharge
Nozzles
Temporary
abort button
Manual
Activation
button
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NFPA 96 Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire
Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations
NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler
Systems
NFPA 17 Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing
Systems
NFPA 17A Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing
Systems
UL 300 Standard for Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishing
Systems for Protection of Commercial Cooking
Equipment
UL 710 Standard for Exhaust Hoods for Commercial
Cooking Equipment
These are just some of them.
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Why do we need hood extinguishing systems?
What are some of the hazards associated with
kitchen cooking?
How frequently are hoods to be cleaned?
How frequently are the suppression
components to be serviced?
What types of extinguishing agents are used?
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NFPA 96
Cleaning schedule
Monthly - Facilities that serve solid fuel cooking
need to be cleaned.
Quarterly - Facilities that serving high volume
cooking like 24hr restaurants and wok cooking .
Semi- Annual - Facilities that serve moderate
volume cooking to be cleaned.
Annually - Facilities that serve low volume
cooking like churches, day camps, senior centers.
Typical System Layout
Grease build up on roof
A dirty hood system
Grease baffle filters
A duct with heavy build up
A Cleaned duct
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Concerns of a dirty hood system.
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Build up of grease from grease laden
vapors.
 Producing a highly combustible fuel load.
Grease is a corrosive material that over
time can weaken or destroy structural
members.
 Rapid fire spread.
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Activation process
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Detection of a fire
 Fusible link
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Shut down of gas supply and/or electricity of heat
sources
Shut down of make-up air.
Notification to FA panel
 Fire alarm activated.
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Activation of suppression chemical.
Extinguishment of fire.
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Conventional panel
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Reports location of fires by “zones”
Different types of signals
 Water flow
 Smoke
 Heat detector
 Manual Pull
 Trouble
 Supervisory
Annunciator
Panel
Manual
Pull Station
Control Panel
Smoke
detector
Flow switch
Horn/Strobe
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Monitors each individual device.
Reports
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Detector activation
Trouble
Supervisory
Displays specific information
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Detector location
Type of detector
Supervisory signals
 Duct detector activation
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Trouble signals
 Missing devices
 Power failure
 Communication error
Panels come in a wide variety of styles and
abilities.
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Each device is in constant communication with
the panel.
Panel can identify the location and condition
of the device.
Can monitor other devices such as VESDA and
Special extinguishing systems and Smoke
Control.
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International Fire Code 2009 allows for
alternate methods of communication with the
monitoring station.
What does this mean?
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New technology is now replacing some of the long
standing modes of communicating with the
monitoring station.
POTS - Copper wire
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Digital Dialer
DAC – Digital Alarm Communicator
STU – subscriber terminal unit
New technology must meet NFPA 72 standards
RF – Radio Frequency
 Cellular – cell system
 IPDAC – Internet
 VOIP
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Very
Early
Smoke
Detection
Apparatus
Can be used
where due to
sensitive
equipment,
early
detection is
needed.
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How it works
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Constantly “sniffing” the air. Uses a high efficiency
aspirator.
Detects minuscule amounts of smoke by the use of a
laser.
Alerts in a pre-alarm and alarm manner.
 Multiple levels of alarm are available before a full
alarm is activated.
Aspirating
smoke
detector
(Laser type).
Pipe Network