Transcript CHAPTER 18 THE AGE OF REFORM

HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Chapter 9
THE AGE OF REFORM
Section 1: The Progressive Movement
Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
Section 3: Reforming Society
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Progressive Movement
Objectives:
 What were the backgrounds of social reform
leaders?
 What issues concerned progressives?
 What issues did muckrakers address?
 How did progressive writers and thinkers view
American society?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Progressive Movement
Backgrounds of social reform leaders
 native born
 middle or upper class
 usually urban
 college educated
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Progressive Movement
Progressive issues
 reform of industrial practices
 end to child labor
 reform of electoral system
 social justice
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Progressive Movement
Muckraker’s issues
 business corruption
 corruption in urban politics
 social problems such as slums and child labor
 racism
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 1: The Progressive Movement
Progressive views
 Industrial society exploited the weak.
 Government should use its powers to promote
social welfare.
 Private citizens bear a social responsibility.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
Objectives:
 What workplace problems did progressives target?
 What were the results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?
 What rulings did the Supreme Court make on labor
laws?
 What were the successes and failures of unions in the
early 1900s?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
Workplace problems
 child labor
 low wages for women
 long working hours
 dangerous working conditions
 no minimum wage
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
Results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
 public outrage
 passage of strict fire-safety code by New York
legislature
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
Supreme Court rulings on labor laws
 In Lochner v. New York, the Court overturned a law
limiting work to ten hours a day, stating that workers
should be free to accept any working conditions.
 In Muller v. Oregon, the Court upheld a law limiting
women to a ten-hour workday, claiming that women’s
physical structure justified special legislation.
 In general, the Court sided with business owners and
overturned much early social legislation.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order
Successes and failures of unions





increased membership
got wage increases and shorter hours in some companies
got aid from progressive organizations
accepted women and minorities (IWW)
excluded unskilled workers and sometimes promoted
racism (AFL)
 did not get closed-shop status (ILGWU)
 failed to end capitalism and faded from power (IWW)
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Reforming Society
Objectives:
 How did reformers try to improved life in U.S. cities?
 How did reformers hope to improve moral standards?
 How did African Americans and American Indians
organize to improve their lives?
 Why were immigrants left out of some progressive
reforms, and how did they contribute to other
reforms?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Reforming Society
Reformers attempts to improve
urban life
 tried rid cities of garbage
 wanted to provide better housing
 desired better public education
 wanted improved public health
 worked to build playgrounds
 wanted to provide city planning and redesign
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Reforming Society
Moral improvements desired by
reformers
 crusaded against alcohol
 demanded censorship
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Reforming Society
American Indians
 formed the Society of American Indians to address
problems and publicize accomplishments.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Reforming Society
African Americans
 formed the NAACP to work through the courts for
civil rights
 formed the Urban League to fight for racial
equality
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Reforming Society
Immigrants and reform
 often left out because of racism and lack of respect
for immigrants’ cultures
 worked through political machines to establish
worker-protection and public-health programs
 used political machines to obtain playgrounds,
public baths, and parks
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON