Transcript GENDER MAiNSTREAMING IN THE BIOGAS PROGRAM

Gender and Energy Practitioners Meet-Amsterdam
GENDER
MAINSTREAMING:
THE BIOGAS PROGRAM
-Nepal
Indira Shakya
Kathmandu Nepal
12-13 Dec, 2011
About Biogas Support Program
(BSP)-Nepal
• 1992 - Biogas Support Programme (BSP) established
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under SNV Nepal, funding from DGIS.
1997-2003 Phase III- KfW and Gov’t of Nepal also
started funding BSP for subsidy part.
Jul ‘03 - Jun ’09 Phase IV – BSP implemented by
BSP-Nepal.
2005 – BSP, 1st CDM Project in Nepal, registration
of 2 Biogas CDM Projects (19,396 plants).
2007 - A separate project, Gold Standard VER
Biogas Project (GSP) with funding of WWF.
2009 – Phase IV in progress
Cumulative Biogas Plant Constructed
(1992-2010)-249,814
Fiscal Year Wise Biogas Plant Construction
25,000
GSP
BSP
21,158
20,056
19,479
20,000
17,857
17,803
Cumulative Biogas Plant Construction-from
16,340
15,527
1992 = 249,814
17,663
Number of Plants
16,118
15,000
14,884
13,265
11,259
11,052
9,869
8,387
10,000
7,157
7,1
5,000
0
3,318
1992/93
3,506
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
GSP
BSP
3,318
3,506
5,117
7,157
8,387
9,869
11,052
13,265
17,857
15,527
16,340
Fiscal Year
11,259
17,803
16,118
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
1,733
1,105
1,273
1,647
2010/11
2,137
15,930
13,779
18,206
19,511
17,919
National Coverage of the Biogas
program
Approach & Strategy of BSP
 Public-Private Partnership and Private Sector
Promotion
 Making Market Work
 Demand-driven (private sector as prime movers)
 Technical assistance and subsidy
 Emphasis on quality of goods and services
 Support to easy and wider credit availability
 Gradual scaling down of activities.
 Making Market Work for the Poor
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Pro-poor orientation and social inclusion
Increased emphasis for linkages with micro
credit and other rural development activities.
Market Penetration High
Operation Rate
 Market Penetration
Around 25% of technical potential of around 1.1 m
dung based biogas plants in the country.
• Over 2,800 Village Development Committees or
Municipalities reached; all 75 Districts reached.
 Operational Rate, etc. (Users’ Survey Results)
• 94 to 98% plants are operating
• 63 to 69% plants have toilet connection
• 74 to 86% users use slurry or after composting.
• Around 91% biogas users satisfied with the plants.
•
Energy Situation and Biogas
Intervention
Clean and
smoke free
kitchen
leading to
better health
and reduced
drudgery
87% depend on
biomass enenrgy
Women collect and
Enabling
manage biomass
Income
fuel spending 4-5
generation
hours a day
from
kitchen
garden
Women suffer
from IAP as well
as prolepsis
Key Elements supporting
Gender Mainstreaming -IV
to develop
and disseminate biogas plants as a mainstream
renewable energy solution in rural Nepal, while
 The overall objective of the BSP – IV is
better addressing poverty, social
inclusion and regional balance issues
and
at the same time ensuring enhanced
commercialisation and sustainability of the sector.
 Quality Control Objectives (BSP/QMS/QO/01): To ensure that
at least 90% biogas users (male & female) are
able to operate the biogas plant
Gender Activities in each Phase
Improve
of the Program
technology
Address Energy
needs
Develop appliances
Build Capacity as
masons, supervisors
Extension workers
Build Technical
and Leadership
Develop financing
capacity
mechanisms
Develop promotional Support to Set
up enterprises
materials focusing
on benefits for
Institutional
women
strengthening
Enhance capacity
Expand project
areas
Scaling up
Promoting
Financing
Technology
& Capacity Development
Development
Phase 1
Promotion
Phase 2
Phase 3
Growth
Phase 4
Highlights of the Strategy Encouraging the Private sector
Construction companies - Special trainings for men and
women; inclusion of women as Construction Companies
Association Board Member safety /security provided for
female staff, code of conduct in place;
 Fabrication Units – Provide necessary information on
user’s needs for modifying the appliances in compliance to
the suggestions
 NGOs – selection criteria, past experiences, focus on
gender assessment in Contract ToRs
 MFIs - Coordinate with women operated MFIS , provide
seed money for loans, collect interest house to house

Highlights of the Strategy Co-ordination
Promotion/Awareness/Training
• Government Organizations
• NGOs
• Organizations Focusing on Women
Development
• Association of Biogas Construction
Companies
• Local Private development organisations
Financing
• Poor and marginalised groups –Poverty
Alleviation Fund
• Women ‘ Credit Groups
• Conservation organizations
Extension Program
• Agriculture Organizations
• Community Organisations
• Association of Biogas Construction Companies
• Self help groups
R&D
• National Institutes
• Stove and appliances Units
Highlights of the Strategy Tracking Changes
Periodic monitoring of the project concludes the following
 Growth in female masons to move up the ladder –
 To become supervisors
 Be owners of the construction companies
 Quality Control Workers
 Head Micro Finance Institutions
 Data base management – use of gender sensitive indicators
compulsory
 Reporting/Dissemination – Focus on gender sensitive issues
 Users Perspectives - Appreciation of female staff
Highlights of the Strategy
Technical Changes :
12
64
12
36
16
164
177
26
R11
10
1
65
65
20
15
25
50
50
140
12
35
86
102
112
165
24
10 cm Ø. HDPE pipe
12 12
101
185
12 12
Easier for women also in cleaning
the scum collected at the bottom of
the digester
Achievements – Linking
Outcomes to overall sectoral
benefit
 Need based development of products
 Users better informed
 Sustainability of the program assured
 Better outreach of the program focusing on
users’ needs
 Recovery of loans higher
 An answer to access to clean energy for
rural areas
Key Areas for Gender Mainstreaming
Awareness
Building
Dissemination
Monitoring
Financing
Construction
and
Operation
Extension
Service
Gender Mainstreaming Measures –
BSP - 1
Activity
Awareness
Purpose
GM Adopted
Outcome
• Motivation
• Focussing on benefits,
•Effective networking
• Adoption of the
esp. for women
• Motivation thru female
mobilisers/motivators
 Awareness campaign for
men and women
• Encouraged women’s
ownership of biogas
systems
•Effective two way
technology
• Leads towards
installation of the
plant
Total No of Plants: 243425
Women Owned - 56329
interaction with direct
beneficiaries, easier
to break cultural
barriers and address
gender needs
•Women owned biogas
plant -23%, 77%
Gender Mainstreaming Measures –BSP - 2
Activity
Financing
Purpose
Leads towards
installation of the
plant
Adoption
Construction of
system
Total 264
Women Headed - 94
GM Adopted
Loan provision encouraged
through women’s group
Outcome
36% women
cooperatives have
been mobilised
Gender Mainstreaming Measures –BSP - 3
Activity
Purpose
Construction installation of
/Operations the plant
GM Adopted
Encourage women to take up
masonry, supervision and
management of biogas companies
Special Training to women on
management, business plan
development, leadership trainings
Award for best mason
/superviosr/entrepreneur
[women and men
separately
Total – 81
Women Owned - 28
Outcome
9 female owned biogas
companies in the
sector
Gender Mainstreaming Measures –BSP - 4
Activity
Purpose
GM Adopted
Extension
Services
Proper operation critical for
effective functioning of the
technology leading to
creditability for sector growth
Users’ training- both for
women and men, for
women only] [Pictorial,
maintenance guide etc.
Higher confidence amongst
women; less idle period of the
system
Promotion
ToT for promoters (male
Women are also made aware
of the benefits and uses of
the technology
and female)
Outcome
After Sales services
Mandatory for 3 years
Technicians working Women - 23, men- 677
Training
Extra incentives for women 8 female masons and 44
participants
supervisors
Gender Mainstreaming Measures –BSP - 5
Activity
Monitoring
Purpose
•Enhance the
effectiveness of the
program
•Judging credibly
progress and success
GM Adopted
Outcome
Inclusion of gender
sensitive indicators in the
Annual Users Survey:
socio economic, roles
and responsibilities;
transitions,
Sector-wide realization of
the impact: social economic
changes; acceptance of the
technology for the benefit
of the HH; influencing in the
decision making
Gender Mainstreaming Measures –BSP - 6
Activity
Dissemination
Purpose
GM Adopted
Outcome
Sharing of
Case studies focusing on Consciousness amongst
experiences, influence impact on women, men the stakeholders on the
in decision making;
and the community;
importance of gender
mainstreaming;
Constraints for this
initiative ….

Existing Social Resistance on involvement of women in the
sector as leaders

Low acceptance of women as technical workers in this male
dominated sector

Access to financial resources for women still low

Closing the present gaps in meeting energy needs by the
prevailing technology
Seeing is Believing
Domestic Cooking and lighting – Household
Systems
Domestic Cooking –Community Systems-low
lands
Uses - From the low lands to the Himalayas
Interactions focusing on women’s groups
Female Masons and Supervisors
Training
At Work
Honouring Achievements
Excelling in the Job
Experts with Awardees
With Joy and Pride from the Users…..
Nima Sherpa, Solukhumbu
“……. We simply did not
believe that cattle dung
could produce biogas fuel
which could be used for
lighting and cooking. Now
that we have installed
biogas plants in our homes
and put it to several uses,
our lives have become
much easier…...”
Jit Narayan Chaudhary, Sunsari
“…… We’re glad that we
took the initiative for
installing the biogas plant in
our village. It is easy to save
money with the help of
biogas plant,”
Bharat Bhujel, Mahottari
“I’m glad I used the
slurry, the vegetable
production is better this
year. It has proved to be
far more effective than
the chemical fertilizers I
constantly used in the
past”
..Kalpana and Laxman Ghimire, Lalitpur
“-- Biogas has been a blessing to us village
farmers.”
Funds available for
up-scaling
• Enhanced livelihood,•
empowerment
Biogas offers ……
Clean
Sanitation
No Indoor Air
Pollution
Reduced
Dependence on
Fuelwood
$$$: Local
Income
Generation and
CDM
• Improved Health,
reduced child
mortality
•Reduced drudgery,
Why not ----- Promote use of biogas based on wastes other than cattle
dung – some ethnic groups do not rear cattle
 Encourage use of institutional and community based
systems – to address the non-availability of land
for constructing systems
 Foster biogas as a means for solid waste management –

availability of raw material increases and
improves environment
Develop women as bare-foot engineers - for construction
and after sales services
Namaste